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「10年AI需求能见度」遭质疑!分析师示警:记忆体、ABF载板成关键瓶颈

2026-09-28 15:10:41 网络 阅读(2)

市场对超大型云端业者持续扩大人工智慧(AI)资本支出的预期高涨,但一名资深分析师认为,业界宣称拥有长达10年的需求能见度并不可信。随着AI基础设施持续扩张,限制算力发展的因素也已不再只是GPU供应,记忆体成本、电力基础设施及ABF载板产能等环节同样可能成为关键瓶颈。

「10年AI需求能见度」遭质疑!分析师示警:记忆体、ABF载板成关键瓶颈

长期跟踪AI基础设施建设的匿名分析师、P Equity Research背后的操刀人Mr. P在近日最新一期Logan Jastremski Podcast节目中表示,超大型云端服务商不可能准确预测两年后的需求,更遑论掌握长达10年的需求。

他认为,目前市场将云端业者持续增加资本支出视为可长期延续的趋势,但这样的假设未必成立,支出最终仍可能放缓。

尽管Mr. P不认为AI资本支出能无限成长,但他指出,短期内AI对记忆体的需求仍十分强劲。随着资料中心的工作负载逐渐从模型训练转向推理,HBM、DRAM及NAND等记忆体产品的重要性进一步提高。

他估计,超大型云端服务商明年的资本支出可能达到1.1兆至1.2兆美元,其中记忆体支出可能占50%至60%,约5000亿至7000亿美元。

瑞银(UBS)甚至估计,明年超大型云端服务商单在记忆体上的支出就可能达到9000亿美元,简直比今年所有超大型云厂商的资本支出总和还要多。

面对AI需求快速增加,记忆体业者也积极推动长期供应协议(LTA)。Mr. P透露,三星电子(005930KS) 已开始收到长达10年的合约要求。

不过,他引述一名曾任职三星及超微半导体(AMD-US) 的业界人士说法指出,这类长约的实际约束力可能被市场过度解读。

该名业界人士认为,一旦需求突然下滑,部分长期合约可能在双方协商下取消,而不一定产生违约金。若客户被迫接收已不再需要的记忆体产品,最终可能形成库存累积,并对后续数年营收造成冲击。

GPU不是唯一瓶颈 ABF载板与电力供应成新限制

至于AI算力供应是否不足,目前市场仍存在不同看法。Mr. P则从市场价格及租赁行情观察AI晶片的供应状况,指出即使是较旧的GPU,目前仍具有相对较高的租赁及转售价格。

他表示,H100二手价格目前仍可达2.5万美元,B系列GPU每小时租金也已由约5美元升至7至8美元,显示市场仍存在算力需求。此外,部分晶片的使用年限也被大幅延长,甚至可能达到10年。

不过,Mr. P引述超微半导体业界专家的看法指出,原始晶片供应本身并非唯一限制,真正的瓶颈已延伸至资料中心电力、高阶封装及记忆体。

从Vera Rubin架构的物料清单来看,ABF载板、PCB及记忆体等零组件的价格涨幅尤其明显。其中ABF载板产能相当吃紧,供应限制可能持续至2028年甚至2030年以后。

他并指出,戴尔科技(DELL-US) 、惠普(HPQ-US) 、辉达(NVDA-US) 及博通(AVGO-US) 近期业绩均将DRAM、NAND、ABF载板及晶圆列为产能限制因素。

能源供应同样成为资料中心扩张的限制。Mr. P指出,三菱、西门子及GE Vernova(GEV-US) 的燃气轮机订单已排到2030年以后,若目前下单,可能要等到2030年才能取得设备。

光通讯长期取代铜缆 CPO普及恐待2030年后

在资料中心网路连接方面,铜缆与光通讯的竞争也持续升温。Mr. P认为,从长期来看,光通讯仍将成为主要技术方向,但铜缆在未来数年仍不会迅速退出市场。

他表示,在2027年以前,铜与光学技术仍将并存,超大型云端服务商也会尽可能延长铜缆的使用周期。其中一项原因是记忆体成本高昂,业者需要在其他基础设施环节控制支出。

至于共封装光学(CPO),Mr. P认为目前仍面临成本、良率及散热等问题,近封装光学(NPO)可能在2027年率先出现较多应用,CPO则可能在2028年至2029年开始扩大产能,但渗透率仍将维持在较低水准。

他预期,CPO真正取得主导地位可能要等到2030年以后。

至于对于美国部分人士主张基于安全考量放慢尖端AI模型开发速度,Mr. P则认为这项做法缺乏商业上的合理性。他表示,若仅因安全因素而放缓研发进度,可能反而让竞争对手取得更多市场占有率。

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AI瓶颈已扩至电力、ABF载板、记忆体与封装;CPO恐到2030年后才主导,铜缆未来数年仍并存。",
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    "content": "\n<p>市场对超大型云端业者持续扩大人工智慧(AI)资本支出的预期高涨,但一名资深分析师认为,业界宣称拥有长达10年的需求能见度并不可信。随着AI基础设施持续扩张,限制算力发展的因素也已不再只是GPU供应,记忆体成本、电力基础设施及ABF载板产能等环节同样可能成为关键瓶颈。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6617009/l/3bfe57ce4f5a04f347fe1be000db390d.jpg\" alt=\"「10年AI需求能见度」遭质疑!分析师示警:记忆体、ABF载板成关键瓶颈\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>长期跟踪AI基础设施建设的匿名分析师、P Equity Research背后的操刀人Mr. P在近日最新一期Logan Jastremski Podcast节目中表示,超大型云端服务商不可能准确预测两年后的需求,更遑论掌握长达10年的需求。</p>\n\n<p>他认为,目前市场将云端业者持续增加资本支出视为可长期延续的趋势,但这样的假设未必成立,支出最终仍可能放缓。</p>\n\n<p>尽管Mr. P不认为AI资本支出能无限成长,但他指出,短期内AI对记忆体的需求仍十分强劲。随着资料中心的工作负载逐渐从模型训练转向推理,HBM、DRAM及NAND等记忆体产品的重要性进一步提高。</p>\n\n<p>他估计,超大型云端服务商明年的资本支出可能达到1.1兆至1.2兆美元,其中记忆体支出可能占50%至60%,约5000亿至7000亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>瑞银(UBS)甚至估计,明年超大型云端服务商单在记忆体上的支出就可能达到9000亿美元,简直比今年所有超大型云厂商的资本支出总和还要多<span>。</span></p>\n\n<p>面对AI需求快速增加,记忆体业者也积极推动长期供应协议(LTA)。Mr. P透露,三星电子(<a data-symbol-template=\"GF:005930KS:FUTURES:STOCK\" href=\"#\">005930KS</a>) 已开始收到长达10年的合约要求。</p>\n\n<p>不过,他引述一名曾任职三星及超微半导体(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AMD:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AMD-US</a>) 的业界人士说法指出,这类长约的实际约束力可能被市场过度解读。</p>\n\n<p>该名业界人士认为,一旦需求突然下滑,部分长期合约可能在双方协商下取消,而不一定产生违约金。若客户被迫接收已不再需要的记忆体产品,最终可能形成库存累积,并对后续数年营收造成冲击。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>GPU</strong><strong>不是唯一</strong><strong>瓶</strong><strong>颈</strong><strong> ABF</strong><strong>载板与电力供应成新限制</strong></h6>\n\n<p>至于AI算力供应是否不足,目前市场仍存在不同看法。Mr. P则从市场价格及租赁行情观察AI晶片的供应状况,指出即使是较旧的GPU,目前仍具有相对较高的租赁及转售价格。</p>\n\n<p>他表示,H100二手价格目前仍可达2.5万美元,B系列GPU每小时租金也已由约5美元升至7至8美元,显示市场仍存在算力需求。此外,部分晶片的使用年限也被大幅延长,甚至可能达到10年。</p>\n\n<p>不过,Mr. P引述超微半导体业界专家的看法指出,原始晶片供应本身并非唯一限制,真正的瓶颈已延伸至资料中心电力、高阶封装及记忆体。</p>\n\n<p>从Vera Rubin架构的物料清单来看,ABF载板、PCB及记忆体等零组件的价格涨幅尤其明显。其中ABF载板产能相当吃紧,供应限制可能持续至2028年甚至2030年以后。</p>\n\n<p>他并指出,戴尔科技(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:DELL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">DELL-US</a>) 、惠普(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:HPQ:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">HPQ-US</a>) 、辉达(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:NVDA:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">NVDA-US</a>) 及博通(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AVGO:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AVGO-US</a>) 近期业绩均将DRAM、NAND、ABF载板及晶圆列为产能限制因素。</p>\n\n<p>能源供应同样成为资料中心扩张的限制。Mr. P指出,三菱、西门子及GE Vernova(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:GEV:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">GEV-US</a>) 的燃气轮机订单已排到2030年以后,若目前下单,可能要等到2030年才能取得设备。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>光通</strong><strong>讯</strong><strong>长期取代铜缆</strong><strong> CPO</strong><strong>普及恐待</strong><strong>2030</strong><strong>年后</strong></h6>\n\n<p>在资料中心网路连接方面,铜缆与光通讯的竞争也持续升温。Mr. P认为,从长期来看,光通讯仍将成为主要技术方向,但铜缆在未来数年仍不会迅速退出市场。</p>\n\n<p>他表示,在2027年以前,铜与光学技术仍将并存,超大型云端服务商也会尽可能延长铜缆的使用周期。其中一项原因是记忆体成本高昂,业者需要在其他基础设施环节控制支出。</p>\n\n<p>至于共封装光学(CPO),Mr. P认为目前仍面临成本、良率及散热等问题,近封装光学(NPO)可能在2027年率先出现较多应用,CPO则可能在2028年至2029年开始扩大产能,但渗透率仍将维持在较低水准。</p>\n\n<p>他预期,CPO真正取得主导地位可能要等到2030年以后。</p>\n\n<p>至于对于美国部分人士主张基于安全考量放慢尖端AI模型开发速度,Mr. P则认为这项做法缺乏商业上的合理性。他表示,若仅因安全因素而放缓研发进度,可能反而让竞争对手取得更多市场占有率。</p>\n\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-1848.html\" title=\"辉达与SK海力士宣布多年技术合作!共研下一代AI记忆体、支持AI工厂建设\">辉达与SK海力士宣布多年技术合作!共研下一代AI记忆体、支持AI工厂建设</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-2102.html\" title=\"SpaceX上市在即!美国多所大学捐赠基金迎来「羡慕的烦恼」\">SpaceX上市在即!美国多所大学捐赠基金迎来「羡慕的烦恼」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-1917.html\" title=\"苹果将迎「特纳斯时代」!库克WWDC推新Siri、升级AI战略 但华尔街为何不买帐?\">苹果将迎「特纳斯时代」!库克WWDC推新Siri、升级AI战略 但华尔街为何不买帐?</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6587.html\" title=\"Fed若升息美股怎么走?高盛:短线震荡 长线报酬仍偏正向 \">Fed若升息美股怎么走?高盛:短线震荡 长线报酬仍偏正向 </a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-13055.html\" title=\"辉达毛利率前景明朗 高盛上调目标价至300美元\">辉达毛利率前景明朗 高盛上调目标价至300美元</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-5289.html\" title=\"产业前五将大洗牌!瑞银:AI基础设施股价值已超车7巨头 明年经济利润1.4兆美元\">产业前五将大洗牌!瑞银:AI基础设施股价值已超车7巨头 明年经济利润1.4兆美元</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-09-28T06:10:04.000Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-09-28T07:10:41.000Z"
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