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特斯拉Robotaxi遇监管急煞!申请5000辆最终只拿10张牌 外带一堆限制

2026-08-25 11:36:07 网络 阅读(1)

拉斯维加斯Robotaxi市场迎来新竞争者,但特斯拉的商业化步伐暂时受到严格限制。特斯拉(TSLA-US)今年6月向德拉瓦州交通管理局申请最多5,000辆Robotaxi的营运许可,最终仅获准部署10辆,而且只能在拉斯维加斯大道指定路段行驶,显示当地监管机构对无人驾驶载客服务仍采取审慎态度。

特斯拉Robotaxi遇监管急煞!申请5000辆最终只拿10张牌 外带一堆限制

拉斯维加斯大道是当地博彩与观光产业核心区域。2025年,拉斯维加斯大道赌场博彩收入约88亿美元,平均每天约2,400万美元,占全州158亿美元博彩总收入约56%;同年接待游客约3,850万人次,并直接创造超过25万个就业机会。对Robotaxi业者而言,这个高度集中且旅客密集的市场具有相当大的商业价值,因此特斯拉希望一次取得5,000辆车的营运规模并不令人意外。

然而,特斯拉提出的5,000辆申请与最终获批的10辆之间存在巨大落差。根据德拉瓦州交通管理局核发的许可,特斯拉目前最多只能部署10辆Robotaxi,而且车辆必须限定在监管机构划定的拉斯维加斯大道指定路段行驶,最高时速不得超过45英里(约72.4公里)。

更重要的是,特斯拉Robotaxi暂时无法自由服务拉斯维加斯最重要的机场客源。许可规定,除非取得机场营运方许可并完成所有政府审批,Robotaxi不得在机场0.25英里(约0.4公里)范围内接载乘客。由于哈里·里德国际机场是拉斯维加斯主要航空门户,这项限制可能直接压缩特斯拉最具价值的旅客接驳市场。

此外,所有获准营运的特斯拉车辆都必须清楚标示「Robotaxi」,并在每次行程开始前告知乘客搭乘的是无人驾驶车辆。营运也必须符合美国汽车工程师学会(SAE)相关标准,并配备「相应的人工监管」。

这项人工监管要求尤其值得注意。特斯拉自2026年1月起已在德州奥斯汀部分区域提供车内没有安全员的载客服务,因此此次在拉斯维加斯取得的牌照条件显然更为严格。这意味着特斯拉尚未取得在其他市场同等程度的无人化营运权限。

克拉克县本身并不负责核发Robotaxi营运牌照,但却必须承担相关服务在当地道路营运可能带来的影响。克拉克县表示,按照现行制度,地方政府只能被动处理州交通管理局批准后产生的问题,却没有参与相关规则制定的权力。

克拉克县发言人向《财富》表示:「克拉克县并未授权这类交通服务在本县道路运营,但Robotaxi运营会对我们产生直接影响。」受影响的单位包括克拉克县消防局、执照管理部门以及哈里·里德国际机场等。县政府表示,目前正积极了解相关情况,希望未来能更有效协调类似自动驾驶服务。

特斯拉与德拉瓦州交通管理局则未回应《财富》的置评要求。

事实上,特斯拉在取得营运牌照之前,已经开始为拉斯维加斯Robotaxi服务打造基础设施。公司计划投入310万美元,改造拉斯维加斯山谷西南部一栋约3.7万平方英尺(约3,437.4平方公尺)的建筑,作为相关业务设施,同时招募拉斯维加斯Robotaxi业务所需人员。

这种模式也是特斯拉与部分竞争对手最大的不同之一。特斯拉从整车制造、自动驾驶软体开发,到Robotaxi商业营运与牌照申请,基本上掌握整个产业链;亚马逊(Amazon, AMZN-US)旗下Zoox以及Motional等竞争者,则采取不同程度的租赁、合作或专业化营运模式。

Zoox在拉斯维加斯的发展,也可能是德拉瓦州交通管理局决定限制特斯拉初始车队规模的重要参考。

Zoox自2025年起在当地取得营运牌照,最初最多只能部署65辆车,而且只能提供免费载客服务。今年7月,州交通管理局进一步修改Zoox牌照,将允许车队规模提高至最多100辆,并正式允许其收费营运。

到了8月10日,Zoox又取得美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)为期两年的联邦豁免,允许其在全美最多部署2,500辆Robotaxi,为其正式商业化扫除另一项监管障碍。

Zoox之所以需要联邦豁免,是因为其Robotaxi采用没有传统方向盘与煞车、油门踏板的特殊设计,因此无法完全符合部分现行联邦汽车安全标准。取得豁免后,Zoox才得以正式扩大收费Robotaxi服务。

Zoox目前在拉斯维加斯的营运数据也相当可观。公司表示,其车队自去年以来在当地累计行驶超过300万英里(约482.8万公里),免费载客接近100万人次。目前约有50辆Zoox车辆在拉斯维加斯大道提供服务,收费定位则高于优步(Uber, UBER-US)标准UberX叫车服务。

报导指出,Zoox过去在拉斯维加斯最多曾部署100辆车,并在拉斯维加斯大道完成约35万次载客。相较之下,特斯拉目前只获准部署10辆车,可能反映监管机构希望采取「先小规模测试、再逐步扩张」的方式。

从监管角度来看,Zoox的经验也提供了相当清楚的路径。当业者累积足够的安全纪录、载客数据与道路营运经验后,监管机构再逐步放宽车队数量与收费限制。特斯拉虽然拥有庞大的车辆规模与自动驾驶技术基础,但在拉斯维加斯仍必须先通过这个测试阶段。

特斯拉目前在自动驾驶领域的策略,也正从原本以驾驶辅助系统为核心,逐步转向Robotaxi商业化。公司一直将自动驾驶视为未来成长的重要支柱,执行长马斯克更曾多次强调Robotaxi将改变特斯拉的商业模式。

但拉斯维加斯的牌照结果显示,Robotaxi从技术展示走向大规模商业服务,中间仍存在相当大的监管门槛。尤其拉斯维加斯大道具有大量旅客、复杂道路环境、饭店与娱乐设施密集等特性,一旦Robotaxi发生事故或交通异常,消防、警察、机场及地方交通管理单位都可能受到影响。

这也是为什么监管机构目前更倾向采取有限车队规模与指定营运区域。透过10辆车的初期测试,当局可以观察特斯拉在真实旅游环境中的安全表现、车辆故障率、乘客反应以及与其他道路使用者互动情况,再决定是否允许扩大规模。

对特斯拉而言,真正的挑战并不是能否取得第一批Robotaxi牌照,而是能否证明其服务可以在没有传统人类驾驶的情况下安全、大规模且稳定运作。

目前特斯拉在拉斯维加斯最多只能部署10辆Robotaxi,营运范围局限于拉斯维加斯大道指定路段,最高时速45英里,而且机场周边接客仍须取得额外许可。至于正式开始载客服务的时间,目前尚未公布。

如果特斯拉后续能累积足够的安全与营运数据,这10辆车可能只是进入拉斯维加斯市场的第一步;但若监管机构认为其营运仍存在安全或管理疑虑,原本申请的5,000辆车规模恐怕仍需要很长时间才能实现。

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    "title": "特斯拉Robotaxi遇监管急煞!申请5000辆最终只拿10张牌 外带一堆限制",
    "shortTitle": "特斯拉Robotaxi遇监管急煞!申请5000辆最终只拿10",
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    "description": "特斯拉申请在拉斯维加斯部署5,000辆Robotaxi,最终仅获准10辆,且限速45英里、不得直接在机场周边接客。相较之下,Zoox已获准扩大至100辆,特斯拉的自驾商业化仍面临监管考验。",
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    "content": "<p>拉斯维加斯Robotaxi市场迎来新竞争者,但特斯拉的商业化步伐暂时受到严格限制。特斯拉(TSLA-US)今年6月向德拉瓦州交通管理局申请最多5,000辆Robotaxi的营运许可,最终仅获准部署10辆,而且只能在拉斯维加斯大道指定路段行驶,显示当地监管机构对无人驾驶载客服务仍采取审慎态度。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6585953/l/11ca1792bea57e8774a5da14e87d9f4e.jpg\" alt=\"特斯拉Robotaxi遇监管急煞!申请5000辆最终只拿10张牌 外带一堆限制\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>拉斯维加斯大道是当地博彩与观光产业核心区域。2025年,拉斯维加斯大道赌场博彩收入约88亿美元,平均每天约2,400万美元,占全州158亿美元博彩总收入约56%;同年接待游客约3,850万人次,并直接创造超过25万个就业机会。对Robotaxi业者而言,这个高度集中且旅客密集的市场具有相当大的商业价值,因此特斯拉希望一次取得5,000辆车的营运规模并不令人意外。</p>\n\n<p>然而,特斯拉提出的5,000辆申请与最终获批的10辆之间存在巨大落差。根据德拉瓦州交通管理局核发的许可,特斯拉目前最多只能部署10辆Robotaxi,而且车辆必须限定在监管机构划定的拉斯维加斯大道指定路段行驶,最高时速不得超过45英里(约72.4公里)。</p>\n\n<p>更重要的是,特斯拉Robotaxi暂时无法自由服务拉斯维加斯最重要的机场客源。许可规定,除非取得机场营运方许可并完成所有政府审批,Robotaxi不得在机场0.25英里(约0.4公里)范围内接载乘客。由于哈里&middot;里德国际机场是拉斯维加斯主要航空门户,这项限制可能直接压缩特斯拉最具价值的旅客接驳市场。</p>\n\n<p>此外,所有获准营运的特斯拉车辆都必须清楚标示「Robotaxi」,并在每次行程开始前告知乘客搭乘的是无人驾驶车辆。营运也必须符合美国汽车工程师学会(SAE)相关标准,并配备「相应的人工监管」。</p>\n\n<p>这项人工监管要求尤其值得注意。特斯拉自2026年1月起已在德州奥斯汀部分区域提供车内没有安全员的载客服务,因此此次在拉斯维加斯取得的牌照条件显然更为严格。这意味着特斯拉尚未取得在其他市场同等程度的无人化营运权限。</p>\n\n<p>克拉克县本身并不负责核发Robotaxi营运牌照,但却必须承担相关服务在当地道路营运可能带来的影响。克拉克县表示,按照现行制度,地方政府只能被动处理州交通管理局批准后产生的问题,却没有参与相关规则制定的权力。</p>\n\n<p>克拉克县发言人向《财富》表示:「克拉克县并未授权这类交通服务在本县道路运营,但Robotaxi运营会对我们产生直接影响。」受影响的单位包括克拉克县消防局、执照管理部门以及哈里&middot;里德国际机场等。县政府表示,目前正积极了解相关情况,希望未来能更有效协调类似自动驾驶服务。</p>\n\n<p>特斯拉与德拉瓦州交通管理局则未回应《财富》的置评要求。</p>\n\n<p>事实上,特斯拉在取得营运牌照之前,已经开始为拉斯维加斯Robotaxi服务打造基础设施。公司计划投入310万美元,改造拉斯维加斯山谷西南部一栋约3.7万平方英尺(约3,437.4平方公尺)的建筑,作为相关业务设施,同时招募拉斯维加斯Robotaxi业务所需人员。</p>\n\n<p>这种模式也是特斯拉与部分竞争对手最大的不同之一。特斯拉从整车制造、自动驾驶软体开发,到Robotaxi商业营运与牌照申请,基本上掌握整个产业链;亚马逊(Amazon, AMZN-US)旗下Zoox以及Motional等竞争者,则采取不同程度的租赁、合作或专业化营运模式。</p>\n\n<p>Zoox在拉斯维加斯的发展,也可能是德拉瓦州交通管理局决定限制特斯拉初始车队规模的重要参考。</p>\n\n<p>Zoox自2025年起在当地取得营运牌照,最初最多只能部署65辆车,而且只能提供免费载客服务。今年7月,州交通管理局进一步修改Zoox牌照,将允许车队规模提高至最多100辆,并正式允许其收费营运。</p>\n\n<p>到了8月10日,Zoox又取得美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)为期两年的联邦豁免,允许其在全美最多部署2,500辆Robotaxi,为其正式商业化扫除另一项监管障碍。</p>\n\n<p>Zoox之所以需要联邦豁免,是因为其Robotaxi采用没有传统方向盘与煞车、油门踏板的特殊设计,因此无法完全符合部分现行联邦汽车安全标准。取得豁免后,Zoox才得以正式扩大收费Robotaxi服务。</p>\n\n<p>Zoox目前在拉斯维加斯的营运数据也相当可观。公司表示,其车队自去年以来在当地累计行驶超过300万英里(约482.8万公里),免费载客接近100万人次。目前约有50辆Zoox车辆在拉斯维加斯大道提供服务,收费定位则高于优步(Uber, UBER-US)标准UberX叫车服务。</p>\n\n<p>报导指出,Zoox过去在拉斯维加斯最多曾部署100辆车,并在拉斯维加斯大道完成约35万次载客。相较之下,特斯拉目前只获准部署10辆车,可能反映监管机构希望采取「先小规模测试、再逐步扩张」的方式。</p>\n\n<p>从监管角度来看,Zoox的经验也提供了相当清楚的路径。当业者累积足够的安全纪录、载客数据与道路营运经验后,监管机构再逐步放宽车队数量与收费限制。特斯拉虽然拥有庞大的车辆规模与自动驾驶技术基础,但在拉斯维加斯仍必须先通过这个测试阶段。</p>\n\n<p>特斯拉目前在自动驾驶领域的策略,也正从原本以驾驶辅助系统为核心,逐步转向Robotaxi商业化。公司一直将自动驾驶视为未来成长的重要支柱,执行长马斯克更曾多次强调Robotaxi将改变特斯拉的商业模式。</p>\n\n<p>但拉斯维加斯的牌照结果显示,Robotaxi从技术展示走向大规模商业服务,中间仍存在相当大的监管门槛。尤其拉斯维加斯大道具有大量旅客、复杂道路环境、饭店与娱乐设施密集等特性,一旦Robotaxi发生事故或交通异常,消防、警察、机场及地方交通管理单位都可能受到影响。</p>\n\n<p>这也是为什么监管机构目前更倾向采取有限车队规模与指定营运区域。透过10辆车的初期测试,当局可以观察特斯拉在真实旅游环境中的安全表现、车辆故障率、乘客反应以及与其他道路使用者互动情况,再决定是否允许扩大规模。</p>\n\n<p>对特斯拉而言,真正的挑战并不是能否取得第一批Robotaxi牌照,而是能否证明其服务可以在没有传统人类驾驶的情况下安全、大规模且稳定运作。</p>\n\n<p>目前特斯拉在拉斯维加斯最多只能部署10辆Robotaxi,营运范围局限于拉斯维加斯大道指定路段,最高时速45英里,而且机场周边接客仍须取得额外许可。至于正式开始载客服务的时间,目前尚未公布。</p>\n\n<p>如果特斯拉后续能累积足够的安全与营运数据,这10辆车可能只是进入拉斯维加斯市场的第一步;但若监管机构认为其营运仍存在安全或管理疑虑,原本申请的5,000辆车规模恐怕仍需要很长时间才能实现。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-5319.html\" title=\"记忆体价格暴涨300% 中国硬碟价格水涨船高\">记忆体价格暴涨300% 中国硬碟价格水涨船高</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-8737.html\" title=\"全球晶片股集体重挫!AI回报疑虑引爆获利了结 韩股跌逾10% 费半自高点回档25%\">全球晶片股集体重挫!AI回报疑虑引爆获利了结 韩股跌逾10% 费半自高点回档25%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-12423.html\" title=\"《日经》日本专利竞争力下滑!全球占比20年缩至8%、中国申请量已是美日韩欧1.3倍\">《日经》日本专利竞争力下滑!全球占比20年缩至8%、中国申请量已是美日韩欧1.3倍</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-6913.html\" title=\"不止车用晶片!辉达将供应丰田GPU与开发工具 在自动操控机械「物理AI」领域扩大日企合作\">不止车用晶片!辉达将供应丰田GPU与开发工具 在自动操控机械「物理AI」领域扩大日企合作</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-7345.html\" title=\"AI牛市结束了吗?市场充满疑虑 野村列四种潜在拐点:定价混乱 市场观望气氛浓\">AI牛市结束了吗?市场充满疑虑 野村列四种潜在拐点:定价混乱 市场观望气氛浓</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-9235.html\" title=\"Kimi K3发布后美AI股市值蒸发4700亿美元 矽谷惊叹中国AI崛起速度\">Kimi K3发布后美AI股市值蒸发4700亿美元 矽谷惊叹中国AI崛起速度</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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