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美国正重演1970年代滞胀危机?薪资追不上通膨、专家点「避险策略」

2026-10-05 08:16:41 网络 阅读(1)

美国经济正浮现1970年代的部分警讯,包括通膨升温、实质薪资下滑、能源危机与国际冲突加剧。随着最新就业报告显示,美国薪资增幅远低于物价涨幅,就业成长也大幅放缓,市场开始关注,这个全球最大经济体是否正走向另一个经济停滞与通膨并存的艰困时期。

美国正重演1970年代滞胀危机?薪资追不上通膨、专家点「避险策略」

《MarketWatch》专栏指出,当前美国经济与1970年代存在多项相似之处。当年美股与债券等主流资产表现疲弱,投资人若只依赖传统投资组合,可能难以抵御通膨侵蚀。

若类似情境再度出现,投资策略或许需要转向防御,并重新评估黄金、能源股及抗通膨债券在退休投资组合中的角色。

美国劳工部周五(2日)公布的最新数据显示,美国上月平均时薪仅月增0.13%,相当于每小时增加约0.05美元,且尚未扣除税负。

相较之下,克里夫兰联准银行最新估计,9月消费者物价月增0.53%,约为薪资增幅的4倍。

薪资与物价的落差也反映在长期购买力上。过去一年,美国平均时薪年增3%,但物价上涨3.6%,通膨几乎抵销劳工近两年累积的薪资增幅,使实质时薪回落至2024年秋季水准。

除了薪资购买力遭侵蚀,就业市场也出现降温迹象。最新报告显示,美国上月新增就业人数远低于经济学家预期,不到预测值的三分之一。

进一步检视过去一年的人口与就业变化,出生于美国的就业人口减少近100万人,同期移民就业人数则增加约50万人,与美国政府打击移民的政策方向形成对照。

荷姆兹海峡危机推升能源成本 通膨压力恐持续扩大

能源危机是目前美国通膨压力的重要来源。文章将伊朗控制荷姆兹海峡的局势,与1970年代两次石油输出国组织(OPEC)石油禁运相提并论,指出能源供应受阻可能带来广泛的经济冲击。

柴油价格飙升不仅增加运输成本,也可能推升各类商品与服务价格。克里夫兰联准银行估计,美国上月物价年化涨幅达6.5%,若这项估计成真,通膨升温的程度将进一步加剧。美国官方9月通膨数据预计于10月14日公布。

专栏指出,短期内薪资与物价增幅的差距或许看似有限,但若这种趋势持续,累积效应将逐步侵蚀民众生活水准。1970年代美国实质平均薪资累计下滑7%。

此外,官方通膨数据能否完整反映一般家庭的实际生活成本,也受到质疑。随着日常采购与每月帐单持续增加,民众感受到的通膨压力可能与统计数字存在落差。

文章也指出,美国经济不满情绪已跨越政党界线,甚至包括多数共和党选民在内,对经济现况感到不满。

1970年代传统资产表现疲弱 黄金与能源股相对抗跌

文章指出,若美国经济再次陷入长期通膨与低成长环境,1970年代的资产表现或许能为投资人提供参考。

根据纽约大学史登商学院(NYU Stern School of Business)数据,1970年初至1980年初,标普500指数扣除通膨后,整整10年累计实质报酬仅约4%,并非年化报酬,而是整个十年的总报酬,且尚未扣除税费。

同期,美国短期国库券及现金投资的实质价值下滑11%,投资级公司债实质报酬为负17%,10年期美国公债则损失35%。

相较之下,能源股与黄金展现不同的表现。根据达特茅斯学院金融学教授Kenneth French的数据,1970年代能源股扣除通膨后仍让投资人资产翻倍,黄金实质价格则上涨逾500%。

黄金当时的大幅上涨,部分原因在于此前约40年间,黄金价格受到政府政策压抑。

抗通膨债券实质殖利率吸引投资人 留意长天期波动风险

除了黄金与能源股,抗通膨公债(TIPS)也是文章提出的另一项配置选择。

TIPS的本金会依据消费者物价指数(CPI)变动调整,借此降低通膨对债券购买力的侵蚀。不过,这类债券在1970年代尚未问世。

文章指出,今年TIPS价格走低,使投资人有机会锁定高于通膨的实质殖利率。即使是存续期间较短、风险与波动相对较低的债券,实质殖利率也可达2.5%;长天期TIPS的实质殖利率则最高约3.3%。

不过,要注意的是,长天期债券伴随较大的价格波动。

对于希望降低波动风险的投资人,专栏提及安硕美国0-5年期抗通胀国债指数ETF(STIP-US) ,作为短天期抗通膨债券基金的例子。这类基金兼具通膨防护与相对较低的价格波动。

文章最后强调,重返1970年代的经济困境并非必然,但在能源危机、通膨压力与薪资成长停滞等风险交织之际,投资人仍应为较不利的经济情境预作准备。

该文章引用小说角色杰克.李奇(Jack Reacher)的话,核心精神是「抱持最好的希望,同时为最坏的情况做好准备」。

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若风险持续,专栏建议留意黄金、能源股与TIPS;1970年代黄金涨逾500%、标普500实质报酬仅约4%。",
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    "content": "<p>美国经济正浮现1970年代的部分警讯,包括通膨升温、实质薪资下滑、能源危机与国际冲突加剧。随着最新就业报告显示,美国薪资增幅远低于物价涨幅,就业成长也大幅放缓,市场开始关注,这个全球最大经济体是否正走向另一个经济停滞与通膨并存的艰困时期。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6621005/l/509526ebd3fb1f643580d13c25d38ee7.jpg\" alt=\"美国正重演1970年代滞胀危机?薪资追不上通膨、专家点「避险策略」\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>《MarketWatch》专栏指出,当前美国经济与1970年代存在多项相似之处。当年美股与债券等主流资产表现疲弱,投资人若只依赖传统投资组合,可能难以抵御通膨侵蚀。</p>\n\n<p>若类似情境再度出现,投资策略或许需要转向防御,并重新评估黄金、能源股及抗通膨债券在退休投资组合中的角色。</p>\n\n<p>美国劳工部周五(2日)公布的最新数据显示,美国上月平均时薪仅月增0.13%,相当于每小时增加约0.05美元,且尚未扣除税负。</p>\n\n<p>相较之下,克里夫兰联准银行最新估计,9月消费者物价月增0.53%,约为薪资增幅的4倍。</p>\n\n<p>薪资与物价的落差也反映在长期购买力上。过去一年,美国平均时薪年增3%,但物价上涨3.6%,通膨几乎抵销劳工近两年累积的薪资增幅,使实质时薪回落至2024年秋季水准。</p>\n\n<p>除了薪资购买力遭侵蚀,就业市场也出现降温迹象。最新报告显示,美国上月新增就业人数远低于经济学家预期,不到预测值的三分之一。</p>\n\n<p>进一步检视过去一年的人口与就业变化,出生于美国的就业人口减少近100万人,同期移民就业人数则增加约50万人,与美国政府打击移民的政策方向形成对照。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>荷姆兹海峡危机推升能源成本</strong><strong> </strong><strong>通膨压力恐持续扩大</strong></h6>\n\n<p>能源危机是目前美国通膨压力的重要来源。文章将伊朗控制荷姆兹海峡的局势,与1970年代两次石油输出国组织(OPEC)石油禁运相提并论,指出能源供应受阻可能带来广泛的经济冲击。</p>\n\n<p>柴油价格飙升不仅增加运输成本,也可能推升各类商品与服务价格。克里夫兰联准银行估计,美国上月物价年化涨幅达6.5%,若这项估计成真,通膨升温的程度将进一步加剧。美国官方9月通膨数据预计于10月14日公布。</p>\n\n<p>专栏指出,短期内薪资与物价增幅的差距或许看似有限,但若这种趋势持续,累积效应将逐步侵蚀民众生活水准。1970年代美国实质平均薪资累计下滑7%。</p>\n\n<p>此外,官方通膨数据能否完整反映一般家庭的实际生活成本,也受到质疑。随着日常采购与每月帐单持续增加,民众感受到的通膨压力可能与统计数字存在落差。</p>\n\n<p>文章也指出,美国经济不满情绪已跨越政党界线,甚至包括多数共和党选民在内,对经济现况感到不满。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>1970</strong><strong>年代传统资</strong><strong>产</strong><strong>表现疲弱</strong><strong> </strong><strong>黄金与能源股相对抗跌</strong></h6>\n\n<p>文章指出,若美国经济再次陷入长期通膨与低成长环境,1970年代的资产表现或许能为投资人提供参考。</p>\n\n<p>根据纽约大学史登商学院(NYU Stern School of Business)数据,1970年初至1980年初,标普500指数扣除通膨后,整整10年累计实质报酬仅约4%,并非年化报酬,而是整个十年的总报酬,且尚未扣除税费。</p>\n\n<p>同期,美国短期国库券及现金投资的实质价值下滑11%,投资级公司债实质报酬为负17%,10年期美国公债则损失35%。</p>\n\n<p>相较之下,能源股与黄金展现不同的表现。根据达特茅斯学院金融学教授Kenneth French的数据,1970年代能源股扣除通膨后仍让投资人资产翻倍,黄金实质价格则上涨逾500%。</p>\n\n<p>黄金当时的大幅上涨,部分原因在于此前约40年间,黄金价格受到政府政策压抑。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>抗通膨债券实质殖利率吸引投资人</strong><strong> </strong><strong>留意长天期波动风险</strong></h6>\n\n<p>除了黄金与能源股,抗通膨公债(TIPS)也是文章提出的另一项配置选择。</p>\n\n<p>TIPS的本金会依据消费者物价指数(CPI)变动调整,借此降低通膨对债券购买力的侵蚀。不过,这类债券在1970年代尚未问世。</p>\n\n<p>文章指出,今年TIPS价格走低,使投资人有机会锁定高于通膨的实质殖利率。即使是存续期间较短、风险与波动相对较低的债券,实质殖利率也可达2.5%;长天期TIPS的实质殖利率则最高约3.3%。</p>\n\n<p>不过,要注意的是,长天期债券伴随较大的价格波动。</p>\n\n<p>对于希望降低波动风险的投资人,专栏提及安硕美国0-5年期抗通胀国债指数ETF(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:STIP:STOCK:ETF\" href=\"#\">STIP-US</a>) ,作为短天期抗通膨债券基金的例子。这类基金兼具通膨防护与相对较低的价格波动。</p>\n\n<p>文章最后强调,重返1970年代的经济困境并非必然,但在能源危机、通膨压力与薪资成长停滞等风险交织之际,投资人仍应为较不利的经济情境预作准备。</p>\n\n<p>该文章引用小说角色杰克.李奇(Jack Reacher)的话,核心精神是「抱持最好的希望,同时为最坏的情况做好准备」。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18517.html\" title=\"再跟七项条件挂钩!伊朗回应美国:若不落实 荷姆兹海峡绝不恢复通航\">再跟七项条件挂钩!伊朗回应美国:若不落实 荷姆兹海峡绝不恢复通航</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18484.html\" title=\"德国总理无预告突访基辅 将再向乌克兰提供13.5亿欧元援助\">德国总理无预告突访基辅 将再向乌克兰提供13.5亿欧元援助</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18461.html\" title=\"体力变差?华尔街日报:「川习会」中方要求配合习近平休息\">体力变差?华尔街日报:「川习会」中方要求配合习近平休息</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18497.html\" title=\"为废除「冬令时间」 川普把参议员手机号挂到网上\">为废除「冬令时间」 川普把参议员手机号挂到网上</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18478.html\" title=\"美股震荡美债走高免惊!野村提解方:靠「成长+基建+债券」3箭齐发\">美股震荡美债走高免惊!野村提解方:靠「成长+基建+债券」3箭齐发</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-18504.html\" title=\"〈走进中国〉有人想离开 有人等着进 空姐下跪事件背后职场围城\">〈走进中国〉有人想离开 有人等着进 空姐下跪事件背后职场围城</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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