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从DEI到AI战争 美军高层大洗牌 赫格塞斯推动将军及将官职位砍20%

2026-10-02 11:40:19 网络 阅读(1)

美国战争部长赫格塞斯(Pete Hegseth)宣布,美军将进一步削减将军及将官职位,目标是将整体数量降低20%。赫格塞斯9月30日在维吉尼亚州匡蒂科海军陆战队基地发表「部队现况演说」时表示,目前美军已解职约10%的将军及将官,另外再削减10%的将官职位,因此整体降幅达20%。这项措施并非一次裁撤160名现役将领,而是透过解职、退休、未补缺及取消职位等方式,逐步缩减高阶指挥架构。

从DEI到AI战争 美军高层大洗牌 赫格塞斯推动将军及将官职位砍20%

根据美国国防部7月底数据,美军现役将军及将官约851人,包括陆军、海军、海军陆战队、空军及太空军;联邦法律规定的上限则为857人。若以851人作为基准,20%的职位削减相当于约170个职位。不过,实际减幅将取决于各军种如何调整编制,不能直接等同于170名现役将领遭到解职。

赫格塞斯表示,这项改革的目的在于精简高层指挥结构、减少官僚层级,并让军队更加集中于训练、战备、纪律及作战能力。他表示,自己已经要求军方减少不必要的高阶职位,并认为过去的军事体系存在过多重复的指挥及行政层级。

这也是赫格塞斯自2025年出任战争部长以来持续推动的军事重整之一。2025年5月,他曾要求各军种至少削减10%的将军及将官职位,国民兵将官职位则要求削减20%,并要求军方移除被认为重复或不必要的组织层级。最新方案则把整体削减幅度进一步提高至20%。

赫格塞斯同时把这项改革与他所批评的「觉醒」文化及多元、公平与包容(DEI)政策连结。他在演说中表示,五角大厦不再是「觉醒部门」,军队的主要任务应重新集中在训练、战备、问责、纪律及杀伤力。他也表示,过去支持相关文化的人员如果无法配合新的政策方向,已经不再担任相关职务。

不过,将军及将官职位削减与DEI政策并非完全相同的政策项目。赫格塞斯政府主张精简高层架构是为了提升效率及作战准备,而批评者则认为,近期大量高阶军官离任、职位调整及晋升受阻,可能同时反映政策方向及人事忠诚度考量。

赫格塞斯在演说中也以相当强烈的语言描述他希望建立的军队文化,强调军人应以作战能力、体能、纪律及战备为核心,而不是把大量时间投入社会及文化议题。这番言论引发民主党人士、部分前国防官员及军事专家的批评,他们担心政治因素过度介入军队人事及指挥体系,并可能影响军队专业性与高层稳定。

赫格塞斯及支持者则认为,军方高层长期扩张、行政程序过多,以及部分与作战无直接关联的政策,已经增加军队运作成本。赫格塞斯主张,军方应把更多资源投入实际战备,而不是维持过于庞大的高阶指挥结构。

美军近年的DEI政策变化也成为此次改革的重要背景之一。欧巴马政府时期,美国正式结束「不问、不说」政策,2010年通过废除相关法律,并于2011年9月20日正式生效,让同性恋及双性恋军人可以公开身分服役。这项政策改革是美军人事制度重大转变之一,但与今日所称的DEI政策并不能完全画上等号。

拜登政府上任后则进一步调整跨性别军人政策。拜登2021年1月25日签署行政命令,要求国防部及国土安全部采取措施恢复跨性别人士符合条件即可服役的政策。此后,美军持续推动与性别认同及多元包容相关的人事政策与训练。

原文提及的蕾切尔.莱文则需要特别区分。莱文在2021年成为美国公共卫生服务军官团四星上将,是美国公共卫生服务军官团的一员,而不是陆军、海军、空军、海军陆战队或太空军的四星将领,因此不能直接称为「美军第一位跨性别四星上将」。

川普重新入主白宫后,政府迅速逆转部分前朝军方人事及DEI政策。川普政府要求军方重新检视与DEI相关的政策、训练及计划,并对跨性别军人服役资格采取更严格的限制。赫格塞斯则成为这项军事政策转向的主要执行者之一。

赫格塞斯上任后已推动多项高层人事调整。根据公开资料,截至9月初,至少20名将军、海军将领及国防部高阶文职官员已被解职、被迫离任或自行离职,其中包括陆军、海军及空军的重要高阶军官。这些人事变动使五角大厦高层出现明显重组。

今年4月,赫格塞斯还要求陆军参谋长Randy George等高阶军官离开职务。George原本预计任期至2027年,相关调整发生在美军仍参与伊朗战事之际,因此引发外界对军队高层稳定性及人事决策标准的关注。

除了削减将官职位,赫格塞斯9月30日也宣布成立新的「自主战争司令部」(Autonomous Warfare Command),这将成为一个四星级作战司令部,负责加速无人机、自主系统及机器人技术在美军中的部署。五角大厦希望借此加快AI、自主武器及机器人系统的军事应用。

赫格塞斯同时宣布成立宗教事务办公室,并提出建立新的军事基地及提高军事基地能源自主能力等计划。此外,五角大厦将启动一项为期120天的未来战争研究计划,探讨AI、自主武器、机器人及其他新型军事科技对未来战场的影响。

这场高层重整也受到国会关注。部分议员认为,军队在伊朗战事及其他全球军事任务持续进行期间大幅更换高阶指挥人员,可能造成指挥体系的不确定性;支持改革的人士则认为,美军高层多年来已形成过于庞大的官僚结构,精简将官职位不但可以降低行政负担,也能把资源转向作战单位。

截至目前,赫格塞斯并未提出证据证明DEI政策本身导致美军战斗力下降,因此「DEI造成美军战力下滑」主要属于川普政府及赫格塞斯阵营对过去军事政策的批评,而不是已获一致确认的军事结论。相对地,反对者则认为,将高层人事变动与政治理念直接挂钩,可能弱化军队文官领导与军事专业之间的传统界线。

美军此次改革的另一个重要方向,是将高层人事调整与新型战争技术发展同步推进。赫格塞斯一方面削减部分传统高阶职位,另一方面成立自主战争司令部,显示五角大厦希望降低部分传统官僚层级,同时提高AI、无人机及自主系统在作战体系中的比重。

从组织规模来看,851名现役将军及将官相对于超过130万名现役军人不到1%,但这些职位负责统率美军主要军种、作战司令部及大型部队,因此任何大规模调整都可能影响军方的指挥链与人事升迁制度。

赫格塞斯则将这场改革描述为「问责」,而不是外界所称的「清洗」。他表示,美军已经完成约10%的高阶人事削减,现在再透过取消10%的将官职位,使整体高阶架构缩减20%。按照目前计划,相关改革将持续推进,部分职位可能在2027年1月1日前完成调整。

这场改革的核心争议因此不只是DEI,而是美军应如何在保持专业军事指挥体系的同时,缩减高层官僚架构、调整人事制度,并把更多资源转向新型战争能力。赫格塞斯希望借由这波重整建立更加强调战备及作战能力的军队,但改革的实际效果,以及大规模高层人事变动对美军战备与指挥稳定性的长期影响,仍有待后续发展。

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赫格塞斯称改革旨在精简高层、提升战备,并同步成立自主战争司令部推进AI、无人机部署。",
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    "content": "<p>美国战争部长赫格塞斯(Pete Hegseth)宣布,美军将进一步削减将军及将官职位,目标是将整体数量降低20%。赫格塞斯9月30日在维吉尼亚州匡蒂科海军陆战队基地发表「部队现况演说」时表示,目前美军已解职约10%的将军及将官,另外再削减10%的将官职位,因此整体降幅达20%。这项措施并非一次裁撤160名现役将领,而是透过解职、退休、未补缺及取消职位等方式,逐步缩减高阶指挥架构。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6620218/l/6e05b0ddce62f4dcada3088250099cd4.jpg\" alt=\"从DEI到AI战争 美军高层大洗牌 赫格塞斯推动将军及将官职位砍20%\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>根据美国国防部7月底数据,美军现役将军及将官约851人,包括陆军、海军、海军陆战队、空军及太空军;联邦法律规定的上限则为857人。若以851人作为基准,20%的职位削减相当于约170个职位。不过,实际减幅将取决于各军种如何调整编制,不能直接等同于170名现役将领遭到解职。</p>\n\n<p>赫格塞斯表示,这项改革的目的在于精简高层指挥结构、减少官僚层级,并让军队更加集中于训练、战备、纪律及作战能力。他表示,自己已经要求军方减少不必要的高阶职位,并认为过去的军事体系存在过多重复的指挥及行政层级。</p>\n\n<p>这也是赫格塞斯自2025年出任战争部长以来持续推动的军事重整之一。2025年5月,他曾要求各军种至少削减10%的将军及将官职位,国民兵将官职位则要求削减20%,并要求军方移除被认为重复或不必要的组织层级。最新方案则把整体削减幅度进一步提高至20%。</p>\n\n<p>赫格塞斯同时把这项改革与他所批评的「觉醒」文化及多元、公平与包容(DEI)政策连结。他在演说中表示,五角大厦不再是「觉醒部门」,军队的主要任务应重新集中在训练、战备、问责、纪律及杀伤力。他也表示,过去支持相关文化的人员如果无法配合新的政策方向,已经不再担任相关职务。</p>\n\n<p>不过,将军及将官职位削减与DEI政策并非完全相同的政策项目。赫格塞斯政府主张精简高层架构是为了提升效率及作战准备,而批评者则认为,近期大量高阶军官离任、职位调整及晋升受阻,可能同时反映政策方向及人事忠诚度考量。</p>\n\n<p>赫格塞斯在演说中也以相当强烈的语言描述他希望建立的军队文化,强调军人应以作战能力、体能、纪律及战备为核心,而不是把大量时间投入社会及文化议题。这番言论引发民主党人士、部分前国防官员及军事专家的批评,他们担心政治因素过度介入军队人事及指挥体系,并可能影响军队专业性与高层稳定。</p>\n\n<p>赫格塞斯及支持者则认为,军方高层长期扩张、行政程序过多,以及部分与作战无直接关联的政策,已经增加军队运作成本。赫格塞斯主张,军方应把更多资源投入实际战备,而不是维持过于庞大的高阶指挥结构。</p>\n\n<p>美军近年的DEI政策变化也成为此次改革的重要背景之一。欧巴马政府时期,美国正式结束「不问、不说」政策,2010年通过废除相关法律,并于2011年9月20日正式生效,让同性恋及双性恋军人可以公开身分服役。这项政策改革是美军人事制度重大转变之一,但与今日所称的DEI政策并不能完全画上等号。</p>\n\n<p>拜登政府上任后则进一步调整跨性别军人政策。拜登2021年1月25日签署行政命令,要求国防部及国土安全部采取措施恢复跨性别人士符合条件即可服役的政策。此后,美军持续推动与性别认同及多元包容相关的人事政策与训练。</p>\n\n<p>原文提及的蕾切尔.莱文则需要特别区分。莱文在2021年成为美国公共卫生服务军官团四星上将,是美国公共卫生服务军官团的一员,而不是陆军、海军、空军、海军陆战队或太空军的四星将领,因此不能直接称为「美军第一位跨性别四星上将」。</p>\n\n<p>川普重新入主白宫后,政府迅速逆转部分前朝军方人事及DEI政策。川普政府要求军方重新检视与DEI相关的政策、训练及计划,并对跨性别军人服役资格采取更严格的限制。赫格塞斯则成为这项军事政策转向的主要执行者之一。</p>\n\n<p>赫格塞斯上任后已推动多项高层人事调整。根据公开资料,截至9月初,至少20名将军、海军将领及国防部高阶文职官员已被解职、被迫离任或自行离职,其中包括陆军、海军及空军的重要高阶军官。这些人事变动使五角大厦高层出现明显重组。</p>\n\n<p>今年4月,赫格塞斯还要求陆军参谋长Randy George等高阶军官离开职务。George原本预计任期至2027年,相关调整发生在美军仍参与伊朗战事之际,因此引发外界对军队高层稳定性及人事决策标准的关注。</p>\n\n<p>除了削减将官职位,赫格塞斯9月30日也宣布成立新的「自主战争司令部」(Autonomous Warfare Command),这将成为一个四星级作战司令部,负责加速无人机、自主系统及机器人技术在美军中的部署。五角大厦希望借此加快AI、自主武器及机器人系统的军事应用。</p>\n\n<p>赫格塞斯同时宣布成立宗教事务办公室,并提出建立新的军事基地及提高军事基地能源自主能力等计划。此外,五角大厦将启动一项为期120天的未来战争研究计划,探讨AI、自主武器、机器人及其他新型军事科技对未来战场的影响。</p>\n\n<p>这场高层重整也受到国会关注。部分议员认为,军队在伊朗战事及其他全球军事任务持续进行期间大幅更换高阶指挥人员,可能造成指挥体系的不确定性;支持改革的人士则认为,美军高层多年来已形成过于庞大的官僚结构,精简将官职位不但可以降低行政负担,也能把资源转向作战单位。</p>\n\n<p>截至目前,赫格塞斯并未提出证据证明DEI政策本身导致美军战斗力下降,因此「DEI造成美军战力下滑」主要属于川普政府及赫格塞斯阵营对过去军事政策的批评,而不是已获一致确认的军事结论。相对地,反对者则认为,将高层人事变动与政治理念直接挂钩,可能弱化军队文官领导与军事专业之间的传统界线。</p>\n\n<p>美军此次改革的另一个重要方向,是将高层人事调整与新型战争技术发展同步推进。赫格塞斯一方面削减部分传统高阶职位,另一方面成立自主战争司令部,显示五角大厦希望降低部分传统官僚层级,同时提高AI、无人机及自主系统在作战体系中的比重。</p>\n\n<p>从组织规模来看,851名现役将军及将官相对于超过130万名现役军人不到1%,但这些职位负责统率美军主要军种、作战司令部及大型部队,因此任何大规模调整都可能影响军方的指挥链与人事升迁制度。</p>\n\n<p>赫格塞斯则将这场改革描述为「问责」,而不是外界所称的「清洗」。他表示,美军已经完成约10%的高阶人事削减,现在再透过取消10%的将官职位,使整体高阶架构缩减20%。按照目前计划,相关改革将持续推进,部分职位可能在2027年1月1日前完成调整。</p>\n\n<p>这场改革的核心争议因此不只是DEI,而是美军应如何在保持专业军事指挥体系的同时,缩减高层官僚架构、调整人事制度,并把更多资源转向新型战争能力。赫格塞斯希望借由这波重整建立更加强调战备及作战能力的军队,但改革的实际效果,以及大规模高层人事变动对美军战备与指挥稳定性的长期影响,仍有待后续发展。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18204.html\" title=\"10月升息预期再降温!Fed二把手称不急着出手\">10月升息预期再降温!Fed二把手称不急着出手</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18192.html\" title=\"新iPhone定价低于预期 大摩下修苹果目标价至355美元\">新iPhone定价低于预期 大摩下修苹果目标价至355美元</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18230.html\" title=\"德银点名9大科技股 将领军下一波AI投资热潮\">德银点名9大科技股 将领军下一波AI投资热潮</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18287.html\" title=\"杜拜航空喋血救治细节曝光 印度籍机长手部几乎被切断\">杜拜航空喋血救治细节曝光 印度籍机长手部几乎被切断</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18206.html\" title=\"查无违法就没事?Fed整修超支延宕 管理失误仍须问责\">查无违法就没事?Fed整修超支延宕 管理失误仍须问责</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18183.html\" title=\"美国上周初领失业金人数降至19.7万 续领创逾三年低点\">美国上周初领失业金人数降至19.7万 续领创逾三年低点</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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