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小摩看好AI超级周期续强!点出下一波红利将流向「这里」

2026-09-11 03:21:38 网络 阅读(112)

针对科技投资圈热议的「AI 资本支出到底还能撑多久」问题,摩根大通最近交出的一份半导体设备产业报告指出,支出不但不会放缓,规模还在持续扩大。

小摩看好AI超级周期续强!点出下一波红利将流向「这里」

AI 资本支出到底还能撑多久看空的一方认为,云端巨头过去两年砸下的天量投资已经超前部署,2026 年势必会出现消化期;看多的一方则反驳,现在顶多只是整段 AI 基础建设浪潮的开端而已。

好消息是,摩根大通刚发布的半导体设备专题报告,选择了站在看多的一方。不过,其结论比市场共识走得更远,认为资本开支的受益重心正在从 GPU 厂商向上游迁移,半导体设备供应商将会是整个链中最持久、杠杆最大的受益者。

报告的论点建立在一个观察上。过去两年市场理解 AI,几乎全部围绕着模型训练,包括谁的 GPU 丛集更大、谁的基础模型更强。但摩根大通认为,接下来的故事完全不一样。

随着 AI 代理(AI Agent)、AI 搜寻引擎、企业端 Copilot 工具与多模态应用逐渐从实验阶段走向日常使用,需求性质正在质变。

训练是一次性、阶段性的投入,推论则是每天、每小时都在发生的持续性消耗。当数十亿次的日常查询、全年无休运转的 AI 代理、加上影片生成与企业自动化全面铺开,所需要的不只是更多 GPU,而是 CPU、客制化 ASIC、高频宽记忆体(HBM)、DRAM、NAND 快闪记忆体、高速网路与先进封装同步扩张的系统工程。

换句话说,过去那个「GPU 不够用」的单一瓶颈故事,正在演变成整条半导体制造链同时吃紧的局面。

这也正是设备厂商比下游晶片公司更有机会吃到长尾红利的原因。当晶圆代工、记忆体与封装厂同步进入扩产循环,实际上是在替「未来」的产能下单,而不是满足眼前需求。

而历史经验显示,这种订单结构带来的获利杠杆,往往比单纯卖晶片更可观。

支撑摩根大通看多论点的,是摩根大通对全球晶圆制造设备市场的预测:

  • 2025 年:1,245 亿美元;
  • 2026 年:1,588 亿美元(年增 28%);
  • 2027 年:2,050 亿美元(年增 29%);
  • 2028 年:2,373 亿美元(年增 16%)。

短短三年,市场规模几乎翻倍。若这个推估方向正确,将是近十年来最强的一波半导体设备扩张周期。

如果说设备需求是果,那超大规模云端业者的资本支出就是因。

摩根大通这次把 Google(GOOGL-US) 、亚马逊 (AMZN-US) 、微软 (MSFT-US) 与 Meta(META-US) 在 2026 年的资本支出成长率预估,从原先的 63% 大幅上修到 80%,换算总支出将超过 5,750 亿美元;2027 年预估再成长 50%,年化规模逼近 8,600 亿美元。

报告还观察到,资金正愈来愈多流向资料中心建设、电力基础设施、网路设备、记忆体扩产与先进封装产能,而不只是单纯加买 GPU。

报告也提到一个具体数字,北美规划中的资料中心用电容量已超过 175GW,年底前可能突破 205GW。

这和过去一年市场普遍预期的「2026 年后将进入消化期」恰好相反。

摩根大通的解读是,大型基建周期通常分三波展开:第一波资金集中买 GPU,第二波市场才发现电力、网路、封装与 HBM 全部跟不上,第三波则是供应链各环节同步扩产弥补缺口。

台积电扩产是最直接的传导链

超大规模云端业者的投资有很大的一部分都流到台积电 (2330-TW) 。

摩根大通预估台积电资本支出将逐年走高。2026 年 560 亿美元、2027 年 650 亿美元、2028 年 720 亿美元。

报告指出,N5 以下先进制程目前产能利用率已超过 100%,供给吃紧状况可能延续到 2027 年甚至 2028 年初,而苹果 (AAPL-US) 、辉达 (NVDA-US) 、超微半导体 (AMD-US) 与 Google 的订单仍在持续增加,先进制程价格今年被推升上涨约 6% 至 10%,2027 年可能再涨 5% 至 10%。

只要台积电持续扩产,设备厂的订单就会跟着进来,这条传导链在整个半导体供应链里算是最直接的一环。

同时,先进封装也是报告特别点名的下一个瓶颈。台积电 CoWoS 产能规划持续上修,2026 年底每月约 11.5 万片晶圆,2027 年底拉高到 17.5 万片,2028 年底更要到 22 万片,而辉达 Blackwell 系列、超微半导体 MI450、Google TPU 与亚马逊自研的 Trainium 晶片都在抢这块有限产能。

不过报告也提醒,CoWoS 的成长故事到 2026 年基本已是市场共识,真正可能被低估的,反而是混合键合(Hybrid Bonding)、SoIC 与玻璃基板这几项渗透率还很低、市场预期相对保守的技术方向。

记忆体是 AI 叙事中最被低估的一环

值得注意的是,摩根大通在报告指出,记忆体过去在云端业者的资本支出占比一直偏低,但这个比重接下来可能明显垫高。

一旦如此,记忆体的容量与频宽,很可能比运算能力本身更早卡关。市场现在多数讨论还停留在 GPU 够不够,但该行认为,下一个真正吃紧的环节,恐怕是记忆体。

摩根大通把未来三年记忆体资本支出预估,从原先的 3,000 亿美元一口气拉高到 4,500 亿美元,其中 DRAM 相关投资就占了约 3,640 亿美元。

配合这波扩产,该行也预估 DRAM 价格未来将累计上涨 246%,NAND 则上涨 217%。

报告指出,HBM 本质上就是「溢价 DRAM」,AI 应用愈普及,HBM 需求愈强,记忆体厂就愈得扩产,设备订单自然跟着加码。

这条链一旦 HBM 真正卡到供给瓶颈,效应会非常明显,记忆体相关设备也可能成为整个 WFE 市场成长中贡献最大的一块。

产业数据已经开始对上号

摩根大通这些预测并非空谈,近期实际数据已经出现呼应。

报告提到,2026 年 4 月全球半导体销售额较去年同期成长 106%,是至少 1994 年以来最高的单月成长纪录,就算把记忆体效应拿掉,成长率仍有约 33%,整体产业已连续 32 个月维持正成长。

而在 5 月举行的摩根大通全球科技大会上,多家设备厂商不约而同提到「订单能见度创历史新高」、「在手订单水位创历史新高」、「客户下单急迫程度创历史新高」。

半导体设备大厂科磊 (KLAC-US) 甚至直言,公司对 2027 年需求的能见度是历史上最强的一次。

分析认为,这份报告真正想提醒市场的,其实是一个视角上的偏差。一年前,几乎每一场 AI 相关讨论的起点和终点都是辉达,但如今讨论范围早已扩大到电力、网路、记忆体、先进封装与资料中心建设。

如果摩根大通的判断成立,下一阶段资金与市场关注的重心,会更集中在「制造产能本身」。

换个角度说,这波 AI 浪潮其实同时制造了两种需求:对晶片的需求,以及对「打造这些晶片所需基础设施」的需求。报告认为,后者这个区别,很可能才是决定未来几年谁是真正赢家的关键。

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    "content": "<p>针对科技投资圈热议的「AI 资本支出到底还能撑多久」问题,摩根大通最近交出的一份半导体设备产业报告指出,支出不但不会放缓,规模还在持续扩大。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6506518/l/e5d0fb0187baffdff44bef60fe5e6728.jpg\" alt=\"小摩看好AI超级周期续强!点出下一波红利将流向「这里」\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>AI 资本支出到底还能撑多久看空的一方认为,云端巨头过去两年砸下的天量投资已经超前部署,2026 年势必会出现消化期;看多的一方则反驳,现在顶多只是整段 AI 基础建设浪潮的开端而已。</p>\n\n<p>好消息是,摩根大通刚发布的半导体设备专题报告,选择了站在看多的一方。不过,其结论比市场共识走得更远,认为资本开支的受益重心正在从 GPU 厂商向上游迁移,半导体设备供应商将会是整个链中最持久、杠杆最大的受益者。</p>\n\n<p>报告的论点建立在一个观察上。过去两年市场理解 AI,几乎全部围绕着模型训练,包括谁的 GPU 丛集更大、谁的基础模型更强。但摩根大通认为,接下来的故事完全不一样。</p>\n\n<p>随着 AI 代理(AI Agent)、AI 搜寻引擎、企业端 Copilot 工具与多模态应用逐渐从实验阶段走向日常使用,需求性质正在质变。</p>\n\n<p>训练是一次性、阶段性的投入,推论则是每天、每小时都在发生的持续性消耗。当数十亿次的日常查询、全年无休运转的 AI 代理、加上影片生成与企业自动化全面铺开,所需要的不只是更多 GPU,而是 CPU、客制化 ASIC、高频宽记忆体(HBM)、DRAM、NAND 快闪记忆体、高速网路与先进封装同步扩张的系统工程。</p>\n\n<p>换句话说,过去那个「GPU 不够用」的单一瓶颈故事,正在演变成整条半导体制造链同时吃紧的局面。</p>\n\n<p>这也正是设备厂商比下游晶片公司更有机会吃到长尾红利的原因。当晶圆代工、记忆体与封装厂同步进入扩产循环,实际上是在替「未来」的产能下单,而不是满足眼前需求。</p>\n\n<p>而历史经验显示,这种订单结构带来的获利杠杆,往往比单纯卖晶片更可观。</p>\n\n<p>支撑摩根大通看多论点的,是摩根大通对全球晶圆制造设备市场的预测:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>2025 年:1,245 亿美元;</li>\n<li>2026 年:1,588 亿美元(年增 28%);</li>\n<li>2027 年:2,050 亿美元(年增 29%);</li>\n<li>2028 年:2,373 亿美元(年增 16%)。</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>短短三年,市场规模几乎翻倍。若这个推估方向正确,将是近十年来最强的一波半导体设备扩张周期。</p>\n\n<p>如果说设备需求是果,那超大规模云端业者的资本支出就是因。</p>\n\n<p>摩根大通这次把 Google(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:GOOGL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">GOOGL-US</a>) 、亚马逊 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AMZN:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AMZN-US</a>) 、微软 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:MSFT:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">MSFT-US</a>) 与 Meta(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:META:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">META-US</a>) 在 2026 年的资本支出成长率预估,从原先的 63% 大幅上修到 80%,换算总支出将超过 5,750 亿美元;2027 年预估再成长 50%,年化规模逼近 8,600 亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>报告还观察到,资金正愈来愈多流向资料中心建设、电力基础设施、网路设备、记忆体扩产与先进封装产能,而不只是单纯加买 GPU。</p>\n\n<p>报告也提到一个具体数字,北美规划中的资料中心用电容量已超过 175GW,年底前可能突破 205GW。</p>\n\n<p>这和过去一年市场普遍预期的「2026 年后将进入消化期」恰好相反。</p>\n\n<p>摩根大通的解读是,大型基建周期通常分三波展开:第一波资金集中买 GPU,第二波市场才发现电力、网路、封装与 HBM 全部跟不上,第三波则是供应链各环节同步扩产弥补缺口。</p>\n\n<h6>台积电扩产是最直接的传导链</h6>\n\n<p>超大规模云端业者的投资有很大的一部分都流到台积电 (<a data-symbol-template=\"TWS:2330:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">2330-TW</a>) 。</p>\n\n<p>摩根大通预估台积电资本支出将逐年走高。2026 年 560 亿美元、2027 年 650 亿美元、2028 年 720 亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>报告指出,N5 以下先进制程目前产能利用率已超过 100%,供给吃紧状况可能延续到 2027 年甚至 2028 年初,而苹果 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AAPL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AAPL-US</a>) 、辉达 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:NVDA:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">NVDA-US</a>) 、超微半导体 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AMD:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AMD-US</a>) 与 Google 的订单仍在持续增加,先进制程价格今年被推升上涨约 6% 至 10%,2027 年可能再涨 5% 至 10%。</p>\n\n<p>只要台积电持续扩产,设备厂的订单就会跟着进来,这条传导链在整个半导体供应链里算是最直接的一环。</p>\n\n<p>同时,先进封装也是报告特别点名的下一个瓶颈。台积电 CoWoS 产能规划持续上修,2026 年底每月约 11.5 万片晶圆,2027 年底拉高到 17.5 万片,2028 年底更要到 22 万片,而辉达 Blackwell 系列、超微半导体 MI450、Google TPU 与亚马逊自研的 Trainium 晶片都在抢这块有限产能。</p>\n\n<p>不过报告也提醒,CoWoS 的成长故事到 2026 年基本已是市场共识,真正可能被低估的,反而是混合键合(Hybrid Bonding)、SoIC 与玻璃基板这几项渗透率还很低、市场预期相对保守的技术方向。</p>\n\n<h6>记忆体是 AI 叙事中最被低估的一环</h6>\n\n<p>值得注意的是,摩根大通在报告指出,记忆体过去在云端业者的资本支出占比一直偏低,但这个比重接下来可能明显垫高。</p>\n\n<p>一旦如此,记忆体的容量与频宽,很可能比运算能力本身更早卡关。市场现在多数讨论还停留在 GPU 够不够,但该行认为,下一个真正吃紧的环节,恐怕是记忆体。</p>\n\n<p>摩根大通把未来三年记忆体资本支出预估,从原先的 3,000 亿美元一口气拉高到 4,500 亿美元,其中 DRAM 相关投资就占了约 3,640 亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>配合这波扩产,该行也预估 DRAM 价格未来将累计上涨 246%,NAND 则上涨 217%。</p>\n\n<p>报告指出,HBM 本质上就是「溢价 DRAM」,AI 应用愈普及,HBM 需求愈强,记忆体厂就愈得扩产,设备订单自然跟着加码。</p>\n\n<p>这条链一旦 HBM 真正卡到供给瓶颈,效应会非常明显,记忆体相关设备也可能成为整个 WFE 市场成长中贡献最大的一块。</p>\n\n<h6>产业数据已经开始对上号</h6>\n\n<p>摩根大通这些预测并非空谈,近期实际数据已经出现呼应。</p>\n\n<p>报告提到,2026 年 4 月全球半导体销售额较去年同期成长 106%,是至少 1994 年以来最高的单月成长纪录,就算把记忆体效应拿掉,成长率仍有约 33%,整体产业已连续 32 个月维持正成长。</p>\n\n<p>而在 5 月举行的摩根大通全球科技大会上,多家设备厂商不约而同提到「订单能见度创历史新高」、「在手订单水位创历史新高」、「客户下单急迫程度创历史新高」。</p>\n\n<p>半导体设备大厂科磊 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:KLAC:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">KLAC-US</a>) 甚至直言,公司对 2027 年需求的能见度是历史上最强的一次。</p>\n\n<p>分析认为,这份报告真正想提醒市场的,其实是一个视角上的偏差。一年前,几乎每一场 AI 相关讨论的起点和终点都是辉达,但如今讨论范围早已扩大到电力、网路、记忆体、先进封装与资料中心建设。</p>\n\n<p>如果摩根大通的判断成立,下一阶段资金与市场关注的重心,会更集中在「制造产能本身」。</p>\n\n<p>换个角度说,这波 AI 浪潮其实同时制造了两种需求:对晶片的需求,以及对「打造这些晶片所需基础设施」的需求。报告认为,后者这个区别,很可能才是决定未来几年谁是真正赢家的关键。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4375.html\" title=\"SpaceX涨超7% 纳入罗素1000指数 能否扭转跌势?\">SpaceX涨超7% 纳入罗素1000指数 能否扭转跌势?</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3822.html\" title=\"Fed古尔斯比:服务通膨露曙光 但核心通膨仍过高且方向恶化\">Fed古尔斯比:服务通膨露曙光 但核心通膨仍过高且方向恶化</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-1653.html\" title=\"阿贝尔时代迄今最大AI押注!Alphabet募资800亿美元 波克夏加码100亿美元\">阿贝尔时代迄今最大AI押注!Alphabet募资800亿美元 波克夏加码100亿美元</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8521.html\" title=\"木头姐逆势加码!ARK逢低买进特斯拉与SpaceX\">木头姐逆势加码!ARK逢低买进特斯拉与SpaceX</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-10849.html\" title=\"记忆体「晶片通膨」愈演愈烈 大摩点名这些股票还能涨\">记忆体「晶片通膨」愈演愈烈 大摩点名这些股票还能涨</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-7869.html\" title=\"〈美股盘后〉油价飙升 标普那指收跌 投资人静待科技巨头财报\">〈美股盘后〉油价飙升 标普那指收跌 投资人静待科技巨头财报</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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