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百亿美元帐面收益灌进财报 华尔街对AI浮盈大敲警钟

2026-10-16 21:27:35 网络 阅读(58)

美国大型科技企业最新一季获利表面上持续强劲,但部分企业的税前利润正受到AI相关股权投资估值大幅上升的推动,引发市场对「盈利质量」的关注。最新数据显示,Alphabet (GOOG-US)、亚马逊(AMZN-US)、辉达(NVDA-US)及微软(MSFT-US)等科技巨头,近期业绩中的「其他收入」大幅增加,其中相当部分来自持有其他AI企业的股权估值上升,属于尚未实现的帐面收益,而非核心业务产生的现金流。

百亿美元帐面收益灌进财报 华尔街对AI浮盈大敲警钟

Alphabet截至6月30日的季度营业收入为1197.96亿美元, 年增24%; 营业利润407.70亿美元, 年增30%。但公司当季「其他收入」净额高达979.83亿美元, 推动税前利润升至1387.53亿美元, 意味着其他收入约占当季税前利润71%。

亚马逊的情况同样受到外部股权估值影响。公司第二季净销售额达2006.06亿美元, 年增20%; 营业利润274.61亿美元, 年增43%。但其他收入净额达534.15亿美元, 主要来自对AI公司Anthropic的投资, 推动税前利润达808.57亿美元, 其他收入约占税前利润66%。

亚马逊官方财报也证实, 第二季净利润达626亿美元, 远高于2025年同期的182亿美元, 其中包括535亿美元非营运税前其他收入, 主要来自Anthropic投资。与此同时, 公司过去12个月营业现金流增至1614亿美元, 年增33%, 但自由现金流转为76亿美元流出, 主因AI相关资本支出大幅增加。

相较之下, 辉达与微软的「其他收入」占比明显较低。辉达截至7月26日的财季营收为962.21亿美元, 营业利润637.34亿美元, 其他收入77.73亿美元, 税前利润715.07亿美元, 其他收入约占税前利润11%。

辉达的核心业务获利仍然非常强劲。公司近期公布的财测也显示AI晶片需求持续旺盛, 预期2027年营收增幅可达70%, 明显高于市场原先预期的40%, 带动股价单日大涨8.7%。不过, 公司同时警告记忆体元件可能出现供应短缺。

微软截至6月30日的财季营收为900.07亿美元, 营业利润406.03亿美元, 年增18%; 其他收入净额34.44亿美元, 税前利润440.47亿美元, 其他收入占比不到8%。因此, 相较Alphabet及亚马逊, 辉达与微软的获利对股权估值变动依赖程度相对有限。

目前市场关注的核心在于, 这些「其他收入」究竟来自何处。分析显示, 主要有两条来源, 第一是大型科技公司对OpenAI及Anthropic等AI企业的股权投资, 第二则是SpaceX上市后带来的持股重估。

OpenAI与Anthropic近几季估值快速上升, 使持有相关股权的科技企业能够在财报中确认可观的估值收益。亚马逊对Anthropic的投资便是最明显案例, 公司第二季535亿美元非营运税前其他收入主要来自该项投资。

SpaceX则成为另一项重要催化剂。SpaceX今年6月完成IPO, 发行约6.389亿股A类普通股, 每股IPO价格135美元, 扣除承销及相关成本后取得约856.75亿美元净募资。上市前, SpaceX已将马斯克旗下xAI纳入公司架构, 并将AI与太空基础设施结合成为其资本市场故事的重要部分。

SpaceX上市后, 主要股东持股价值随股价波动而重新计量。Alphabet及辉达均持有SpaceX股份, 因而可能透过股权估值变化影响财报中的其他收入。近期监管文件显示, 辉达截至6月底持有约1.228亿股SpaceX股份, 持股价值接近210亿美元; Alphabet则持有约5.51亿股, 价值约770亿美元。

辉达持有SpaceX股份的背景与xAI有直接关联。辉达此前投资马斯克旗下xAI, 而xAI在SpaceX上市前被纳入SpaceX, 使辉达最终取得SpaceX股权。这也意味着SpaceX上市及后续股价变化, 将成为辉达投资收益及其他收入的重要变数之一。

按照现行美国会计准则, 企业持有的部分股权投资需要按照公允价值计量, 估值变化可以直接反映在当期损益中。对于没有公开市场报价的非上市股权, 则可采用「计量替代法」, 通常只有在出现可观察交易价格, 例如新一轮融资定价时才进行重新估值。

这也解释了为何AI股权投资收益有时会呈现「块状」出现。非上市AI企业通常只有在完成新一轮融资或出现其他可观察交易时才重新估值; 一旦估值大幅提高, 持股企业便可能在单一季度确认巨额帐面收益。至于已上市的SpaceX, 则可以随公开市场价格变化而重新计量。

值得注意的是, 这些收益本质上是估值变动产生的帐面利润, 并不代表企业收到等额现金, 也不是由云端服务、广告、软体或晶片销售等核心业务直接创造的营业收入。因此, 如果相关AI企业未来估值下滑, 或者下一轮融资价格低于先前估值, 相关股权也可能出现帐面损失。

这种现象已经引起华尔街策略师及大型资产管理机构注意。路透旗下Breakingviews近期指出, SpaceX与Anthropic本身仍处于巨额投资阶段, 却透过其投资者的帐面收益对标普500企业获利增长产生重大影响, 显示AI产业的资本、股权及获利之间已形成高度循环的关系。

高盛美股首席策略师Ben Snider表示, 投资人数年前便开始关注大型科技企业之间可能形成的循环效应, 核心问题是这些企业公布的获利增长究竟反映真实市场需求, 还是部分受到企业彼此投资及估值提升的影响。

法国兴业银行美股策略主管Manish Kabra则认为, 大额股权投资收益让市场开始重新思考「盈利质量」, 并指出相关疑虑已促使市场对这些公司的估值标准有所调整, 市盈率由约25倍降至约20倍。

北欧资产管理机构Nordea Asset Management固收与股票首席投资官Kasper Elmgreen也警告, 上半年业绩可能高估了部分大型科技企业可持续的盈利能力, AI投资收益具有明显的循环特征, 因此需要对相关获利保持警惕。

花旗美股策略师Scott Chronert则指出, 今年的大额一次性股权重估推高了科技企业的获利基数。如果明年没有相同规模的估值重估事件, 企业获利成长可能反而转为负值, 为后续财报带来业绩基数过高的风险。

Federated Hermes全球股票组合经理Louise Dudley则认为, 这些估值调整的规模已大到无法忽视, 确实增加额外风险。不过, 她也指出, 大型科技企业积极投资及与高成长AI企业合作, 本身仍具有一定战略价值。

市场因此面临一个关键问题: AI投资究竟是在创造真正的经济价值, 还是在大型科技企业之间形成资金与估值互相推升的循环。近年大型科技企业一方面投入数千亿美元建设AI资料中心、采购GPU及扩大云端容量, 另一方面又透过股权投资取得AI新创企业的股份, 使资本支出与投资收益开始在同一产业链中相互交织。

这种现象并不代表大型科技企业的核心业务已经失去增长动力。以亚马逊为例, AWS第二季营收达422亿美元, 年增37%, AWS营业利润也由去年同期102亿美元升至166亿美元, 显示AI需求确实正在转化为云端业务的实际收入及利润。

辉达则更加直接地反映AI需求。公司近期财测显示, 2027年营收增长预期达70%, 远高于市场原本约40%的共识, 显示AI加速器需求仍然强劲。因此, 对投资人而言, 真正需要区分的并非「AI获利是真是假」, 而是哪些获利来自主营业务, 哪些则来自投资组合估值上升。

分析师普遍认为, 美国大型科技企业的基本面目前仍相对稳健, 但AI投资收益的不规则出现, 正让财报解读变得更加复杂。当OpenAI、Anthropic及SpaceX等AI相关企业估值持续上升时, 其股东可能获得巨额帐面收益; 一旦估值周期反转, 同一机制也可能反过来拖累科技巨头的获利。

因此, 市场接下来除了关注营收、营业利润及自由现金流等传统指标外, 也将更加重视「其他收入」的来源及可持续性。对大型科技企业而言, AI投资是否能最终转化为可持续的产品收入、云端营收及现金流, 将比单季出现多少帐面浮盈更能决定AI热潮究竟具备多少真实成色。

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      "level": 1
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      "id": 36,
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          "id": 43,
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          "name": "股指期货",
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    "description": "美国科技巨头最新财报亮眼,但Alphabet与亚马逊的「其他收入」分别达近980亿及534亿美元,主要受AI股权估值上升带动。随SpaceX、Anthropic等估值飙升,市场开始质疑AI投资浮盈能否持续。",
    "img": "https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6593841/l/10986a82dd8aa75819bcbf99d8d57cbe.jpg",
    "content": "<p>美国大型科技企业最新一季获利表面上持续强劲,但部分企业的税前利润正受到AI相关股权投资估值大幅上升的推动,引发市场对「盈利质量」的关注。最新数据显示,Alphabet (GOOG-US)、亚马逊(AMZN-US)、辉达(NVDA-US)及微软(MSFT-US)等科技巨头,近期业绩中的「其他收入」大幅增加,其中相当部分来自持有其他AI企业的股权估值上升,属于尚未实现的帐面收益,而非核心业务产生的现金流。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6593841/l/10986a82dd8aa75819bcbf99d8d57cbe.jpg\" alt=\"百亿美元帐面收益灌进财报 华尔街对AI浮盈大敲警钟\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>Alphabet截至6月30日的季度营业收入为1197.96亿美元, 年增24%; 营业利润407.70亿美元, 年增30%。但公司当季「其他收入」净额高达979.83亿美元, 推动税前利润升至1387.53亿美元, 意味着其他收入约占当季税前利润71%。</p>\n\n<p>亚马逊的情况同样受到外部股权估值影响。公司第二季净销售额达2006.06亿美元, 年增20%; 营业利润274.61亿美元, 年增43%。但其他收入净额达534.15亿美元, 主要来自对AI公司Anthropic的投资, 推动税前利润达808.57亿美元, 其他收入约占税前利润66%。</p>\n\n<p>亚马逊官方财报也证实, 第二季净利润达626亿美元, 远高于2025年同期的182亿美元, 其中包括535亿美元非营运税前其他收入, 主要来自Anthropic投资。与此同时, 公司过去12个月营业现金流增至1614亿美元, 年增33%, 但自由现金流转为76亿美元流出, 主因AI相关资本支出大幅增加。</p>\n\n<p>相较之下, 辉达与微软的「其他收入」占比明显较低。辉达截至7月26日的财季营收为962.21亿美元, 营业利润637.34亿美元, 其他收入77.73亿美元, 税前利润715.07亿美元, 其他收入约占税前利润11%。</p>\n\n<p>辉达的核心业务获利仍然非常强劲。公司近期公布的财测也显示AI晶片需求持续旺盛, 预期2027年营收增幅可达70%, 明显高于市场原先预期的40%, 带动股价单日大涨8.7%。不过, 公司同时警告记忆体元件可能出现供应短缺。</p>\n\n<p>微软截至6月30日的财季营收为900.07亿美元, 营业利润406.03亿美元, 年增18%; 其他收入净额34.44亿美元, 税前利润440.47亿美元, 其他收入占比不到8%。因此, 相较Alphabet及亚马逊, 辉达与微软的获利对股权估值变动依赖程度相对有限。</p>\n\n<p>目前市场关注的核心在于, 这些「其他收入」究竟来自何处。分析显示, 主要有两条来源, 第一是大型科技公司对OpenAI及Anthropic等AI企业的股权投资, 第二则是SpaceX上市后带来的持股重估。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI与Anthropic近几季估值快速上升, 使持有相关股权的科技企业能够在财报中确认可观的估值收益。亚马逊对Anthropic的投资便是最明显案例, 公司第二季535亿美元非营运税前其他收入主要来自该项投资。</p>\n\n<p>SpaceX则成为另一项重要催化剂。SpaceX今年6月完成IPO, 发行约6.389亿股A类普通股, 每股IPO价格135美元, 扣除承销及相关成本后取得约856.75亿美元净募资。上市前, SpaceX已将马斯克旗下xAI纳入公司架构, 并将AI与太空基础设施结合成为其资本市场故事的重要部分。</p>\n\n<p>SpaceX上市后, 主要股东持股价值随股价波动而重新计量。Alphabet及辉达均持有SpaceX股份, 因而可能透过股权估值变化影响财报中的其他收入。近期监管文件显示, 辉达截至6月底持有约1.228亿股SpaceX股份, 持股价值接近210亿美元; Alphabet则持有约5.51亿股, 价值约770亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>辉达持有SpaceX股份的背景与xAI有直接关联。辉达此前投资马斯克旗下xAI, 而xAI在SpaceX上市前被纳入SpaceX, 使辉达最终取得SpaceX股权。这也意味着SpaceX上市及后续股价变化, 将成为辉达投资收益及其他收入的重要变数之一。</p>\n\n<p>按照现行美国会计准则, 企业持有的部分股权投资需要按照公允价值计量, 估值变化可以直接反映在当期损益中。对于没有公开市场报价的非上市股权, 则可采用「计量替代法」, 通常只有在出现可观察交易价格, 例如新一轮融资定价时才进行重新估值。</p>\n\n<p>这也解释了为何AI股权投资收益有时会呈现「块状」出现。非上市AI企业通常只有在完成新一轮融资或出现其他可观察交易时才重新估值; 一旦估值大幅提高, 持股企业便可能在单一季度确认巨额帐面收益。至于已上市的SpaceX, 则可以随公开市场价格变化而重新计量。</p>\n\n<p>值得注意的是, 这些收益本质上是估值变动产生的帐面利润, 并不代表企业收到等额现金, 也不是由云端服务、广告、软体或晶片销售等核心业务直接创造的营业收入。因此, 如果相关AI企业未来估值下滑, 或者下一轮融资价格低于先前估值, 相关股权也可能出现帐面损失。</p>\n\n<p>这种现象已经引起华尔街策略师及大型资产管理机构注意。路透旗下Breakingviews近期指出, SpaceX与Anthropic本身仍处于巨额投资阶段, 却透过其投资者的帐面收益对标普500企业获利增长产生重大影响, 显示AI产业的资本、股权及获利之间已形成高度循环的关系。</p>\n\n<p>高盛美股首席策略师Ben Snider表示, 投资人数年前便开始关注大型科技企业之间可能形成的循环效应, 核心问题是这些企业公布的获利增长究竟反映真实市场需求, 还是部分受到企业彼此投资及估值提升的影响。</p>\n\n<p>法国兴业银行美股策略主管Manish Kabra则认为, 大额股权投资收益让市场开始重新思考「盈利质量」, 并指出相关疑虑已促使市场对这些公司的估值标准有所调整, 市盈率由约25倍降至约20倍。</p>\n\n<p>北欧资产管理机构Nordea Asset Management固收与股票首席投资官Kasper Elmgreen也警告, 上半年业绩可能高估了部分大型科技企业可持续的盈利能力, AI投资收益具有明显的循环特征, 因此需要对相关获利保持警惕。</p>\n\n<p>花旗美股策略师Scott Chronert则指出, 今年的大额一次性股权重估推高了科技企业的获利基数。如果明年没有相同规模的估值重估事件, 企业获利成长可能反而转为负值, 为后续财报带来业绩基数过高的风险。</p>\n\n<p>Federated Hermes全球股票组合经理Louise Dudley则认为, 这些估值调整的规模已大到无法忽视, 确实增加额外风险。不过, 她也指出, 大型科技企业积极投资及与高成长AI企业合作, 本身仍具有一定战略价值。</p>\n\n<p>市场因此面临一个关键问题: AI投资究竟是在创造真正的经济价值, 还是在大型科技企业之间形成资金与估值互相推升的循环。近年大型科技企业一方面投入数千亿美元建设AI资料中心、采购GPU及扩大云端容量, 另一方面又透过股权投资取得AI新创企业的股份, 使资本支出与投资收益开始在同一产业链中相互交织。</p>\n\n<p>这种现象并不代表大型科技企业的核心业务已经失去增长动力。以亚马逊为例, AWS第二季营收达422亿美元, 年增37%, AWS营业利润也由去年同期102亿美元升至166亿美元, 显示AI需求确实正在转化为云端业务的实际收入及利润。</p>\n\n<p>辉达则更加直接地反映AI需求。公司近期财测显示, 2027年营收增长预期达70%, 远高于市场原本约40%的共识, 显示AI加速器需求仍然强劲。因此, 对投资人而言, 真正需要区分的并非「AI获利是真是假」, 而是哪些获利来自主营业务, 哪些则来自投资组合估值上升。</p>\n\n<p>分析师普遍认为, 美国大型科技企业的基本面目前仍相对稳健, 但AI投资收益的不规则出现, 正让财报解读变得更加复杂。当OpenAI、Anthropic及SpaceX等AI相关企业估值持续上升时, 其股东可能获得巨额帐面收益; 一旦估值周期反转, 同一机制也可能反过来拖累科技巨头的获利。</p>\n\n<p>因此, 市场接下来除了关注营收、营业利润及自由现金流等传统指标外, 也将更加重视「其他收入」的来源及可持续性。对大型科技企业而言, AI投资是否能最终转化为可持续的产品收入、云端营收及现金流, 将比单季出现多少帐面浮盈更能决定AI热潮究竟具备多少真实成色。</p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-18421.html\" title=\"两大隐密讯号揭露 美债抛售潮可能接近尾声\">两大隐密讯号揭露 美债抛售潮可能接近尾声</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8159.html\" title=\"AI资料中心需求扩散到电信业!Verizon上修全年财测拿下Google逾10亿美元光纤合约\">AI资料中心需求扩散到电信业!Verizon上修全年财测拿下Google逾10亿美元光纤合约</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-5303.html\" title=\"美股重点新闻摘要2026年7月7日\">美股重点新闻摘要2026年7月7日</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-7694.html\" title=\"9亿股潜在卖压来了!SpaceX首份财报8月4日登场\">9亿股潜在卖压来了!SpaceX首份财报8月4日登场</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-2143.html\" title=\"美国经济只是表面强韧?华尔街策略师:股市内部已释放衰退讯号\">美国经济只是表面强韧?华尔街策略师:股市内部已释放衰退讯号</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-16207.html\" title=\"联准会睽违3年首度升息美股震荡收低、道琼重挫631点\">联准会睽违3年首度升息美股震荡收低、道琼重挫631点</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-09-01T04:05:26.000Z",
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