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9月AI债券融资突「急冻」!全球发行额仅230亿美元、大摩估Q4回温

2026-10-03 19:08:06 网络 阅读(1)

全球人工智慧(AI)融资热潮9月明显降温,债券市场发行规模大幅收缩。根据摩根士丹利,9月全球AI相关债券发行额仅约230亿美元,为今年次低水准,美国投资级市场更出现零发行的情况。

9月AI债券融资突「急冻」!全球发行额仅230亿美元、大摩估Q4回温

不过,摩根士丹利认为,这波降温属于「暂停而非退潮」,并非AI产业基本面恶化或资金短缺所致,而是前期融资过度集中、资料中心建设受阻,以及利率快速上升等因素共同影响。

该行预期,第四季AI债券发行将逐步回升,但难以重现上半年爆发式成长。

尽管近期融资动能放缓,今年AI债券市场规模仍持续扩大。截至9月底,全球AI相关债券累计发行额已达4,660亿美元,是去年全年2,160亿美元的两倍以上。

AI债券发行为何急冻?三大因素拖累融资动能

今年AI债券发行节奏呈现明显的前高后低。6月单月发行额达1,130亿美元,创下今年高峰,之后便逐月下滑。

摩根士丹利指出,主要云端服务业者已在上半年大量筹资,加上发行人开始调整融资节奏,近期供给自然趋缓。

今年Google(GOOGL-US) 、亚马逊(AMZN-US) 、Meta(META-US) 及微软(MSFT-US) 等四大高信用评级超大型云端业者,在投资级债券市场的发行规模约1,320亿美元,年增约25倍。

若纳入甲骨文(ORCL-US) 及SpaceX(SPCX-US) ,六大超大型业者今年全球债券发行额已达约2,540亿美元,且大部分集中在上半年。

9月美国投资级市场的AI债券发行直接归零,非美元市场则仍有部分交易。亚马逊当月发行一笔总额42.5亿英镑的四批次债券。

此外,杠杆融资市场也有一定活动,包括软银集团发行约100亿美元高收益债券,以及AI资料中心营运商Crusoe取得约5亿美元贷款,使9月杠杆融资总额约达140亿美元。

除融资前置效应外,资料中心建设面临的监管与政治阻力,也成为市场降温的另一项因素。

摩根士丹利先前以「三个P」概括资料中心扩建面临的挑战,分别是人力(People)、电力(Power)与政治(Politics)。从建设许可、电力供应到地方政治阻力,相关限制正逐渐从潜在风险转为实际的建设瓶颈。

利率走升则进一步增加融资难度。随着债券殖利率大幅上扬,部分专案融资交易可能需要重新协商条件,信用评级较低的发行人及仰赖专案融资的业者,对资金成本变化尤其敏感。

大摩估Q4发行回升 2027年资本支出成关键推力

展望第四季,摩根士丹利预期,AI债券发行规模将高于9月,但不会像去年一样集中在年底爆发。该行预计,高信用评级超大型云端业者将重返美国投资级债券市场,同时持续透过非美元市场筹资。

今年超大型云端业者的非美元债券发行额已达约720亿美元,接近全球同业发行总额的三分之一。

与去年主要集中于美元及欧元不同,今年发行币别已扩大至加币、英镑、瑞郎、澳币及日圆。摩根士丹利预期,第四季还会有欧元债券交易加入。

至于资料中心专案融资,发行时程仍存在较大不确定性。摩根士丹利已将今年资产担保证券(ABS)及商业不动产担保证券(CMBS)发行预估下修至250亿至300亿美元,意味第四季仍有约50亿至100亿美元的潜在发行空间。

推动第四季融资回温的另一项关键,在于2027年资本支出预期。摩根士丹利预估,六大超大型云端业者2027年合计资本支出将达约1.4兆美元,明显高于市场普遍预估的1兆至1.1兆美元。

随着科技业者第三季财报预计于10月陆续公布,若企业进一步上修资本支出计划,将直接带动新的融资需求。

不过,利率走高对大型云端业者的影响相对有限。摩根士丹利指出,这些企业的投入资本报酬率(ROIC)前景强劲,且债务融资成本仍低于股权融资成本,使其对利率上升具有较高承受能力。

从财务结构来看,六大超大型业者整体杠杆率仅1.3倍,净杠杆率为0.4倍,现金与债务比率达132%,信用评级中位数为AA-,显示大型科技企业仍具备充裕的资产负债表空间。

大摩:年底最大考验在宏观环境 非AI债券供给过剩

尽管AI融资规模庞大,摩根士丹利认为,投资级信用市场年底前面临的主要挑战,并非AI债券供给过剩,而是整体宏观经济环境与利率变化。

今年以来,投资级债券总报酬率已下跌3%,单季报酬率则下跌4%,回撤幅度已达可能引发共同基金及ETF大规模赎回的程度。过去五年多次利率重新定价,已反复冲击信用利差与资金流向,市场对利率波动仍相当敏感。

不过,摩根士丹利认为,信用市场整体仍有能力消化殖利率上升的压力,原因在于名目经济成长率维持在6%以上,企业获利成长更为强劲,为利率走高提供基本面支撑。

在货币政策方面,摩根士丹利经济学家预期,美国联准会(Fed)仅会再升息两次,低于市场目前定价所反映的接近四次升息预期。

至于不同类型的AI相关债务,摩根士丹利重申偏好有担保资产,这类资产约占AI相关债务的30%。

资料中心有担保债券的利差波动,主要受到建设风险影响,包括许可延误、电力供应不足及租约不确定性等。

不过,对已进入稳定营运阶段的ABS及CMBS资产而言,相关风险带来的冲击相对较小。

此外,晶片融资因资产特性,能够更快产生现金流并偿还本金,但目前公开交易的相关金融商品仍相对有限。

展望更长期,摩根士丹利认为,超大型云端业者信用利差进一步收敛的空间可能已相对有限。

随着债券发行节奏逐渐稳定,企业资本支出转向晶片等存续期间较短的资产,加上AI投资持续展现强劲回报,进一步印证业者扩大投资的合理性。

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      "id": 71,
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      "name": "经纪商 ",
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截至9月底AI债券累计4660亿美元、年增逾2倍;大摩估六大云端业者2027年资本支出约1.4兆美元。",
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    "content": "<p>全球人工智慧(AI)融资热潮9月明显降温,债券市场发行规模大幅收缩。根据摩根士丹利,9月全球AI相关债券发行额仅约230亿美元,为今年次低水准,美国投资级市场更出现零发行的情况。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6621025/l/22522e7c1fa38dbe3a8711b480879046.jpg\" alt=\"9月AI债券融资突「急冻」!全球发行额仅230亿美元、大摩估Q4回温\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>不过,摩根士丹利认为,这波降温属于「暂停而非退潮」,并非AI产业基本面恶化或资金短缺所致,而是前期融资过度集中、资料中心建设受阻,以及利率快速上升等因素共同影响。</p>\n\n<p>该行预期,第四季AI债券发行将逐步回升,但难以重现上半年爆发式成长。</p>\n\n<p>尽管近期融资动能放缓,今年AI债券市场规模仍持续扩大。截至9月底,全球AI相关债券累计发行额已达4,660亿美元,是去年全年2,160亿美元的两倍以上。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>AI</strong><strong>债券发行</strong><strong>为</strong><strong>何急冻?三大因素拖累融资动能</strong></h6>\n\n<p>今年AI债券发行节奏呈现明显的前高后低。6月单月发行额达1,130亿美元,创下今年高峰,之后便逐月下滑。</p>\n\n<p>摩根士丹利指出,主要云端服务业者已在上半年大量筹资,加上发行人开始调整融资节奏,近期供给自然趋缓。</p>\n\n<p>今年Google(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:GOOGL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">GOOGL-US</a>) 、亚马逊(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AMZN:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AMZN-US</a>) 、Meta(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:META:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">META-US</a>) 及微软(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:MSFT:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">MSFT-US</a>) 等四大高信用评级超大型云端业者,在投资级债券市场的发行规模约1,320亿美元,年增约25倍。</p>\n\n<p>若纳入甲骨文(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:ORCL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">ORCL-US</a>) 及SpaceX(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:SPCX:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">SPCX-US</a>) ,六大超大型业者今年全球债券发行额已达约2,540亿美元,且大部分集中在上半年。</p>\n\n<p>9月美国投资级市场的AI债券发行直接归零,非美元市场则仍有部分交易。亚马逊当月发行一笔总额42.5亿英镑的四批次债券。</p>\n\n<p>此外,杠杆融资市场也有一定活动,包括软银集团发行约100亿美元高收益债券,以及AI资料中心营运商Crusoe取得约5亿美元贷款,使9月杠杆融资总额约达140亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>除融资前置效应外,资料中心建设面临的监管与政治阻力,也成为市场降温的另一项因素。</p>\n\n<p>摩根士丹利先前以「三个P」概括资料中心扩建面临的挑战,分别是人力(People)、电力(Power)与政治(Politics)。从建设许可、电力供应到地方政治阻力,相关限制正逐渐从潜在风险转为实际的建设瓶颈。</p>\n\n<p>利率走升则进一步增加融资难度。随着债券殖利率大幅上扬,部分专案融资交易可能需要重新协商条件,信用评级较低的发行人及仰赖专案融资的业者,对资金成本变化尤其敏感。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>大摩估</strong><strong>Q4</strong><strong>发行回升</strong><strong> 2027</strong><strong>年资本支出成关键推力</strong></h6>\n\n<p>展望第四季,摩根士丹利预期,AI债券发行规模将高于9月,但不会像去年一样集中在年底爆发。该行预计,高信用评级超大型云端业者将重返美国投资级债券市场,同时持续透过非美元市场筹资。</p>\n\n<p>今年超大型云端业者的非美元债券发行额已达约720亿美元,接近全球同业发行总额的三分之一。</p>\n\n<p>与去年主要集中于美元及欧元不同,今年发行币别已扩大至加币、英镑、瑞郎、澳币及日圆。摩根士丹利预期,第四季还会有欧元债券交易加入。</p>\n\n<p>至于资料中心专案融资,发行时程仍存在较大不确定性。摩根士丹利已将今年资产担保证券(ABS)及商业不动产担保证券(CMBS)发行预估下修至250亿至300亿美元,意味第四季仍有约50亿至100亿美元的潜在发行空间。</p>\n\n<p>推动第四季融资回温的另一项关键,在于2027年资本支出预期。摩根士丹利预估,六大超大型云端业者2027年合计资本支出将达约1.4兆美元,明显高于市场普遍预估的1兆至1.1兆美元。</p>\n\n<p>随着科技业者第三季财报预计于10月陆续公布,若企业进一步上修资本支出计划,将直接带动新的融资需求。</p>\n\n<p>不过,利率走高对大型云端业者的影响相对有限。摩根士丹利指出,这些企业的投入资本报酬率(ROIC)前景强劲,且债务融资成本仍低于股权融资成本,使其对利率上升具有较高承受能力。</p>\n\n<p>从财务结构来看,六大超大型业者整体杠杆率仅1.3倍,净杠杆率为0.4倍,现金与债务比率达132%,信用评级中位数为AA-,显示大型科技企业仍具备充裕的资产负债表空间。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>大摩:年底最大考验在宏观环境</strong><strong> </strong><strong>非</strong><strong>AI</strong><strong>债券供给过剩</strong></h6>\n\n<p>尽管AI融资规模庞大,摩根士丹利认为,投资级信用市场年底前面临的主要挑战,并非AI债券供给过剩,而是整体宏观经济环境与利率变化。</p>\n\n<p>今年以来,投资级债券总报酬率已下跌3%,单季报酬率则下跌4%,回撤幅度已达可能引发共同基金及ETF大规模赎回的程度。过去五年多次利率重新定价,已反复冲击信用利差与资金流向,市场对利率波动仍相当敏感。</p>\n\n<p>不过,摩根士丹利认为,信用市场整体仍有能力消化殖利率上升的压力,原因在于名目经济成长率维持在6%以上,企业获利成长更为强劲,为利率走高提供基本面支撑。</p>\n\n<p>在货币政策方面,摩根士丹利经济学家预期,美国联准会(Fed)仅会再升息两次,低于市场目前定价所反映的接近四次升息预期。</p>\n\n<p>至于不同类型的AI相关债务,摩根士丹利重申偏好有担保资产,这类资产约占AI相关债务的30%。</p>\n\n<p>资料中心有担保债券的利差波动,主要受到建设风险影响,包括许可延误、电力供应不足及租约不确定性等。</p>\n\n<p>不过,对已进入稳定营运阶段的ABS及CMBS资产而言,相关风险带来的冲击相对较小。</p>\n\n<p>此外,晶片融资因资产特性,能够更快产生现金流并偿还本金,但目前公开交易的相关金融商品仍相对有限。</p>\n\n<p>展望更长期,摩根士丹利认为,超大型云端业者信用利差进一步收敛的空间可能已相对有限。</p>\n\n<p>随着债券发行节奏逐渐稳定,企业资本支出转向晶片等存续期间较短的资产,加上AI投资持续展现强劲回报,进一步印证业者扩大投资的合理性。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6161.html\" title=\"散户不玩标普500了?美股「追热门就跑」成新常态\">散户不玩标普500了?美股「追热门就跑」成新常态</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8565.html\" title=\"美股危险讯号齐亮!1.5兆美元杠杆恐加剧市场震荡\">美股危险讯号齐亮!1.5兆美元杠杆恐加剧市场震荡</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3366.html\" title=\"可口可乐与美国国税局爆发200亿美元税务大战 或将改写跨国企业规则\">可口可乐与美国国税局爆发200亿美元税务大战 或将改写跨国企业规则</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-13666.html\" title=\"纽约时报广场随机砍人 美国银行32岁副总裁被刺身亡\">纽约时报广场随机砍人 美国银行32岁副总裁被刺身亡</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4153.html\" title=\"算力不足!Google限制Meta使用Gemini 、Meta部分AI专案遭延宕\">算力不足!Google限制Meta使用Gemini 、Meta部分AI专案遭延宕</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4872.html\" title=\"非农爆冷反成股市利多?华尔街:Fed升息压力减轻 但通膨仍是最大变数\">非农爆冷反成股市利多?华尔街:Fed升息压力减轻 但通膨仍是最大变数</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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