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长抱个股失灵?研究:仅23.2%标普成分股十年跑赢大盘

2026-09-26 13:30:02 网络 阅读(1)

「买进好股票并长期持有」向来是华尔街广为流传的投资准则,但随着美股涨幅日益集中于少数大型企业,Trivariate Research 创办人 Adam Parker 认为,买进强势股后长抱不动的策略,可能已不再适合目前的市场环境。

长抱个股失灵?研究:仅23.2%标普成分股十年跑赢大盘

《MarketWatch》报导,Trivariate 分析显示,以 10 年为持有期间,仅有 23.2% 的标普 500 成分股能够跑赢指数;即使把期间缩短至 3 年,胜过大盘的比率也仅约 27%。

「真正跑赢市场的股票非常少,但这些赢家的领先幅度却非常大。」Parker 表示。

Parker 认为,短天期选择权、杠杆型 ETF 及大型科技股崛起,进一步扩大美股赢家与输家之间的差距。AI巨头辉达 (NVDA-US) 等大型企业在指数中的影响力提高,市场报酬也越来越集中于少数股票。

投资人如果未能在适当时点持有记忆体、半导体或「科技七巨头」等强势族群,投资绩效便可能落后标普 500 指数。今年标普 500 指数内「负Beta」股票数量升至近年高点,也反映个股与大盘走势分化加剧。

研究显示,即使具备一定选股能力,时间也未必站在投资人这一边。

选股表现能够稳定处于第 70 百分位的投资人,如果每年重新调整投资组合,可以跑赢标普 500 指数;但若将同一批股票持有 3 年或 10 年,超额报酬便会消失。

Parker 因此认为,投资人不应预设任何股票都适合持有 3 年、5 年甚至 10 年,而应持续评估个别持股面临的近期风险,同时衡量新的投资机会。

至于最适合的持有期限,Parker 坦言难以提出一致答案。他主张,主动投资人必须保持灵活,当个别公司的风险或市场机会发生变化时,应考虑调整投资组合。

值得注意的是,这项研究并未完全推翻巴菲特价值投资的长期原则。

巴菲特在 1988 年致波克夏·海瑟威股东的信中表示,当公司拥有卓越业务及优秀管理团队时,他偏好的持有期间是「永远」(forever)。

巴菲特同时批评一种常见行为:投资人急着卖掉表现优异的企业、实现获利,却长期持有令人失望的公司。他所说的「永远持有」具有明确前提,并非主张任何股票买进后都不再检视。

Parker 与巴菲特的着眼点并不相同。

Parker 讨论的是,在市场报酬高度集中后,主动选股者是否应缩短检视及调整持股的周期;巴菲特则强调,只有真正卓越的企业与优秀的经营团队,才符合长期持有的条件。

因此,两种观点并非完全对立。

Parker 质疑点在于,投资人挑选少数个股后,无论企业及市场环境如何改变都长抱不动;巴菲特主张的长期持有,则建立在企业持续符合投资条件的基础上。

这项研究也不能直接套用于长期持有标普 500 ETF。以 SPDR 标普 500 指数型基金 (SPY-US) 为例,其目标是在扣除费用前,追踪标普 500 指数的价格及收益表现。

Parker 的研究比较个股与指数的长期报酬,并未直接检验长期持有 SPY 的成效。不过,既然研究显示大盘报酬主要来自少数大赢家,持有整体指数便可降低投资人选错单一股票,或漏掉指数内主要赢家的风险。

这也与巴菲特对被动投资的态度相符。他在 2013 年股东信中表示,已指示遗产受托人将留给妻子的资金配置为 90% 低成本标普 500 指数基金,其余 10% 投资短期美债。

整体而言,Parker 的分析提醒主动投资人,长期持有不能取代对企业与投资组合的持续检视;巴菲特则为长期持有设定严格前提。至于追踪整体市场的 SPY,由于投资标的是一篮子大型企业,与长期持有少数个股面临的选股风险并不相同。

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    "content": "<p>「买进好股票并长期持有」向来是华尔街广为流传的投资准则,但随着美股涨幅日益集中于少数大型企业,Trivariate Research 创办人 Adam Parker 认为,买进强势股后长抱不动的策略,可能已不再适合目前的市场环境。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6615154/l/c0ba4989a40d5e9964c7c64207efe0ce.jpg\" alt=\"长抱个股失灵?研究:仅23.2%标普成分股十年跑赢大盘\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>《MarketWatch》报导,Trivariate 分析显示,以 10 年为持有期间,仅有 23.2% 的标普 500 成分股能够跑赢指数;即使把期间缩短至 3 年,胜过大盘的比率也仅约 27%。</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>「真正跑赢市场的股票非常少,但这些赢家的领先幅度却非常大。」Parker 表示。</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>Parker 认为,短天期选择权、杠杆型 ETF 及大型科技股崛起,进一步扩大美股赢家与输家之间的差距。AI巨头辉达 (NVDA-US) 等大型企业在指数中的影响力提高,市场报酬也越来越集中于少数股票。</p>\n\n<p>投资人如果未能在适当时点持有记忆体、半导体或「科技七巨头」等强势族群,投资绩效便可能落后标普 500 指数。今年标普 500 指数内「负Beta」股票数量升至近年高点,也反映个股与大盘走势分化加剧。</p>\n\n<p>研究显示,即使具备一定选股能力,时间也未必站在投资人这一边。</p>\n\n<p>选股表现能够稳定处于第 70 百分位的投资人,如果每年重新调整投资组合,可以跑赢标普 500 指数;但若将同一批股票持有 3 年或 10 年,超额报酬便会消失。</p>\n\n<p>Parker 因此认为,投资人不应预设任何股票都适合持有 3 年、5 年甚至 10 年,而应持续评估个别持股面临的近期风险,同时衡量新的投资机会。</p>\n\n<p>至于最适合的持有期限,Parker 坦言难以提出一致答案。他主张,主动投资人必须保持灵活,当个别公司的风险或市场机会发生变化时,应考虑调整投资组合。</p>\n\n<p>值得注意的是,这项研究并未完全推翻巴菲特价值投资的长期原则。</p>\n\n<p>巴菲特在 1988 年致波克夏&middot;海瑟威股东的信中表示,当公司拥有卓越业务及优秀管理团队时,他偏好的持有期间是「永远」(forever)。</p>\n\n<p>巴菲特同时批评一种常见行为:投资人急着卖掉表现优异的企业、实现获利,却长期持有令人失望的公司。他所说的「永远持有」具有明确前提,并非主张任何股票买进后都不再检视。</p>\n\n<p>Parker 与巴菲特的着眼点并不相同。</p>\n\n<p>Parker 讨论的是,在市场报酬高度集中后,主动选股者是否应缩短检视及调整持股的周期;巴菲特则强调,只有真正卓越的企业与优秀的经营团队,才符合长期持有的条件。</p>\n\n<p>因此,两种观点并非完全对立。</p>\n\n<p>Parker 质疑点在于,投资人挑选少数个股后,无论企业及市场环境如何改变都长抱不动;巴菲特主张的长期持有,则建立在企业持续符合投资条件的基础上。</p>\n\n<p>这项研究也不能直接套用于长期持有标普 500 ETF。以 SPDR 标普 500 指数型基金 (SPY-US) 为例,其目标是在扣除费用前,追踪标普 500 指数的价格及收益表现。</p>\n\n<p>Parker 的研究比较个股与指数的长期报酬,并未直接检验长期持有 SPY 的成效。不过,既然研究显示大盘报酬主要来自少数大赢家,持有整体指数便可降低投资人选错单一股票,或漏掉指数内主要赢家的风险。</p>\n\n<p>这也与巴菲特对被动投资的态度相符。他在 2013 年股东信中表示,已指示遗产受托人将留给妻子的资金配置为 90% 低成本标普 500 指数基金,其余 10% 投资短期美债。</p>\n\n<p>整体而言,Parker 的分析提醒主动投资人,长期持有不能取代对企业与投资组合的持续检视;巴菲特则为长期持有设定严格前提。至于追踪整体市场的 SPY,由于投资标的是一篮子大型企业,与长期持有少数个股面临的选股风险并不相同。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-889.html\" title=\"腾讯自研「沧海」晶片获MSU比赛第一 超越AMD与辉达\">腾讯自研「沧海」晶片获MSU比赛第一 超越AMD与辉达</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-8203.html\" title=\"马斯克预言AI五年超越人类!反对全面管制、提「同业互查」取代政府监管、谈OpenAI恩怨\">马斯克预言AI五年超越人类!反对全面管制、提「同业互查」取代政府监管、谈OpenAI恩怨</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-13280.html\" title=\"储存晶片供给满足率不足5成 美银:9月现货价料再涨10%至20% DRAM产值成长可逾80%\">储存晶片供给满足率不足5成 美银:9月现货价料再涨10%至20% DRAM产值成长可逾80%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-11356.html\" title=\"中国智慧手机市场618后销量跌幅突破双位数 下半年成本压力品牌恐再涨价\">中国智慧手机市场618后销量跌幅突破双位数 下半年成本压力品牌恐再涨价</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-9213.html\" title=\"曾送外卖给川普!美最大外卖平台使用中国AI 国会不忍了高声喊查\">曾送外卖给川普!美最大外卖平台使用中国AI 国会不忍了高声喊查</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-1900.html\" title=\"博通CEO回应股价暴跌称「从不关心股价」!专注技术领先  看好与Google、Anthropic的合作\">博通CEO回应股价暴跌称「从不关心股价」!专注技术领先  看好与Google、Anthropic的合作</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-09-26T04:40:02.000Z",
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