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黄仁勋离场冲击AI融资!华尔街警告:将引爆「AI版量化紧缩」

2026-11-16 06:22:07 网络 阅读(1)

辉达(NVDA-US) 董事长黄仁勋突然离场,冲击的不只是公司高层人事,也让整个人工智慧(AI)产业的融资模式面临考验。过去三年,辉达透过股权投资、信用担保及回购协议,为AI实验室、新兴云端服务商(neocloud)与供应链业者提供资金支持,逐渐形成一套规模庞大的循环融资体系。如今,随着黄仁勋离开,市场开始质疑,这套仰赖其个人影响力推动的资金网络能否延续。

黄仁勋离场冲击AI融资!华尔街警告:将引爆「AI版量化紧缩」

黄仁勋离职消息公布后,辉达股价盘中一度重挫逾13%,终场跌幅收敛至约4%。高盛、瑞银(UBS)、William Blair等14家卖方机构随后陆续调降评等或目标价,关注焦点不再只是辉达下一季的营运表现,而是公司是否还会持续扮演AI产业的资金提供者。

对高度仰赖辉达资金支持的新兴云端服务商而言,影响尤其直接。CoreWeave(CRWV-US) 当日股价下跌11%,而该公司同一天正向市场推介一笔规模逾40亿美元的投资级贷款,据悉辉达是这笔贷款的担保方。

目前,辉达财务长克雷斯(Colette Kress)接任临时执行长,并继续兼任财务长。华尔街关注的核心问题在于,管理层更替后,辉达是否仍会维持过去的融资承诺与信用支持,或开始转向更保守的资本配置。

股权投资、担保与回购协议 辉达打造循环融资网络

辉达在AI产业的资金布局,规模远超一般投资人认知。根据资料,截至今年7月26日,辉达持有的股权投资规模达990亿美元,约为一年前的13倍;此外,还有1,085亿美元的担保承诺,以及560亿美元的AI云端回购协议与第三方租约。

投资对象涵盖AI实验室、新兴云端服务商及供应链企业。AI实验室方面,辉达今年3月向OpenAI投资300亿美元,承诺对Anthropic投资最高100亿美元,并于7月向Safe Superintelligence投资约50亿美元。

新兴云端服务商方面,辉达今年1月向CoreWeave投资20亿美元,3月则向Nebius(NBIS-US) 预付20亿美元认股权证。供应链布局方面,辉达向英特尔(INTC-US) 投资50亿美元,目前这笔投资市值约300亿美元;另向Coherent(COHR-US) 、Lumentum(LITE-US) 、迈威尔科技(MRVL-US) 及新思科技(SNPS-US) 各投资20亿美元。

这套模式的核心,是辉达先透过股权或其他资金安排支持客户及合作伙伴,再由对方承诺采购辉达硬体,让资金以GPU订单形式回流。

以OpenAI在俄亥俄州的园区计划为例,辉达提供的担保额度上限为1,050亿美元,并附带额外38亿瓦的算力选项。

辉达财务长曾说明,该园区每部署一代辉达基础设施,约相当于150万颗GPU,可能带来约1,500亿至2,000亿美元的辉达营收。换言之,辉达以租金担保支持园区建设,换取未来长达20年的晶片销售机会。

若将辉达10-Q财报附注中的各项承诺加总,未来承诺金额达3,660亿美元,其中供应与产能采购承诺占2,790亿美元,且仅三个月内就从1,190亿美元大幅增加;另有560亿美元的额外承诺,以及1,085亿美元担保,合计达5,305亿美元。

这些数字尚未计入990亿美元的股权投资,也不包括黄仁勋今年8月与阿波罗、贝莱德(BLK-US) 、黑石(BX-US) 、Brookfield、高盛(GS-US) 及KKR(KKR-US) 共同推出的5,000亿美元融资平台。辉达在该平台中承诺,最高可提供交易金额25%的兜底支持,相当于1,250亿美元。

Panmure Liberum曾指出,「辉达银行」既是辉达的竞争优势,也带来信用风险:公司将大量自由现金流投入一个仍在寻找获利模式的产业。

高盛、瑞银示警融资收缩 AI产业恐面临「量化紧缩」

黄仁勋离场后,华尔街开始将焦点从辉达本身转向其资金支持可能收缩,对整个AI产业造成的连锁影响。

高盛分析师James Schneider维持辉达买进评等,但将目标价从300美元下调至220美元。他指出,辉达已经做出的承诺仍会履行,真正的问题在于下一轮投资与融资交易能否继续推进。少了黄仁勋的个人愿景、人脉及整合各方的能力,辉达要再推动新的多方生态系投资,难度可能提高。

高盛也指出,辉达股价此前已出现明显折价,部分原因是市场早已开始反映一种风险:一旦供应商融资停止,AI基础设施的成长可能迅速放缓。

瑞银分析师Tim Arcuri则将融资问题列为黄仁勋离场后的三大影响之一。他估计,辉达每季约有500亿至600亿美元自由现金流,其中相当大一部分会透过不同形式回流客户、供应商及新兴云端服务商。即使只是暂时停止这类资金支持,也可能在关键时刻让AI生态系统失去超过500亿美元资金,形同由一份新闻稿触发的「AI版量化紧缩」。

William Blair分析师Sebastien Naji则将辉达评等下调至「与大盘表现一致」,认为现有合约不会因执行长更替而受到影响,但下一轮交易能否成形仍充满不确定性,这也关系到辉达能否在2027年及之后维持市场占有率。

竞争对手则可能趁势扩大布局。博通(AVGO-US) 已在Anthropic两笔晶片融资交易中,分别提供最高72.5%的兜底比例,远高于辉达融资平台最高25%的支持水准。

5000亿美元融资平台尚未成交 合作伙伴要求提高担保

据《彭博》报导,黄仁勋今年8月与六家大型资产管理机构共同推出的5,000亿美元融资平台,至今尚未完成任何交易。

辉达先前提供的残值支持,最高可达交易规模的25%;但过去一个月,部分客户及华尔街合作伙伴已要求提高担保比例,理由是博通愿意提供更高程度的支持。

按照较乐观的估计,该平台最快也要到明年1月才可能公布首笔交易,但仍取决于黄仁勋离职是否影响相关谈判进度。

随着管理层更替,市场参与者也开始重新检视既有交易条件。Raymond James全球私人资本顾问主管Sunaina Sinha Haldea接受《CNBC》访问时表示,管理层变动为所有相关机构提供了暂停及重新检视条款的机会。她认为资金不至于因此撤离,但投资人可能要求更高的不确定性溢价,进而推升整个辉达融资网络下游的信用利差。

Saxo首席投资策略师Charu Chanana则指出,AI融资领域目前尚未出现融资危机,但在债务规模持续扩大、循环融资结构及投资回报不确定性受到质疑之际,黄仁勋离场可能成为市场重新评估整个AI生态系统风险的催化剂。

Kress接掌临时执行长 过去曾试图约束融资扩张

《华尔街日报》报导,今年8月,黄仁勋曾召集核心财务主管开会,讨论辉达正与部分无力负担其晶片成本的企业洽谈数十亿美元担保的问题。

部分交易由黄仁勋女婿Nico Caprez主导。Caprez今年1月升任副总裁,曾向新兴云端服务商及资料中心开发商表示,辉达可以在数周内安排信用支持,换取对方营收分成,随后吸引数十家公司前来洽谈。

报导指出,当时黄仁勋曾在会议中打断克雷斯的简报,批评她像是「车灯前的鹿」(a deer in the headlights),并称她只是一名负责报告的财务长,而非能够参与制定公司策略的高阶主管。

然而,根据《华尔街日报》、《路透》及《The Information》报导,克雷斯其实是公司扩张融资期间,少数持续追问担保价值的高阶主管。她曾将辉达对OpenAI的初始承诺金额砍半,也曾试图限制Caprez积极推动交易的作法,并要求厘清交易筛选标准、担保定价及投资回报等问题。

今年10月,辉达已开始逐步收紧融资支持,新交易均须经过高阶主管团队及董事会批准。此外,公司还面临多项外部压力,包括美国司法部针对客户晶片出货情况展开调查、众议院委员会主席要求闭门简报,以及永久董事长人选尚未确定等问题。

新兴云端服务商恐首当其冲 担保收紧将推升融资成本

辉达的信用担保之所以重要,在于能协助信用评级较低的借款人,以投资级债务发行人的条件取得融资。

高盛分析指出,以CoreWeave的延迟提款定期贷款结构为例,客户的信用评级会直接影响特殊目的公司(SPV)可承担的债务规模及融资利率。当辉达提供信用背书、填补信用评级上的落差,原本可能只能以非投资级条件借款的新兴云端服务商,才有机会取得投资级融资利率。

《The Information》报导,Nscale已为德州据点取得8.6亿美元租金担保,并正与辉达洽谈超过50亿美元的信用支持,用于其替Anthropic兴建的西维吉尼亚州园区。辉达提供的担保,是Nscale得以完成融资的重要前提。

一名知情人士向《财富》表示,若资金提供者认为辉达担保的价值已不如一周前,仰赖这类信用支持的新兴云端服务商,业务就可能陷入危机。

高盛「Top of Mind」报告也引述Chamath Palihapitiya对新兴云端服务商的悲观看法。这类企业的损益两平利用率约为70%至75%,目前普遍落在75%至85%的区间。换言之,虽然企业可能已经获利,但收入仍不足以在硬体过时前偿还债务。

市场已有部分迹象。澳洲新兴云端服务商Firmus今年10月先缩减、后撤回IPO计划;CoreWeave发行的欧元债券,交易价格仍约为面额的80%。若辉达进一步收紧担保,债务负担最重的借款人可能率先承受压力。

克雷斯预计于周二(17日)以临时执行长兼财务长身分主持辉达第三季财报电话会议。市场预料,分析师将进一步追问公司未来是否继续提供大规模融资支持。

她的说法,也将成为外界观察辉达究竟会延续过去的融资模式,或转向以管理既有承诺为主的重要讯号。

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          "id": 71,
          "pid": 10,
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      "level": 1
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      "name": "外汇开户",
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              "pid": 34,
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          "id": 35,
          "pid": 10,
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              "id": 50,
              "pid": 35,
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      "id": 32,
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      "name": "外汇平台排名",
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      "pid": 10,
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          "pid": 34,
          "name": "保险入门",
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      "level": 1
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      "id": 35,
      "pid": 10,
      "name": "贵金属",
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      "status": "1",
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          "name": "贵金属入门",
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    "title": "黄仁勋离场冲击AI融资!华尔街警告:将引爆「AI版量化紧缩」",
    "shortTitle": "黄仁勋离场冲击AI融资!华尔街警告:将引爆「AI版量化紧缩」",
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    "description": "黄仁勋突然离场后,辉达股价一度跌逾13%,市场质疑其主导的AI循环融资网络能否延续
辉达截至7/26持有990亿美元股权投资、1,085亿美元担保与560亿美元回购/租约,承诺金额合计达5,305亿美元 
高盛、瑞银等示警若融资收缩,AI生态系恐现「量化紧缩」,新兴云端服务商与下游信用利差将先受冲击",
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    "content": "<p>辉达(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:NVDA:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">NVDA-US</a>) 董事长黄仁勋突然离场,冲击的不只是公司高层人事,也让整个人工智慧(AI)产业的融资模式面临考验。过去三年,辉达透过股权投资、信用担保及回购协议,为AI实验室、新兴云端服务商(neocloud)与供应链业者提供资金支持,逐渐形成一套规模庞大的循环融资体系。如今,随着黄仁勋离开,市场开始质疑,这套仰赖其个人影响力推动的资金网络能否延续。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6662642/l/b894ed36ebd38a084ffd81aee591d427.jpg\" alt=\"黄仁勋离场冲击AI融资!华尔街警告:将引爆「AI版量化紧缩」\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>黄仁勋离职消息公布后,辉达股价盘中一度重挫逾13%,终场跌幅收敛至约4%。高盛、瑞银(UBS)、William Blair等14家卖方机构随后陆续调降评等或目标价,关注焦点不再只是辉达下一季的营运表现,而是公司是否还会持续扮演AI产业的资金提供者。</p>\n\n<p>对高度仰赖辉达资金支持的新兴云端服务商而言,影响尤其直接。CoreWeave(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:CRWV:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">CRWV-US</a>) 当日股价下跌11%,而该公司同一天正向市场推介一笔规模逾40亿美元的投资级贷款,据悉辉达是这笔贷款的担保方。</p>\n\n<p>目前,辉达财务长克雷斯(Colette Kress)接任临时执行长,并继续兼任财务长。华尔街关注的核心问题在于,管理层更替后,辉达是否仍会维持过去的融资承诺与信用支持,或开始转向更保守的资本配置。</p>\n\n<h6>股权投资、担保与回购协议 辉达打造循环融资网络</h6>\n\n<p>辉达在AI产业的资金布局,规模远超一般投资人认知。根据资料,截至今年7月26日,辉达持有的股权投资规模达990亿美元,约为一年前的13倍;此外,还有1,085亿美元的担保承诺,以及560亿美元的AI云端回购协议与第三方租约。</p>\n\n<p>投资对象涵盖AI实验室、新兴云端服务商及供应链企业。AI实验室方面,辉达今年3月向OpenAI投资300亿美元,承诺对Anthropic投资最高100亿美元,并于7月向Safe Superintelligence投资约50亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>新兴云端服务商方面,辉达今年1月向CoreWeave投资20亿美元,3月则向Nebius(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:NBIS:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">NBIS-US</a>) 预付20亿美元认股权证。供应链布局方面,辉达向英特尔(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:INTC:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">INTC-US</a>) 投资50亿美元,目前这笔投资市值约300亿美元;另向Coherent(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:COHR:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">COHR-US</a>) 、Lumentum(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:LITE:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">LITE-US</a>) 、迈威尔科技(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:MRVL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">MRVL-US</a>) 及新思科技(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:SNPS:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">SNPS-US</a>) 各投资20亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>这套模式的核心,是辉达先透过股权或其他资金安排支持客户及合作伙伴,再由对方承诺采购辉达硬体,让资金以GPU订单形式回流。</p>\n\n<p>以OpenAI在俄亥俄州的园区计划为例,辉达提供的担保额度上限为1,050亿美元,并附带额外38亿瓦的算力选项。</p>\n\n<p>辉达财务长曾说明,该园区每部署一代辉达基础设施,约相当于150万颗GPU,可能带来约1,500亿至2,000亿美元的辉达营收。换言之,辉达以租金担保支持园区建设,换取未来长达20年的晶片销售机会。</p>\n\n<p>若将辉达10-Q财报附注中的各项承诺加总,未来承诺金额达3,660亿美元,其中供应与产能采购承诺占2,790亿美元,且仅三个月内就从1,190亿美元大幅增加;另有560亿美元的额外承诺,以及1,085亿美元担保,合计达5,305亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>这些数字尚未计入990亿美元的股权投资,也不包括黄仁勋今年8月与阿波罗、贝莱德(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:BLK:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">BLK-US</a>) 、黑石(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:BX:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">BX-US</a>) 、Brookfield、高盛(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:GS:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">GS-US</a>) 及KKR(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:KKR:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">KKR-US</a>) 共同推出的5,000亿美元融资平台。辉达在该平台中承诺,最高可提供交易金额25%的兜底支持,相当于1,250亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>Panmure Liberum曾指出,「辉达银行」既是辉达的竞争优势,也带来信用风险:公司将大量自由现金流投入一个仍在寻找获利模式的产业。</p>\n\n<h6>高盛、瑞银示警融资收缩 AI产业恐面临「量化紧缩」</h6>\n\n<p>黄仁勋离场后,华尔街开始将焦点从辉达本身转向其资金支持可能收缩,对整个AI产业造成的连锁影响。</p>\n\n<p>高盛分析师James Schneider维持辉达买进评等,但将目标价从300美元下调至220美元。他指出,辉达已经做出的承诺仍会履行,真正的问题在于下一轮投资与融资交易能否继续推进。少了黄仁勋的个人愿景、人脉及整合各方的能力,辉达要再推动新的多方生态系投资,难度可能提高。</p>\n\n<p>高盛也指出,辉达股价此前已出现明显折价,部分原因是市场早已开始反映一种风险:一旦供应商融资停止,AI基础设施的成长可能迅速放缓。</p>\n\n<p>瑞银分析师Tim Arcuri则将融资问题列为黄仁勋离场后的三大影响之一。他估计,辉达每季约有500亿至600亿美元自由现金流,其中相当大一部分会透过不同形式回流客户、供应商及新兴云端服务商。即使只是暂时停止这类资金支持,也可能在关键时刻让AI生态系统失去超过500亿美元资金,形同由一份新闻稿触发的「AI版量化紧缩」。</p>\n\n<p>William Blair分析师Sebastien Naji则将辉达评等下调至「与大盘表现一致」,认为现有合约不会因执行长更替而受到影响,但下一轮交易能否成形仍充满不确定性,这也关系到辉达能否在2027年及之后维持市场占有率。</p>\n\n<p>竞争对手则可能趁势扩大布局。博通(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AVGO:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AVGO-US</a>) 已在Anthropic两笔晶片融资交易中,分别提供最高72.5%的兜底比例,远高于辉达融资平台最高25%的支持水准。</p>\n\n<h6>5000亿美元融资平台尚未成交 合作伙伴要求提高担保</h6>\n\n<p>据《彭博》报导,黄仁勋今年8月与六家大型资产管理机构共同推出的5,000亿美元融资平台,至今尚未完成任何交易。</p>\n\n<p>辉达先前提供的残值支持,最高可达交易规模的25%;但过去一个月,部分客户及华尔街合作伙伴已要求提高担保比例,理由是博通愿意提供更高程度的支持。</p>\n\n<p>按照较乐观的估计,该平台最快也要到明年1月才可能公布首笔交易,但仍取决于黄仁勋离职是否影响相关谈判进度。</p>\n\n<p>随着管理层更替,市场参与者也开始重新检视既有交易条件。Raymond James全球私人资本顾问主管Sunaina Sinha Haldea接受《CNBC》访问时表示,管理层变动为所有相关机构提供了暂停及重新检视条款的机会。她认为资金不至于因此撤离,但投资人可能要求更高的不确定性溢价,进而推升整个辉达融资网络下游的信用利差。</p>\n\n<p>Saxo首席投资策略师Charu Chanana则指出,AI融资领域目前尚未出现融资危机,但在债务规模持续扩大、循环融资结构及投资回报不确定性受到质疑之际,黄仁勋离场可能成为市场重新评估整个AI生态系统风险的催化剂。</p>\n\n<h6>Kress接掌临时执行长 过去曾试图约束融资扩张</h6>\n\n<p>《华尔街日报》报导,今年8月,黄仁勋曾召集核心财务主管开会,讨论辉达正与部分无力负担其晶片成本的企业洽谈数十亿美元担保的问题。</p>\n\n<p>部分交易由黄仁勋女婿Nico Caprez主导。Caprez今年1月升任副总裁,曾向新兴云端服务商及资料中心开发商表示,辉达可以在数周内安排信用支持,换取对方营收分成,随后吸引数十家公司前来洽谈。</p>\n\n<p>报导指出,当时黄仁勋曾在会议中打断克雷斯的简报,批评她像是「车灯前的鹿」(a deer in the headlights),并称她只是一名负责报告的财务长,而非能够参与制定公司策略的高阶主管。</p>\n\n<p>然而,根据《华尔街日报》、《路透》及《The Information》报导,克雷斯其实是公司扩张融资期间,少数持续追问担保价值的高阶主管。她曾将辉达对OpenAI的初始承诺金额砍半,也曾试图限制Caprez积极推动交易的作法,并要求厘清交易筛选标准、担保定价及投资回报等问题。</p>\n\n<p>今年10月,辉达已开始逐步收紧融资支持,新交易均须经过高阶主管团队及董事会批准。此外,公司还面临多项外部压力,包括美国司法部针对客户晶片出货情况展开调查、众议院委员会主席要求闭门简报,以及永久董事长人选尚未确定等问题。</p>\n\n<h6>新兴云端服务商恐首当其冲 担保收紧将推升融资成本</h6>\n\n<p>辉达的信用担保之所以重要,在于能协助信用评级较低的借款人,以投资级债务发行人的条件取得融资。</p>\n\n<p>高盛分析指出,以CoreWeave的延迟提款定期贷款结构为例,客户的信用评级会直接影响特殊目的公司(SPV)可承担的债务规模及融资利率。当辉达提供信用背书、填补信用评级上的落差,原本可能只能以非投资级条件借款的新兴云端服务商,才有机会取得投资级融资利率。</p>\n\n<p>《The Information》报导,Nscale已为德州据点取得8.6亿美元租金担保,并正与辉达洽谈超过50亿美元的信用支持,用于其替Anthropic兴建的西维吉尼亚州园区。辉达提供的担保,是Nscale得以完成融资的重要前提。</p>\n\n<p>一名知情人士向《财富》表示,若资金提供者认为辉达担保的价值已不如一周前,仰赖这类信用支持的新兴云端服务商,业务就可能陷入危机。</p>\n\n<p>高盛「Top of Mind」报告也引述Chamath Palihapitiya对新兴云端服务商的悲观看法。这类企业的损益两平利用率约为70%至75%,目前普遍落在75%至85%的区间。换言之,虽然企业可能已经获利,但收入仍不足以在硬体过时前偿还债务。</p>\n\n<p>市场已有部分迹象。澳洲新兴云端服务商Firmus今年10月先缩减、后撤回IPO计划;CoreWeave发行的欧元债券,交易价格仍约为面额的80%。若辉达进一步收紧担保,债务负担最重的借款人可能率先承受压力。</p>\n\n<p>克雷斯预计于周二(17日)以临时执行长兼财务长身分主持辉达第三季财报电话会议。市场预料,分析师将进一步追问公司未来是否继续提供大规模融资支持。</p>\n\n<p>她的说法,也将成为外界观察辉达究竟会延续过去的融资模式,或转向以管理既有承诺为主的重要讯号。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-17066.html\" title=\"自主AI破功?Muse被曝复杂通话转外包惹隐私风暴  「人工管家」测试紧急喊停\">自主AI破功?Muse被曝复杂通话转外包惹隐私风暴  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