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限制模型出口、开放API服务:中国AI管制新规恐重塑全球科技竞争格局

2026-10-21 14:29:41 网络 阅读(1)

中国商务部与科技部于2026年10月16日联合发布第48号公告,就修订《中国禁止出口限制出口技术目录》公开征求意见至11月15日止,并同步对列入目录的技术实施预先登记的临时管理措施。

限制模型出口、开放API服务:中国AI管制新规恐重塑全球科技竞争格局

本次目录修订涵盖人工智慧(AI)、生物医药与太阳能三大领域共40项关键技术,其中包含14项拟禁止出口技术与26项拟限制出口技术,光是AI领域即占23项,代表着中国科技治理迈入「技术主权」法制化的新阶段。

政策立法背景:防范技术外流与资本套利

业界分析指出,此项新规的推动与先前AI新创公司 Manus 的收购争议密切相关。2025年AI Agent公司 Manus 在新加坡设立境外公司并计划接受美商 Meta 并购,最终遭中国监管部门以投资安全审查为由禁止交易。

复旦发展研究院批评此类先在境内研发技术、再透过海外空壳公司出售给西方巨头的行为为「洗澡式出海」。随后当局陆续推出对外投资管理新规与技术出口目录,旨在明确国家核心资产界限。

参数规格与资料等级划定红线

根据公布的管制草案,AI技术的管制限度主要依据训练资料敏感度、模型规格及应用场景进行分级:

禁止出口类:包含利用中国「核心资料」训练后提供服务的大型语言模型、专门或主要用于国家关键资讯基础设施、国防军工与核心政务等高敏感场景的高性能AI Agent(人工智慧代理),以及具备强大网路攻击能力或高特性能防护检测的技术。

限制出口类:涵盖利用中国「重要资料」训练的模型,或符合以下任一技术指标者:计算量达10²⁶次浮点运算(FLOPs)、模型参数达2兆(2 Trillion)以上,或在全球公开评测中能力排名前10名。

此外,具备高阶自主任务拆解与多代理协同能力的AI Agent、高阶AI与记忆体晶片设计技术,以及连结1万张以上加速卡的超大规模算力丛集技术,亦均纳入限制出口审查。

开放API与开源技术不受限制

为降低政策对日常商业运作与国际学术交流的冲击,管制草案明确划定了合规边界与豁免条款:

商业应用服务豁免:企业透过境内部署的模型向境外使用者提供 API 呼叫、App 或网页互动、SaaS 软体服务,以及装置端轻量化部署,皆不认定为技术出口,使用者与开发者使用相关服务不受限制。

开源与学术豁免:凡已透过开放原始码(如公开模型完整权重)或发表学术论文进入公共领域的技术,一律不纳入管控范围。

自动许可便利措施:对于赴境外设立自有云端进行本地化部署、跨国联合研发,或境外晶片投片制造等特定情形,主管机关将提供「自动许可」等快速审审批机制。

各方观点与国际反应

针对出口管制引发的全球讨论,各界发表了不同的评估与看法:

中国官方立场:中国商务部新闻发言人表示,修订目录属于技术贸易管理的常态化工作,有进有出且「不针对任何特定国家、地区或实体」。发言人指出,管理目的在于防范技术失控与恶用风险,确保人工智慧安全可控,同时持续支持开源开放与国际合作。

国际专家评估:美媒 Semafor 报导指出,该规则可能限制中国 AI 模型与晶片在全球的扩散速度。前拜登政府顾问Julian Gewirtz在社群平台 X 上分析称,这套新规定「可能形塑中国 AI 生态系统的演变方向」。

美国政策圈回应:保守派团体 Humans First 执行长Russ Walker则借此呼吁美国国会采取行动,主张应收紧对中国出口管制与签证政策,并在两国竞争中确立美国优先的AI政策框架。

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    "content": "<p>中国商务部与科技部于2026年10月16日联合发布第48号公告,就修订《中国禁止出口限制出口技术目录》公开征求意见至11月15日止,并同步对列入目录的技术实施预先登记的临时管理措施。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6634923/l/088e3dbf2a1203e0ed8c1e2a285ac2fe.jpg\" alt=\"限制模型出口、开放API服务:中国AI管制新规恐重塑全球科技竞争格局\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>本次目录修订涵盖人工智慧(AI)、生物医药与太阳能三大领域共40项关键技术,其中包含14项拟禁止出口技术与26项拟限制出口技术,光是AI领域即占23项,代表着中国科技治理迈入「技术主权」法制化的新阶段。</p>\n\n<h6>政策立法背景:防范技术外流与资本套利</h6>\n\n<p>业界分析指出,此项新规的推动与先前AI新创公司 Manus 的收购争议密切相关。2025年AI Agent公司 Manus 在新加坡设立境外公司并计划接受美商 Meta 并购,最终遭中国监管部门以投资安全审查为由禁止交易。</p>\n\n<p>复旦发展研究院批评此类先在境内研发技术、再透过海外空壳公司出售给西方巨头的行为为「洗澡式出海」。随后当局陆续推出对外投资管理新规与技术出口目录,旨在明确国家核心资产界限。</p>\n\n<h6>参数规格与资料等级划定红线</h6>\n\n<p>根据公布的管制草案,AI技术的管制限度主要依据训练资料敏感度、模型规格及应用场景进行分级:</p>\n\n<p>禁止出口类:包含利用中国「核心资料」训练后提供服务的大型语言模型、专门或主要用于国家关键资讯基础设施、国防军工与核心政务等高敏感场景的高性能AI Agent(人工智慧代理),以及具备强大网路攻击能力或高特性能防护检测的技术。</p>\n\n<p>限制出口类:涵盖利用中国「重要资料」训练的模型,或符合以下任一技术指标者:计算量达10&sup2;⁶次浮点运算(FLOPs)、模型参数达2兆(2 Trillion)以上,或在全球公开评测中能力排名前10名。</p>\n\n<p>此外,具备高阶自主任务拆解与多代理协同能力的AI Agent、高阶AI与记忆体晶片设计技术,以及连结1万张以上加速卡的超大规模算力丛集技术,亦均纳入限制出口审查。</p>\n\n<h6>开放API与开源技术不受限制</h6>\n\n<p>为降低政策对日常商业运作与国际学术交流的冲击,管制草案明确划定了合规边界与豁免条款:</p>\n\n<p>商业应用服务豁免:企业透过境内部署的模型向境外使用者提供 API 呼叫、App 或网页互动、SaaS 软体服务,以及装置端轻量化部署,皆不认定为技术出口,使用者与开发者使用相关服务不受限制。</p>\n\n<p>开源与学术豁免:凡已透过开放原始码(如公开模型完整权重)或发表学术论文进入公共领域的技术,一律不纳入管控范围。</p>\n\n<p>自动许可便利措施:对于赴境外设立自有云端进行本地化部署、跨国联合研发,或境外晶片投片制造等特定情形,主管机关将提供「自动许可」等快速审审批机制。</p>\n\n<h6>各方观点与国际反应</h6>\n\n<p>针对出口管制引发的全球讨论,各界发表了不同的评估与看法:</p>\n\n<p>中国官方立场:中国商务部新闻发言人表示,修订目录属于技术贸易管理的常态化工作,有进有出且「不针对任何特定国家、地区或实体」。发言人指出,管理目的在于防范技术失控与恶用风险,确保人工智慧安全可控,同时持续支持开源开放与国际合作。</p>\n\n<p>国际专家评估:美媒 Semafor 报导指出,该规则可能限制中国 AI 模型与晶片在全球的扩散速度。前拜登政府顾问Julian Gewirtz在社群平台 X 上分析称,这套新规定「可能形塑中国 AI 生态系统的演变方向」。</p>\n\n<p>美国政策圈回应:保守派团体 Humans First 执行长Russ Walker则借此呼吁美国国会采取行动,主张应收紧对中国出口管制与签证政策,并在两国竞争中确立美国优先的AI政策框架。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-21149.html\" title=\"阿里巴巴、腾讯与字节跳动力求在中国AI竞争中取胜\">阿里巴巴、腾讯与字节跳动力求在中国AI竞争中取胜</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-16036.html\" title=\"携程上架2027年维珍银河太空旅行船票 售价2,416万\">携程上架2027年维珍银河太空旅行船票 售价2,416万</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-5681.html\" title=\"AI疑虑重击全球涨幅王!韩股Kospi遁入熊市 高档回吐20%\">AI疑虑重击全球涨幅王!韩股Kospi遁入熊市 高档回吐20%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-5166.html\" title=\"ICML 2026开幕 扩散模型包揽大奖 DeepSeek成为焦点\">ICML 2026开幕 扩散模型包揽大奖 DeepSeek成为焦点</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-279.html\" title=\"机器人还无法取代人类?Figure AI人形机器人F.03分拣包裹输给实习生\">机器人还无法取代人类?Figure AI人形机器人F.03分拣包裹输给实习生</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-773.html\" title=\"法拉利首款纯电车Luce亮相引股价暴跌!前主席:连中国也不会仿制\">法拉利首款纯电车Luce亮相引股价暴跌!前主席:连中国也不会仿制</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-10-21T06:20:04.000Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-21T06:29:41.000Z"
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