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3奈米产能不足+FEC算法漏洞!专家:1.6T光模组供应为主要瓶颈 供需缺口至少持续至2027下半年

2026-11-08 18:14:01 网络 阅读(84)

根据野村周二(22日)召开的AI基础设施服务商专家电话会议纪录,1.6T光模组正踩下产业放量的煞车,而卡住它的不是产能意愿,是3奈米制程。1.6T光模组数位讯号处理器(DSP)的结构性供应缺口至少将持续至2027年下半年,因先进制程产能不足与良率偏低,而非需求端的短暂波动。

3奈米产能不足+FEC算法漏洞!专家:1.6T光模组供应为主要瓶颈 供需缺口至少持续至2027下半年

专家认为,缺口规模从2026年的约300万颗,扩大至2027年的逾2000万颗。今年1.6T DSP需求预计超过2000万颗,实际出货仅1600万至1700万颗,缺口约300万至400万颗;明年需求将攀升至6000万至7000万颗,供给仅4000万颗缺口超过2000万颗缺口。专家判断,产能的实质释放要等到2027年下半年。

这项判断与产业端的实际回应相互印证。在9月12日至14日深圳光博会上,多家重量级厂商确认800G光模组已成为出货主力,1.6T处于送样及小批量导入阶段。

剑桥科技表示,全行业都面临DSP晶片供应短缺,对1.6T产能放量构成制约;东山精密方面则指出,200G EML雷射器已进入量产,但受DSP供给制约,出货量仍然有限。华工科技上月亦称今年上半年800G、1.6T光模组受核心物料到货影响,实际交付量不如预期的50%,7-8月供应链齐套率已恢复至70%。有业内人士预计,光模组市场供不应求的局面将至少持续到2028年。

与1.6T形成鲜明对照的是800G的充裕。 800G DSP采用7奈米与5奈米制程,2025年出货量约2500万至2600万颗,2026年预计接近5000万颗,2027年将进一步跃升至1.2亿至1.5亿颗,增量来源除AI资料中心外,还包括进入换代周期的电信市场。

800G跟1.6T两条产品线的供需轨迹之所以分化,症结在于制程世代,因1.6T DSP必须依赖3奈米,而该过程目前产能不足、良率偏低。

此外,部分前向纠错(FEC)演算法存在漏洞尚待修复,高速DSP介面与网路交换器之间也存在相容性问题,多重障碍叠加,进一步压低了有效供给的释放速度,这与业界普遍反映的瓶颈位置一致。

华西证券指出,200G以上速率EML雷射与高速DSP晶片是中游光模组量产交付的主要限制;中际旭创亦表示,核心确实是3奈米DSP产能供应偏紧,整体仍能维持供应。

供给约束正在重塑产业格局,且向头部集中。高昂的先进制程流片成本、长达约两年的客户验证周期,以及复杂的讯号处理演算法门槛,涵盖FEC、误码率控制、均衡技术与色散补偿,共同构筑了高阶DSP市场的护城河。

DSP需光模组厂商与终端客户共同参与测试,单一测试周期可达约两年,终端客户切换成本极高,倾向延续与既有供应商的合作。部分二线厂商虽具备800G DSP生产能力,但缺乏客户生态,难以实质切入。在中国市场,Sitrus Technology、Joywell Semi等厂商已在研发800G DSP,但尚未形成规模出货。

野村纪录显示,800G DSP长约协议(LTA)价格为45至70美元,1.6T DSP LTA价格为120至150美元,零售价较合约价高出10%至20%。随着明年产能逐步释放,800G DSP合约价格预计下降约10%,1.6T DSP因缺口更大,降幅相对较小。

根据高盛判断,800G光模组2027年降价幅度将控制在个位数以内,1.6T价格维持在700美元以上,产业龙头透过研发协作、直接投资、预付款与LTA锁定产能,为定价纪律提供结构性支撑。

在NPO/CPO路线演进下,为降低功耗,DSP将被移除,均衡、误码与失真校正功能部分转由TIA/驱动晶片承担、部分由交换晶片承担,对TIA与驱动晶片的线性度提出更高要求。主要厂商已实现每通道200G量产,400G仍在研发,核心壁垒在于同时达到高线性度、低杂讯与低功耗。

由于TIA/驱动可采用28奈米成熟过程,中国厂商已实现100G量产、200G处于送样阶段,但在产品稳定性与客户验证周期上仍有明显差距。

随着光模组从可插拔向LPO/NPO/CPO演进,技术要求由传统放大接收转向高频宽、高线性、低杂讯与片上讯号补偿,SerDes IP与线性类比前端(TIA/Driver)等电晶片价值上行。

在深圳光博会上,中国国内相容可插拔技术的NPO被视为国内主流选择,NPO产品已完成客户送样与验证,有厂商预估2027年NPO技术可望实现量产,2028年3.2T光模组开启商用。

根据TrendForce(集邦咨询)指出,阿里巴巴、腾讯等CSP已将NPO视为近中期主轴,Meta与微软倾向优先布局NPO,亚马逊则采取多供应商策略与意式半导体合作。

谷歌的实践提供了另一条技术路径。其TPU与OCS网路中已采用2.4T轻相干(coherent-lite)收发器,仅使用单一固定波长O波段,涵盖2至20公里传输距离。专家指出,轻相干DSP技术障碍低于传统相干DSP,但高于标准PAM4 DSP。

明年上半年是核心验证窗口。纪录也显示,判断缺口逻辑是否成立必须盯住三组指标:结果层面看1.6T光模组与电晶片的实际出货量,以及3奈米DSP在明年下半年的供给释放进度;机制验证层级看DSP良率改善与FEC演算法缺陷修复、400G TIA/驱动送样与客户验证层级看DSP良率改善与FEC演算法缺陷修复、NPO/CPO在交换机侧的导入比例。

专家指出,若2027年1.6T供给明显高于4000万至5000万颗、DSP价格降幅显著超过合约价约10%的假设,或NPO/CPO加速替代导致DSP需求被提前压缩,则当前缺口判断需要下修。主要厂商季度业绩与光模组出货数据,将是此阶段最重要的观察节点。

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    "content": "<p>根据野村周二(22日)召开的AI基础设施服务商专家电话会议纪录,1.6T光模组正踩下产业放量的煞车,而卡住它的不是产能意愿,是3奈米制程。1.6T光模组数位讯号处理器(DSP)的结构性供应缺口至少将持续至2027年下半年,因先进制程产能不足与良率偏低,而非需求端的短暂波动。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6614058/l/5cd6cd2f257f4ff349a03dbfdb135394.jpg\" alt=\"3奈米产能不足+FEC算法漏洞!专家:1.6T光模组供应为主要瓶颈 供需缺口至少持续至2027下半年\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>专家认为,缺口规模从2026年的约300万颗,扩大至2027年的逾2000万颗。今年1.6T DSP需求预计超过2000万颗,实际出货仅1600万至1700万颗,缺口约300万至400万颗;明年需求将攀升至6000万至7000万颗,供给仅4000万颗缺口超过2000万颗缺口。专家判断,产能的实质释放要等到2027年下半年。</p>\n\n<p>这项判断与产业端的实际回应相互印证。在9月12日至14日深圳光博会上,多家重量级厂商确认800G光模组已成为出货主力,1.6T处于送样及小批量导入阶段。</p>\n\n<p>剑桥科技表示,全行业都面临DSP晶片供应短缺,对1.6T产能放量构成制约;东山精密方面则指出,200G EML雷射器已进入量产,但受DSP供给制约,出货量仍然有限。华工科技上月亦称今年上半年800G、1.6T光模组受核心物料到货影响,实际交付量不如预期的50%,7-8月供应链齐套率已恢复至70%。有业内人士预计,光模组市场供不应求的局面将至少持续到2028年。</p>\n\n<p>与1.6T形成鲜明对照的是800G的充裕。 800G DSP采用7奈米与5奈米制程,2025年出货量约2500万至2600万颗,2026年预计接近5000万颗,2027年将进一步跃升至1.2亿至1.5亿颗,增量来源除AI资料中心外,还包括进入换代周期的电信市场。</p>\n\n<p>800G跟1.6T两条产品线的供需轨迹之所以分化,症结在于制程世代,因1.6T DSP必须依赖3奈米,而该过程目前产能不足、良率偏低。</p>\n\n<p>此外,部分前向纠错(FEC)演算法存在漏洞尚待修复,高速DSP介面与网路交换器之间也存在相容性问题,多重障碍叠加,进一步压低了有效供给的释放速度,这与业界普遍反映的瓶颈位置一致。</p>\n\n<p>华西证券指出,200G以上速率EML雷射与高速DSP晶片是中游光模组量产交付的主要限制;中际旭创亦表示,核心确实是3奈米DSP产能供应偏紧,整体仍能维持供应。</p>\n\n<p>供给约束正在重塑产业格局,且向头部集中。高昂的先进制程流片成本、长达约两年的客户验证周期,以及复杂的讯号处理演算法门槛,涵盖FEC、误码率控制、均衡技术与色散补偿,共同构筑了高阶DSP市场的护城河。</p>\n\n<p>DSP需光模组厂商与终端客户共同参与测试,单一测试周期可达约两年,终端客户切换成本极高,倾向延续与既有供应商的合作。部分二线厂商虽具备800G DSP生产能力,但缺乏客户生态,难以实质切入。在中国市场,Sitrus Technology、Joywell Semi等厂商已在研发800G DSP,但尚未形成规模出货。</p>\n\n<p>野村纪录显示,800G DSP长约协议(LTA)价格为45至70美元,1.6T DSP LTA价格为120至150美元,零售价较合约价高出10%至20%。随着明年产能逐步释放,800G DSP合约价格预计下降约10%,1.6T DSP因缺口更大,降幅相对较小。</p>\n\n<p>根据高盛判断,800G光模组2027年降价幅度将控制在个位数以内,1.6T价格维持在700美元以上,产业龙头透过研发协作、直接投资、预付款与LTA锁定产能,为定价纪律提供结构性支撑。</p>\n\n<p>在NPO/CPO路线演进下,为降低功耗,DSP将被移除,均衡、误码与失真校正功能部分转由TIA/驱动晶片承担、部分由交换晶片承担,对TIA与驱动晶片的线性度提出更高要求。主要厂商已实现每通道200G量产,400G仍在研发,核心壁垒在于同时达到高线性度、低杂讯与低功耗。</p>\n\n<p>由于TIA/驱动可采用28奈米成熟过程,中国厂商已实现100G量产、200G处于送样阶段,但在产品稳定性与客户验证周期上仍有明显差距。</p>\n\n<p>随着光模组从可插拔向LPO/NPO/CPO演进,技术要求由传统放大接收转向高频宽、高线性、低杂讯与片上讯号补偿,SerDes IP与线性类比前端(TIA/Driver)等电晶片价值上行。</p>\n\n<p>在深圳光博会上,中国国内相容可插拔技术的NPO被视为国内主流选择,NPO产品已完成客户送样与验证,有厂商预估2027年NPO技术可望实现量产,2028年3.2T光模组开启商用。</p>\n\n<p>根据TrendForce(集邦咨询)指出,阿里巴巴、腾讯等CSP已将NPO视为近中期主轴,Meta与微软倾向优先布局NPO,亚马逊则采取多供应商策略与意式半导体合作。</p>\n\n<p>谷歌的实践提供了另一条技术路径。其TPU与OCS网路中已采用2.4T轻相干(coherent-lite)收发器,仅使用单一固定波长O波段,涵盖2至20公里传输距离。专家指出,轻相干DSP技术障碍低于传统相干DSP,但高于标准PAM4 DSP。</p>\n\n<p>明年上半年是核心验证窗口。纪录也显示,判断缺口逻辑是否成立必须盯住三组指标:结果层面看1.6T光模组与电晶片的实际出货量,以及3奈米DSP在明年下半年的供给释放进度;机制验证层级看DSP良率改善与FEC演算法缺陷修复、400G TIA/驱动送样与客户验证层级看DSP良率改善与FEC演算法缺陷修复、NPO/CPO在交换机侧的导入比例。</p>\n\n<p>专家指出,若2027年1.6T供给明显高于4000万至5000万颗、DSP价格降幅显著超过合约价约10%的假设,或NPO/CPO加速替代导致DSP需求被提前压缩,则当前缺口判断需要下修。主要厂商季度业绩与光模组出货数据,将是此阶段最重要的观察节点。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-9734.html\" title=\"黄仁勋深夜推文秀Alpamayo 2 Super 宣示「AI下一波浪潮将由自动驾驶开启」\">黄仁勋深夜推文秀Alpamayo 2 Super 宣示「AI下一波浪潮将由自动驾驶开启」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-4132.html\" title=\"ABF迎史上最大缺货潮!AI代理、HPC需求暴增   供应链迎最强卖方市场\">ABF迎史上最大缺货潮!AI代理、HPC需求暴增   供应链迎最强卖方市场</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-8660.html\" title=\"SK海力士:未看到AI基设投资出现放缓迹象 相信2027年后仍将保持稳健\">SK海力士:未看到AI基设投资出现放缓迹象 相信2027年后仍将保持稳健</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-688.html\" title=\"〈COMPUTEX〉贸协:重返世贸首增机器人专区 英特尔率12家合作伙伴展示实际应用\">〈COMPUTEX〉贸协:重返世贸首增机器人专区 英特尔率12家合作伙伴展示实际应用</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-2652.html\" title=\"功率半导体将爆发?AI支出转向推论时代  「这家公司」有望成最大受惠者之一\">功率半导体将爆发?AI支出转向推论时代  「这家公司」有望成最大受惠者之一</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-9484.html\" title=\"南韩记忆体又涨价!TrendForce:传统DRAM、NAND价格创多年新高   谁将受惠?\">南韩记忆体又涨价!TrendForce:传统DRAM、NAND价格创多年新高   谁将受惠?</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-09-23T23:40:03.000Z",
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