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经济成长创半世纪新高,但那不是多数人的台湾

2026-09-29 11:52:01 网络 阅读(1)

当资源集中流向半导体,谁来投资教育、环境、人文与下一代的新创

经济成长创半世纪新高,但那不是多数人的台湾

今年七月底,主计总处公布第二季经济成长率 12.92%,上半年合计成长 13.72%,是 1976 年以来的最高纪录。随后全年经济成长率预测上修到 11.05%,创三十九年新高。台股站上四万五千点,国际指数公司接连调高台股权重。

这是一组让人振奋的数字。但只要再往下拆一层,就会看到另一个台湾。

以今年第一季为例,出口成长 51%,其中电子零组件与资通产品贡献了 71% 的成长;二十四类出口产品中,仍有十二类衰退。第二季的资本形成成长 15%,主要动能同样来自半导体设备投资。而最关键的是就业——电子与资通产业只占台湾就业人口的 7.7%。

换句话说,超过九成的工作者,站在这波高成长之外。

会议室里反复出现的同一个问题

过去几年,我以台湾影响力投资协会常务理事的身分,有机会坐进许多立场不同的会议室。协会本身没有任何商业行为,也因此能让不同立场的人坐在一起。

有时是和银行、资产管理业者讨论,财富管理的商品架上,能不能出现真正说得清楚「这笔钱改变了什么」的选项。有时是和家族企业的两代人坐在一起,谈传承之外,家族的钱还想做到什么。有时是和学界与专业服务业者比对国际标准,也有时是在主管机关的座谈中提出民间的观察。透过协会参与的国际网络,我们也持续和亚洲各地的伙伴交换制度经验。

这些场合的参与者,关心的事情各不相同。但讨论到最后,常常会落在同一个问题上:

台湾不缺钱。但钱,没有流到需要它的地方。

先说清楚:这不是在检讨半导体

台积电是台湾的国家级资产,它的成功是我们这代人最大的运气之一。我要谈的不是产业本身,而是资源配置的单一化——当公共财政、资本市场、人才供给与社会注意力都朝同一个方向倾斜时,其他领域会发生什么事。

集中度已经是常被引用的数字:台积电一家公司占台股市值约 42%;它在 2025 年的用电量约当台湾全年用电的 10.2%。这些数字本身都是成就,但它们也在无声地定义一件事——什么叫做「重要的产业」。

一级市场,最早被挤压

除了协会的角色,我也以 SIC 永续影响力投资合伙人的身分,参与新创与早期投资。这个位置让我看到一个总体数据里不容易被看见的现象:资源的集中,不只发生在产业之间,也发生在市场之间。

先看全球。今年上半年全球创投投资达 5,021 亿美元,已经超过 2025 年全年;但第二季有七成资金流向 AI,种子轮件数单季减少近三成。KPMG 的统计更直接:第一季五笔 AI 巨型交易,就吸走全球近六成的创投资金。钱变多了,拿到钱的公司却变少了。

台湾的情况更值得细看。经济部 FINDIT 平台统计的 2024 年全年资料显示,创投参与的投资件数一年减少近 15%,海外投资人减少 35%,反而是国发基金的参与件数增加三成——公部门正在补民间撤出的位置。企业与企业创投参与了七成的交易,而台湾的企业资本,很大一部分本身就在半导体与硬体供应链里。今年五月,一位已完成 A 轮募资的创业者在媒体投书指出,本土出资人高度集中于半导体与硬体,应用端的新创「拿不到第一张天使轮支票」,A、B 轮的中段资金也在萎缩。

二级市场的热闹,又把这个挤压放大了一层。台股 ETF 规模在今年八月初达到 7.5 兆元,光是今年就增加 3.6 兆元,受益人数合计超过 1,850 万。当一档市值型 ETF 就能提供亮眼的报酬和随时可卖的流动性,要说服出资人把钱锁进一支十年期的早期基金,机会成本从来没有这么高。一份追踪 2021 年以来三百家新挂牌公司的研究更发现,台湾创投的超额报酬有一半以上,是在公司上市「之后」才实现的——就连创投自己最好的报酬,也有一大半落在二级市场。

在早期投资的现场,这两股力量叠在一起的结果很具体:半导体与 AI 硬体之外的新创——气候、医疗、教育、社会创新——要拿到第一笔和第二笔资金,比几年前难得多。而这些,恰好是台湾下一个十年最需要的解题者。

教室与社福现场

同样的倾斜,也出现在教室里。过去五年,全台高中语文资优班的学生减少了 41%,从 907 人降到 531 人。大学端,理工领域学生占 48.4%,五年增加 4.4 个百分点;人文领域只剩 18.1%。少子化是全面的,人文的萎缩却是偏向的——学生不是变少了,是被引导到别的地方去了。

社福现场则更急迫。今年四月,监察院纠正卫生福利部,点出社会福利委办案的六大缺失:委办案中照顾服务员的时薪上限是 200 元,市场行情却在 250 到 500 元之间,差额由非营利组织自行募款填补;核销款项可能延迟六到十个月。

在一个经济成长创半世纪新高的国家里,照服员的委办时薪上限是 200 元。这两个数字放在一起,很难不让人觉得哪里出了问题。

环境与人文则是另一种缺口:成功本身带来的外部成本,目前没有被任何人的资产负债表承接;而翻译、出版、地方文史这些「消失之前没有人会注意到」的东西,也不会出现在 GDP 的任何一个栏位里。

四种资本,各有各的限制

把这些放在一起,会看到同一个结构:它们都不是「没有人关心」,而是「没有适合的资本工具」。

政府预算有排挤效应,社福预算的成长追不上整体经济的规模。机构投资人受受托人责任约束,不能为了社会目的接受较低的报酬。慈善捐款总量有限,而且高度集中。创投本应承担早期风险,却正同时被产业集中与二级市场的高报酬双重挤压。

这不代表无解。但它提醒我们:缺的不是更多的钱,而是另一种性质的钱。

一股被低估的力量

在海外,这类缺口往往是由一股特定的力量先补上的:愿意等待、愿意承担早期风险,也愿意跨越「投资」与「公益」界线的资本。国际上称之为耐心资本,或催化资本。

它不只有一种样貌。在美国,是基金会把捐赠基金的一部分投入与使命相关的投资——福特基金会就曾承诺拨出最高十亿美元;在新加坡,是政府以制度诱因引导家族办公室投入气候与混合金融,淡马锡信托旗下的亚洲慈善联盟汇集的承诺已逾十亿星元;在日本,是金融机构与公共年金在主管机关召集下一起进场,把影响力投资规模推到 18.65 兆日圆。

家族、基金会、企业、金融机构、公共资金——出资者各不相同,扮演的却是同一种角色:在市场还不愿意进场的地方,先走进去。

这股力量的价值不在规模,而在性质。一支早期基金需要向出资人解释为什么不去买 ETF;一个想清楚自己要促成什么的出资者——不论是家族、企业还是基金会——则不需要。

台湾也需要这股力量

我相信台湾也需要,而且条件并不差。

台湾有全世界少见的产业密度,中国信托与政治大学产学合作的家族办公室研究指出,上市公司中超过七成属于家族企业,非上市企业更超过九成;有正在订定永续承诺与供应链减碳目标的企业;有规模庞大、正在寻找永续配置的金融与保险资金;也有国发基金与部会基金已经开始尝试的公私共同投资。这些参与者手上握有的不只是资金,还有产业能力、客户关系与通路——正是能让一笔早期投资真正发挥作用的东西。

缺的,是把它们接起来的共同语言与机制。

钱在移动的时候

未来十年,台湾会有一大批资产同时进入重新配置的时刻:家族企业的交棒——两成家族企业负责人已超过六十五岁,八成五的高资产客户已启动或正准备启动传承规划;企业面对供应链减碳的新要求;金融机构追赶永续金融的目标。

钱在移动的时候,方向最容易被改变;一旦重新安顿下来,就很难再动了。

这些决定,会在家族会议、董事会、投资委员会与政策会议里安静地完成。我希望在那些房间里,除了报酬与风险之外,也有人问出这一句:

这笔钱,除了继续赚钱以外,还想让台湾的哪一个地方变得不一样?

繁荣不会自己找到需要它的地方。那得有人带路。

作者为台湾影响力投资协会常务理事,并为 SIC 永续影响力投资合伙人、倍恩资本董事长。文中对早期投资市场的观察,来自作者参与 SIC 投资人社群的经验。

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              "pid": 61,
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      "level": 1
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      "id": 36,
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        {
          "id": 43,
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          "name": "股指期货",
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    "img": "https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6617637/l/fabb1a91f8de932a14162447abc45a51.jpg",
    "content": "<p>当资源集中流向半导体,谁来投资教育、环境、人文与下一代的新创</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6617637/l/fabb1a91f8de932a14162447abc45a51.jpg\" alt=\"经济成长创半世纪新高,但那不是多数人的台湾\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>今年七月底,主计总处公布第二季经济成长率 12.92%,上半年合计成长 13.72%,是 1976 年以来的最高纪录。随后全年经济成长率预测上修到 11.05%,创三十九年新高。台股站上四万五千点,国际指数公司接连调高台股权重。</p>\n\n<p>这是一组让人振奋的数字。但只要再往下拆一层,就会看到另一个台湾。</p>\n\n<p>以今年第一季为例,出口成长 51%,其中电子零组件与资通产品贡献了 71% 的成长;二十四类出口产品中,仍有十二类衰退。第二季的资本形成成长 15%,主要动能同样来自半导体设备投资。而最关键的是就业&mdash;&mdash;电子与资通产业只占台湾就业人口的<u> <strong>7.7%</strong></u>。</p>\n\n<p>换句话说,<strong><u>超过九成的工作者,站在这波高成长之外</u>。</strong></p>\n\n<p><strong>会议室里反复出现的同一个问题</strong></p>\n\n<p>过去几年,我以台湾影响力投资协会常务理事的身分,有机会坐进许多立场不同的会议室。协会本身没有任何商业行为,也因此能让不同立场的人坐在一起。</p>\n\n<p>有时是和银行、资产管理业者讨论,财富管理的商品架上,能不能出现真正说得清楚「这笔钱改变了什么」的选项。有时是和家族企业的两代人坐在一起,谈传承之外,家族的钱还想做到什么。有时是和学界与专业服务业者比对国际标准,也有时是在主管机关的座谈中提出民间的观察。透过协会参与的国际网络,我们也持续和亚洲各地的伙伴交换制度经验。</p>\n\n<p>这些场合的参与者,关心的事情各不相同。但讨论到最后,常常会落在同一个问题上:</p>\n\n<p><strong><u>台湾不缺钱。但钱,没有流到需要它的地方</u></strong><strong>。</strong></p>\n\n<p><strong>先说清楚:这不是在检讨半导体</strong></p>\n\n<p>台积电是台湾的国家级资产,它的成功是我们这代人最大的运气之一。我要谈的不是产业本身,而是<strong><u>资源配置的单一化</u></strong>&mdash;&mdash;当公共财政、资本市场、人才供给与社会注意力都朝同一个方向倾斜时,其他领域会发生什么事。</p>\n\n<p>集中度已经是常被引用的数字:<strong><u>台积电一家公司占台股市值约</u></strong><strong><u> 42%</u></strong>;它在 2025 年的用电量约当台湾全年用电的 <strong><u>10.2%</u></strong>。这些数字本身都是成就,但它们也在无声地定义一件事&mdash;&mdash;什么叫做「重要的产业」。</p>\n\n<p><strong>一级市场,最早被挤压</strong></p>\n\n<p>除了协会的角色,我也以 SIC 永续影响力投资合伙人的身分,参与新创与早期投资。这个位置让我看到一个总体数据里不容易被看见的现象:<strong><u>资源的集中,不只发生在产业之间,也发生在市场之间</u>。</strong></p>\n\n<p>先看全球。今年上半年全球创投投资达 5,021 亿美元,已经超过 2025 年全年;但第二季有七成资金流向 AI,种子轮件数单季减少近三成。KPMG 的统计更直接:第一季五笔 AI 巨型交易,就吸走全球近六成的创投资金。钱变多了,拿到钱的公司却变少了。</p>\n\n<p>台湾的情况更值得细看。经济部 FINDIT 平台统计的 2024 年全年资料显示,创投参与的投资件数一年减少近 15%,海外投资人减少 35%,反而是国发基金的参与件数增加三成&mdash;&mdash;公部门正在补民间撤出的位置。企业与企业创投参与了七成的交易,而台湾的企业资本,很大一部分本身就在半导体与硬体供应链里。今年五月,一位已完成 A 轮募资的创业者在媒体投书指出,本土出资人高度集中于半导体与硬体,应用端的新创「拿不到第一张天使轮支票」,A、B 轮的中段资金也在萎缩。</p>\n\n<p>二级市场的热闹,又把这个挤压放大了一层。台股 ETF 规模在今年八月初达到 7.5 兆元,光是今年就增加 3.6 兆元,受益人数合计超过 1,850 万。当一档市值型 ETF 就能提供亮眼的报酬和随时可卖的流动性,要说服出资人把钱锁进一支十年期的早期基金,机会成本从来没有这么高。一份追踪 2021 年以来三百家新挂牌公司的研究更发现,台湾创投的超额报酬有一半以上,是在公司上市「之后」才实现的&mdash;&mdash;就连创投自己最好的报酬,也有一大半落在二级市场。</p>\n\n<p>在早期投资的现场,这两股力量叠在一起的结果很具体:<strong><u>半导体与</u></strong><strong><u> AI </u></strong><strong><u>硬体之外的新创&mdash;&mdash;</u></strong><strong><u>气候、医疗、教育、社会创新&mdash;&mdash;</u></strong><strong><u>要拿到第一笔和第二笔资金,比几年前难得多</u></strong><strong>。</strong>而这些,恰好是台湾下一个十年最需要的解题者。</p>\n\n<p><strong>教室与社福现场</strong></p>\n\n<p>同样的倾斜,也出现在教室里。过去五年,全台高中<strong><u>语文资优班的学生减少了</u></strong><strong><u> 41%</u></strong>,从 907 人降到 531 人。大学端,理工领域学生占 48.4%,五年增加 4.4 个百分点;<strong><u>人文领域只剩</u></strong><strong><u> 18.1%</u></strong>。少子化是全面的,人文的萎缩却是偏向的&mdash;&mdash;<strong><u>学生不是变少了,是被引导到别的地方去了</u></strong><strong>。</strong></p>\n\n<p>社福现场则更急迫。今年四月,监察院纠正卫生福利部,点出社会福利委办案的六大缺失:委办案中<strong><u>照顾服务员的时薪上限是</u></strong><strong><u> 200 </u></strong><strong><u>元</u></strong>,市场行情却在 250 到 500 元之间,差额由非营利组织自行募款填补;<strong><u>核销款项可能延迟六到十个月</u></strong>。</p>\n\n<p>在一个经济成长创半世纪新高的国家里,照服员的委办时薪上限是 200 元。这两个数字放在一起,很难不让人觉得哪里出了问题。</p>\n\n<p>环境与人文则是另一种缺口:<strong><u>成功本身带来的外部成本,目前没有被任何人的资产负债表承接</u></strong>;而翻译、出版、地方文史这些「消失之前没有人会注意到」的东西,也不会出现在 GDP 的任何一个栏位里。</p>\n\n<p><strong>四种资本,各有各的限制</strong></p>\n\n<p>把这些放在一起,会看到同一个结构:<strong><u>它们都不是「没有人关心」,而是「没有适合的资本工具」</u>。</strong></p>\n\n<p>政府预算有排挤效应,社福预算的成长追不上整体经济的规模。机构投资人受受托人责任约束,不能为了社会目的接受较低的报酬。慈善捐款总量有限,而且高度集中。创投本应承担早期风险,却正同时被产业集中与二级市场的高报酬双重挤压。</p>\n\n<p>这不代表无解。但它提醒我们:缺的不是更多的钱,而是<strong><u>另一种性质的钱</u></strong>。</p>\n\n<p><strong>一股被低估的力量</strong></p>\n\n<p>在海外,这类缺口往往是由一股特定的力量先补上的:<strong><u>愿意等待、愿意承担早期风险,也愿意跨越「投资」与「公益」界线的资本</u>。</strong>国际上称之为耐心资本,或催化资本。</p>\n\n<p>它不只有一种样貌。在美国,是基金会把捐赠基金的一部分投入与使命相关的投资&mdash;&mdash;福特基金会就曾承诺拨出最高十亿美元;在新加坡,是政府以制度诱因引导家族办公室投入气候与混合金融,淡马锡信托旗下的亚洲慈善联盟汇集的承诺已逾十亿星元;在日本,是金融机构与公共年金在主管机关召集下一起进场,把影响力投资规模推到 18.65 兆日圆。</p>\n\n<p>家族、基金会、企业、金融机构、公共资金&mdash;&mdash;出资者各不相同,扮演的却是同一种角色:<strong><u>在市场还不愿意进场的地方,先走进去</u>。</strong></p>\n\n<p>这股力量的价值不在规模,而在性质。一支早期基金需要向出资人解释为什么不去买 ETF;一个想清楚自己要促成什么的出资者&mdash;&mdash;不论是家族、企业还是基金会&mdash;&mdash;则不需要。</p>\n\n<p><strong>台湾也需要这股力量</strong></p>\n\n<p>我相信台湾也需要,而且条件并不差。</p>\n\n<p>台湾有全世界少见的产业密度,中国信托与政治大学产学合作的家族办公室研究指出,<strong><u>上市公司中超过七成属于家族企业,非上市企业更超过九成</u></strong>;有正在订定永续承诺与供应链减碳目标的企业;有规模庞大、正在寻找永续配置的金融与保险资金;也有国发基金与部会基金已经开始尝试的公私共同投资。这些参与者手上握有的不只是资金,还有产业能力、客户关系与通路&mdash;&mdash;正是能让一笔早期投资真正发挥作用的东西。</p>\n\n<p>缺的,是把它们接起来的共同语言与机制。</p>\n\n<p><strong>钱在移动的时候</strong></p>\n\n<p>未来十年,台湾会有一大批资产同时进入重新配置的时刻:家族企业的交棒&mdash;&mdash;两成家族企业负责人已超过六十五岁,八成五的高资产客户已启动或正准备启动传承规划;企业面对供应链减碳的新要求;金融机构追赶永续金融的目标。</p>\n\n<p>钱在移动的时候,方向最容易被改变;一旦重新安顿下来,就很难再动了。</p>\n\n<p>这些决定,会在家族会议、董事会、投资委员会与政策会议里安静地完成。我希望在那些房间里,除了报酬与风险之外,也有人问出这一句:</p>\n\n<p><strong><u>这笔钱,除了继续赚钱以外,还想让台湾的哪一个地方变得不一样?</u></strong></p>\n\n<p>繁荣不会自己找到需要它的地方。那得有人带路。</p>\n\n<p>作者为台湾影响力投资协会常务理事,并为 SIC 永续影响力投资合伙人、倍恩资本董事长。文中对早期投资市场的观察,来自作者参与 SIC 投资人社群的经验。<br>\n </p>\n\n<figure><img data-height=\"253\" data-mime=\"image/png\" data-ratio=\"3.0039525691699605\" data-src-m=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6617637/m/f92999d45f199615d1a3a4ea8d573edb.jpg\" data-width=\"760\" src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6617637/l/f92999d45f199615d1a3a4ea8d573edb.jpg\" srcset=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6617637/l/f92999d45f199615d1a3a4ea8d573edb.jpg 1x,https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6617637/xl/f92999d45f199615d1a3a4ea8d573edb.jpg 2x,https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6617637/xxl/f92999d45f199615d1a3a4ea8d573edb.jpg 3x\"></figure>\n\n<p> </p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-7156.html\" title=\"离开职场最大的挑战 不是存多少 是钱能用多久\">离开职场最大的挑战 不是存多少 是钱能用多久</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-376.html\" title=\"「AI产业链」下周接力登场!柜买中心26日邀稳懋、耕兴及弘塑办法说\">「AI产业链」下周接力登场!柜买中心26日邀稳懋、耕兴及弘塑办法说</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-5497.html\" title=\"八贯6月营收年增40.14% 与Q2、H1营收均创同期新高\">八贯6月营收年增40.14% 与Q2、H1营收均创同期新高</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-15146.html\" 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    "createdAt": "2026-09-29T03:09:25.000Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-09-29T03:52:01.000Z"
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