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2026美IPO募资冲2250亿美元!经理人警告:市场泡沫四大征兆已现其一 

2026-09-13 06:42:23 网络 阅读(69)

2026 年才过一半,美国首次公开发行 (IPO) 募资规模已创历史新高,市场正热议这是否代表景气循环已进入后段。

2026美IPO募资冲2250亿美元!经理人警告:市场泡沫四大征兆已现其一 

高盛 (Goldman Sachs) 邀请三位市场专家讨论 IPO 热潮是否正释出「景气末期警讯」,以及市场是否有能力消化如此庞大的新股供给。受访者包括高盛美股首席策略师 Ben Snider、佛罗里达大学华灵顿商学院(Warrington College of Business)IPO 研究计划主任 Jay Ritter,以及 Acadian 资产管理公司资深副总裁兼投资组合经理 Owen Lamont。

三人中以 Lamont 态度最为保守。他认为,企业大量发股虽然可能只是反映人工智慧 (AI) 带动的新一波资本支出需求,但历史经验显示,重大科技革命往往伴随市场泡沫,而企业通常会趁股价偏高时积极发行股票募资。

高盛预估,2026 年美国 IPO 募资总额将达 2250 亿美元,创历史新高。

「市场泡沫四骑士」

Lamont 提出新版「市场泡沫四骑士」(Four Horsemen of the Market Bubble)。「四骑士」一词最早出现在 1998 年至 2000 年网路泡沫期间,当时指的是微软 (MSFT-US)、思科(Cisco)(CSCO-US)、英特尔(INTC-US) 与戴尔 (DELL-US) 四档明星股。

Lamont 则重新定义四项泡沫征兆,包括:

  • 市场估值过高
  • 投资人明知估值偏高仍相信股价会续涨的「泡沫信仰」
  • 企业积极发行股票
  • 资金大量流入市场

他指出,目前 IPO 热潮至少符合其中一项征兆,但 IPO 热潮往往可持续多年,因此更可能代表泡沫开始,而非泡沫结束。

他也表示,目前 IPO 首日暴涨案例并不多,显示市场尚未出现极端投机热潮。

此外,Lamont 提醒,除了股票发行,企业发债规模同样值得关注。高盛首席信用策略师 Amanda Lynam 近期曾警告,市场供给增加及发行人集中度升高,可能带来风险。

IPO 通常前几年跑输大盘

主持讨论的高盛全球总体研究执行董事 Jenny Grimberg 指出,不论 IPO 热潮是否代表市场警讯,历史经验显示,新股上市后前几年的绩效通常落后大盘。

因此,Lamont 建议投资人保持耐心,并如此比喻:「IPO 就像香蕉,要放熟才能吃。」

另一点令他忧心的是,部分大型指数编制机构已开始提早将大型 IPO 纳入指数,例如那斯达克 100 指数近期便提前纳入 SpaceX(SPCX-US),而 Lamont 并不认同这项做法。

高盛:市场有能力吸收新股

相较之下,Snider 与 Ritter 态度较为乐观。

Snider 指出,美股整体市值约 75 兆美元,而今年企业股票发行规模预估约 7000 亿美元,占整体市场比重有限。

他也认为,IPO 市场具有自我调节机制,如果市场需求不足,新股自然无法顺利上市。

高盛指出,目前 IPO 企业的获利能力,普遍优于过去几波 IPO 热潮期间上市的公司。

Ritter 则表示,虽然历史上大量新股发行往往预示后续市场报酬偏低,但近年美国企业透过库藏股与股利已向投资人返还约 1.6 兆美元,市场仍具备吸收新股供给的能力。

Apollo:2019 年以来 IPO 上市后三年普遍跑输大盘

美国 IPO 热潮升温之际,另类资产管理公司阿波罗全球管理公司 (Apollo Global Management) 提醒,新股近年整体表现普遍不如大盘。

Apollo 首席经济学家 Torsten Slok 表示,自 2019 年以来,美国 IPO 上市后三年的平均报酬均落后整体股市,主要原因包括:上市估值偏高、利率环境不利、品质较低的企业提前上市,以及大盘绩效高度集中于少数大型科技股。

Slok 指出,2020 年至 2021 年 IPO 热潮发生于零利率、财政刺激与散户投机热潮期间,企业普遍以高估值上市,后续上涨空间有限。联准会 (Fed)2022 年启动升息循环后,估值遭压缩,对尚未获利的成长型 IPO 企业冲击尤其明显。

目前 Fed 虽然维持利率不变,但市场已开始押注年底可能升息,以因应通膨压力。

另一方面,美股多头行情仍延续至 2026 年,SpaceX 于 6 月完成史上最大 IPO,市场也预期 OpenAI 与 Anthropic 等 AI 企业将陆续上市。

Slok 认为,导致 2019 年以来 IPO 绩效落后的因素至今仍未消失。

他表示,未来 IPO 估值仍可能偏高,利率恐长期高于 2010 年代,而大盘报酬依旧集中于少数大型科技股,使新股要超越大盘的难度持续偏高。

标普 500 指数今年来累计上涨 9.5%。追踪近年 IPO 股票的 Renaissance IPO ETF 今年来则上涨 17.5%,表现优于标普 500,不过该 ETF 目前并未持有 SpaceX。SpaceX 股价近期已跌破 IPO 价格。

Slok 表示,目前压抑 IPO 表现的因素仍可能延续,「IPO 估值可能再次膨胀,利率将长期高于 2010 年代,而大盘报酬仍集中于少数大型科技股,新股面临的相对门槛仍然很高。」

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    "description": "2026 年才过一半,美国首次公开发行 (IPO) 募资规模已创历史新高,市场正热议这是否代表景气循环已进入后段。 高盛 (Goldman Sachs) 邀请三位市场专家讨论 IPO 热潮是否正释出「景气末期警讯」,以及市场是否有能力消化如此庞大的新股供给。受访者包括高盛美股首席策略师 Ben Snider、佛罗里达大学华灵顿商学院(Warrington College of Business)IPO 研究计划主任 Jay Ritter,以及 Acadian 资产管理公司资深副总裁兼投资组合经理",
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    "content": "<p>2026 年才过一半,美国首次公开发行 (IPO) 募资规模已创历史新高,市场正热议这是否代表景气循环已进入后段。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6544419/l/45182227a99edb635d5926f9e7109089.jpg\" alt=\"2026美IPO募资冲2250亿美元!经理人警告:市场泡沫四大征兆已现其一 \" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>高盛 (Goldman Sachs) 邀请三位市场专家讨论 IPO 热潮是否正释出「景气末期警讯」,以及市场是否有能力消化如此庞大的新股供给。受访者包括高盛美股首席策略师 Ben Snider、佛罗里达大学华灵顿商学院(Warrington College of Business)IPO 研究计划主任 Jay Ritter,以及 Acadian 资产管理公司资深副总裁兼投资组合经理 Owen Lamont。</p>\n\n<p>三人中以 Lamont 态度最为保守。他认为,企业大量发股虽然可能只是反映人工智慧 (AI) 带动的新一波资本支出需求,但历史经验显示,重大科技革命往往伴随市场泡沫,而企业通常会趁股价偏高时积极发行股票募资。</p>\n\n<p>高盛预估,2026 年美国 IPO 募资总额将达 2250 亿美元,创历史新高。</p>\n\n<h6>「市场泡沫四骑士」</h6>\n\n<p>Lamont 提出新版「市场泡沫四骑士」(Four Horsemen of the Market Bubble)。「四骑士」一词最早出现在 1998 年至 2000 年网路泡沫期间,当时指的是微软 (MSFT-US)、思科(Cisco)(CSCO-US)、英特尔(INTC-US) 与戴尔 (DELL-US) 四档明星股。</p>\n\n<p>Lamont 则重新定义四项泡沫征兆,包括:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>市场估值过高</li>\n<li>投资人明知估值偏高仍相信股价会续涨的「泡沫信仰」</li>\n<li>企业积极发行股票</li>\n<li>资金大量流入市场</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>他指出,目前 IPO 热潮至少符合其中一项征兆,但 IPO 热潮往往可持续多年,因此更可能代表泡沫开始,而非泡沫结束。</p>\n\n<p>他也表示,目前 IPO 首日暴涨案例并不多,显示市场尚未出现极端投机热潮。</p>\n\n<p>此外,Lamont 提醒,除了股票发行,企业发债规模同样值得关注。高盛首席信用策略师 Amanda Lynam 近期曾警告,市场供给增加及发行人集中度升高,可能带来风险。</p>\n\n<h6>IPO 通常前几年跑输大盘</h6>\n\n<p>主持讨论的高盛全球总体研究执行董事 Jenny Grimberg 指出,不论 IPO 热潮是否代表市场警讯,历史经验显示,新股上市后前几年的绩效通常落后大盘。</p>\n\n<p>因此,Lamont 建议投资人保持耐心,并如此比喻:「IPO 就像香蕉,要放熟才能吃。」</p>\n\n<p>另一点令他忧心的是,部分大型指数编制机构已开始提早将大型 IPO 纳入指数,例如那斯达克 100 指数近期便提前纳入 SpaceX(SPCX-US),而 Lamont 并不认同这项做法。</p>\n\n<h6>高盛:市场有能力吸收新股</h6>\n\n<p>相较之下,Snider 与 Ritter 态度较为乐观。</p>\n\n<p>Snider 指出,美股整体市值约 75 兆美元,而今年企业股票发行规模预估约 7000 亿美元,占整体市场比重有限。</p>\n\n<p>他也认为,IPO 市场具有自我调节机制,如果市场需求不足,新股自然无法顺利上市。</p>\n\n<p>高盛指出,目前 IPO 企业的获利能力,普遍优于过去几波 IPO 热潮期间上市的公司。</p>\n\n<p>Ritter 则表示,虽然历史上大量新股发行往往预示后续市场报酬偏低,但近年美国企业透过库藏股与股利已向投资人返还约 1.6 兆美元,市场仍具备吸收新股供给的能力。</p>\n\n<h6>Apollo:2019 年以来 IPO 上市后三年普遍跑输大盘</h6>\n\n<p>美国 IPO 热潮升温之际,另类资产管理公司阿波罗全球管理公司 (Apollo Global Management) 提醒,新股近年整体表现普遍不如大盘。</p>\n\n<p>Apollo 首席经济学家 Torsten Slok 表示,自 2019 年以来,美国 IPO 上市后三年的平均报酬均落后整体股市,主要原因包括:上市估值偏高、利率环境不利、品质较低的企业提前上市,以及大盘绩效高度集中于少数大型科技股。</p>\n\n<p>Slok 指出,2020 年至 2021 年 IPO 热潮发生于零利率、财政刺激与散户投机热潮期间,企业普遍以高估值上市,后续上涨空间有限。联准会 (Fed)2022 年启动升息循环后,估值遭压缩,对尚未获利的成长型 IPO 企业冲击尤其明显。</p>\n\n<p>目前 Fed 虽然维持利率不变,但市场已开始押注年底可能升息,以因应通膨压力。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,美股多头行情仍延续至 2026 年,SpaceX 于 6 月完成史上最大 IPO,市场也预期 OpenAI 与 Anthropic 等 AI 企业将陆续上市。</p>\n\n<p>Slok 认为,导致 2019 年以来 IPO 绩效落后的因素至今仍未消失。</p>\n\n<p>他表示,未来 IPO 估值仍可能偏高,利率恐长期高于 2010 年代,而大盘报酬依旧集中于少数大型科技股,使新股要超越大盘的难度持续偏高。</p>\n\n<p>标普 500 指数今年来累计上涨 9.5%。追踪近年 IPO 股票的 Renaissance IPO ETF 今年来则上涨 17.5%,表现优于标普 500,不过该 ETF 目前并未持有 SpaceX。SpaceX 股价近期已跌破 IPO 价格。</p>\n\n<p>Slok 表示,目前压抑 IPO 表现的因素仍可能延续,「IPO 估值可能再次膨胀,利率将长期高于 2010 年代,而大盘报酬仍集中于少数大型科技股,新股面临的相对门槛仍然很高。」</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3647.html\" title=\"〈财报〉美光Q3营收暴增超4倍 财测优预期 盘后大涨13%\">〈财报〉美光Q3营收暴增超4倍 财测优预期 盘后大涨13%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4117.html\" title=\"AI之外的投资主线?美银揭2026中小型股「8大」潜力名单\">AI之外的投资主线?美银揭2026中小型股「8大」潜力名单</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-233.html\" title=\"AI算力大战激化!黑石押注AI基建 砸50亿美元携手Google立AI云端新公司\">AI算力大战激化!黑石押注AI基建 砸50亿美元携手Google立AI云端新公司</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3842.html\" title=\"安森美斥70亿美元收购Synaptics 抢实体AI商机\">安森美斥70亿美元收购Synaptics 抢实体AI商机</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8558.html\" title=\"〈美股早盘〉主要指数涨跌互现 半导体股续挫 台积电ADR跌近4%\">〈美股早盘〉主要指数涨跌互现 半导体股续挫 台积电ADR跌近4%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6834.html\" title=\"加拿大央行利率连六冻!经济展望改善、删除「连续升息」警告\">加拿大央行利率连六冻!经济展望改善、删除「连续升息」警告</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-07-24T18:00:04.000Z",
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