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美债殖利率升破4.7%!华许似乎不急着出手 美国房贷族苦撑

2026-08-19 03:47:21 钜亨网 阅读(1)

美国长天期公债近期遭到抛售,10年期美债殖利率升破4.7%,不仅令华尔街担忧高估值股票面临重新定价,也透过房贷与其他消费信贷,将压力直接传导至美国家庭。相较于股市仍由富裕阶层享受大部分涨幅,高利率对一般民众造成的痛苦可能更持久。

美债殖利率升破4.7%!华许似乎不急着出手 美国房贷族苦撑

华尔街部分分析师甚至开始从政治角度思考债务问题。研究机构BCA分析师Matt Gertken与Yushu Ma指出,美国沉重的国债终将迫使掌权者处理财政问题,主张降低不平等的政治人物,反而可能更有意愿承担加税的政治风险。

这项观点是否成立仍有争议,但债市确实正在成为约束美国经济与民众生活的力量。伊朗战争、油价上涨、AI企业大举发债,以及庞大财政赤字同时推升长期借贷成本,联准会(Fed)主席华许对殖利率上升的态度,也让市场更加不安。

殖利率曲线陡峭化冲击房贷

债券交易员今夏持续抛售长期美国公债,使殖利率曲线明显陡峭化。短天期殖利率通常紧跟Fed政策利率,长天期殖利率则反映市场对经济成长、通膨及政府财政风险的预期。

根据FactSet资料,自6月24日以来,2年期与10年期美债殖利率差已扩大近29个基点,主要由10年期殖利率攀升所带动,后者周二一度升破4.7%。

殖利率接近5%通常会引发华尔街焦虑,因为美国公债可提供接近股票长期报酬、却几乎没有信用风险的替代选择。不过,要真正改变当前经济赢家与输家的分布,债市跌势可能还要更加剧烈。过去三年标普500指数累计报酬率高达77%,而股票资产主要集中于最富裕的美国人手中。

相较之下,债券殖利率上升已直接冲击一般家庭。包括房贷在内的多种消费信贷利率,都受到10年期美债殖利率影响,目前一般购屋者申请30年期房贷,利率约达6.75%,使原本就高昂的购屋成本进一步上升。

对于负担不起房屋的民众而言,问题并没有单一答案。高房价、房贷利率与生活成本同时攀升,使华尔街资产价格繁荣与一般家庭的经济感受形成强烈落差。

战争AI发债与赤字同时施压

近期殖利率急升最明显的导火线是伊朗战争。中东原油出口量仍然有限,美国炼油厂则接近满载运转。根据美国汽车协会(AAA)资料,全美柴油均价周二达每加仑5.46美元,较一年前大涨48%。

能源价格上升可能推高运输、制造及民生商品成本,并使投资人担心通膨再次升温。LSEG资料显示,由5年期损益平衡通膨率衡量的市场通膨预期大致持平,持续为长期殖利率提供支撑。

科技公司对债务资金近乎无止境的需求也是另一项压力。为兴建AI资料中心、购买晶片及扩充电力设施,科技巨头大量发行公司债,与美国政府争夺投资人的资金,迫使公债提供更高殖利率才能吸引买家。

晶片供应瓶颈与老化电网也带来价格压力。科技进步过去数十年通常有助降低成本,但AI基础设施建设需要大量先进晶片、电力与土地,短期内反而可能推高整体物价。

布鲁金斯学会资深研究员Robin Brooks认为,市场若只争论哪项事件触发债券抛售,反而忽略真正问题。当一个国家背负庞大债务,并持续出现难以维持的财政赤字时,任何外部冲击都可能引发市场动荡。

美国国会预算办公室(CBO)估计,截至9月底的本会计年度,美国财政赤字将达2.1兆美元,相当于国内生产毛额(GDP)的约6.4%。川普政府表示,部分支出增加是伊朗战争带来的一次性军事需求,低收入家庭的薪资近期也有所上升,但目前仍未提出明确的赤字削减计划。

华许能否安抚债券市场

华许曾对高利率重创一般美国人表达同情。他认为,金融环境对住房市场及一般家庭具有明显限制性,但对华尔街而言仍相当宽松。现在的问题是,他是否会采取行动改变这种局面。

华许7月似乎并不排斥债券殖利率上升。他当时指出,在Fed维持利率不变期间,名目与实质殖利率均已攀高,央行虽未采取太多行动,市场却已完成相当程度的紧缩。这番话被交易员解读为Fed默许长期利率走高,促使殖利率进一步上升。

华许也曾批评,Fed在金融危机后购入数兆美元美债与房贷担保证券,助长华尔街资产价格。不过,他尚未说服其他Fed官员支持大幅缩减资产负债表。若Fed短期内减持公债与房贷证券,反而可能增加市场供给,进一步推升长天期美债与房贷利率。

华许将于8月28日出席怀俄明州杰克森霍尔全球央行年会,届时有机会说明对经济、债券市场及货币政策关系的看法。至于Fed资产负债表政策,可能要等内部工作小组数月后提出报告,才会有更清楚的方向。

华许的谈话或许能暂时缓和债市卖压,但单次演说无法解决政府收入与支出失衡。过去数年,10年期美债殖利率曾多次逼近5%,直到价格跌至足够吸引力后,买家重新进场并压低殖利率。

这种循环未必会引发金融危机,但如果高房贷、高能源成本与财政失衡持续,可能逐步转化为一场政治危机。当现行政策无法改善一般家庭的生活压力,选民自然会转向主张更激进财政与分配政策的政治力量。

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    "description": "美国长天期公债近期遭到抛售,10年期美债殖利率升破4.7%,不仅令华尔街担忧高估值股票面临重新定价,也透过房贷与其他消费信贷,将压力直接传导至美国家庭。相较于股市仍由富裕阶层享受大部分涨幅,高利率对一般民众造成的痛苦可能",
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    "content": "<p>美国长天期公债近期遭到抛售,10年期美债殖利率升破4.7%,不仅令华尔街担忧高估值股票面临重新定价,也透过房贷与其他消费信贷,将压力直接传导至美国家庭。相较于股市仍由富裕阶层享受大部分涨幅,高利率对一般民众造成的痛苦可能更持久。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6580776/l/426aadcbd647e70714fdd8aa89c4ec1b.jpg\" alt=\"美债殖利率升破4.7%!华许似乎不急着出手 美国房贷族苦撑\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>华尔街部分分析师甚至开始从政治角度思考债务问题。研究机构BCA分析师Matt Gertken与Yushu Ma指出,美国沉重的国债终将迫使掌权者处理财政问题,主张降低不平等的政治人物,反而可能更有意愿承担加税的政治风险。</p>\n\n<p>这项观点是否成立仍有争议,但债市确实正在成为约束美国经济与民众生活的力量。伊朗战争、油价上涨、AI企业大举发债,以及庞大财政赤字同时推升长期借贷成本,联准会(Fed)主席华许对殖利率上升的态度,也让市场更加不安。</p>\n\n<h6>殖利率曲线陡峭化冲击房贷</h6>\n\n<p>债券交易员今夏持续抛售长期美国公债,使殖利率曲线明显陡峭化。短天期殖利率通常紧跟Fed政策利率,长天期殖利率则反映市场对经济成长、通膨及政府财政风险的预期。</p>\n\n<p>根据FactSet资料,自6月24日以来,2年期与10年期美债殖利率差已扩大近29个基点,主要由10年期殖利率攀升所带动,后者周二一度升破4.7%。</p>\n\n<p>殖利率接近5%通常会引发华尔街焦虑,因为美国公债可提供接近股票长期报酬、却几乎没有信用风险的替代选择。不过,要真正改变当前经济赢家与输家的分布,债市跌势可能还要更加剧烈。过去三年标普500指数累计报酬率高达77%,而股票资产主要集中于最富裕的美国人手中。</p>\n\n<p>相较之下,债券殖利率上升已直接冲击一般家庭。包括房贷在内的多种消费信贷利率,都受到10年期美债殖利率影响,目前一般购屋者申请30年期房贷,利率约达6.75%,使原本就高昂的购屋成本进一步上升。</p>\n\n<p>对于负担不起房屋的民众而言,问题并没有单一答案。高房价、房贷利率与生活成本同时攀升,使华尔街资产价格繁荣与一般家庭的经济感受形成强烈落差。</p>\n\n<h6>战争AI发债与赤字同时施压</h6>\n\n<p>近期殖利率急升最明显的导火线是伊朗战争。中东原油出口量仍然有限,美国炼油厂则接近满载运转。根据美国汽车协会(AAA)资料,全美柴油均价周二达每加仑5.46美元,较一年前大涨48%。</p>\n\n<p>能源价格上升可能推高运输、制造及民生商品成本,并使投资人担心通膨再次升温。LSEG资料显示,由5年期损益平衡通膨率衡量的市场通膨预期大致持平,持续为长期殖利率提供支撑。</p>\n\n<p>科技公司对债务资金近乎无止境的需求也是另一项压力。为兴建AI资料中心、购买晶片及扩充电力设施,科技巨头大量发行公司债,与美国政府争夺投资人的资金,迫使公债提供更高殖利率才能吸引买家。</p>\n\n<p>晶片供应瓶颈与老化电网也带来价格压力。科技进步过去数十年通常有助降低成本,但AI基础设施建设需要大量先进晶片、电力与土地,短期内反而可能推高整体物价。</p>\n\n<p>布鲁金斯学会资深研究员Robin Brooks认为,市场若只争论哪项事件触发债券抛售,反而忽略真正问题。当一个国家背负庞大债务,并持续出现难以维持的财政赤字时,任何外部冲击都可能引发市场动荡。</p>\n\n<p>美国国会预算办公室(CBO)估计,截至9月底的本会计年度,美国财政赤字将达2.1兆美元,相当于国内生产毛额(GDP)的约6.4%。川普政府表示,部分支出增加是伊朗战争带来的一次性军事需求,低收入家庭的薪资近期也有所上升,但目前仍未提出明确的赤字削减计划。</p>\n\n<h6>华许能否安抚债券市场</h6>\n\n<p>华许曾对高利率重创一般美国人表达同情。他认为,金融环境对住房市场及一般家庭具有明显限制性,但对华尔街而言仍相当宽松。现在的问题是,他是否会采取行动改变这种局面。</p>\n\n<p>华许7月似乎并不排斥债券殖利率上升。他当时指出,在Fed维持利率不变期间,名目与实质殖利率均已攀高,央行虽未采取太多行动,市场却已完成相当程度的紧缩。这番话被交易员解读为Fed默许长期利率走高,促使殖利率进一步上升。</p>\n\n<p>华许也曾批评,Fed在金融危机后购入数兆美元美债与房贷担保证券,助长华尔街资产价格。不过,他尚未说服其他Fed官员支持大幅缩减资产负债表。若Fed短期内减持公债与房贷证券,反而可能增加市场供给,进一步推升长天期美债与房贷利率。</p>\n\n<p>华许将于8月28日出席怀俄明州杰克森霍尔全球央行年会,届时有机会说明对经济、债券市场及货币政策关系的看法。至于Fed资产负债表政策,可能要等内部工作小组数月后提出报告,才会有更清楚的方向。</p>\n\n<p>华许的谈话或许能暂时缓和债市卖压,但单次演说无法解决政府收入与支出失衡。过去数年,10年期美债殖利率曾多次逼近5%,直到价格跌至足够吸引力后,买家重新进场并压低殖利率。</p>\n\n<p>这种循环未必会引发金融危机,但如果高房贷、高能源成本与财政失衡持续,可能逐步转化为一场政治危机。当现行政策无法改善一般家庭的生活压力,选民自然会转向主张更激进财政与分配政策的政治力量。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6626.html\" title=\"〈财报〉交易、投银业务全面报喜!摩根大通Q2获利创纪录 股票交易收入暴增逾八成\">〈财报〉交易、投银业务全面报喜!摩根大通Q2获利创纪录 股票交易收入暴增逾八成</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8945.html\" title=\"Fed抗通膨公信力受质疑 30年美债殖利率徘徊2007年高点\">Fed抗通膨公信力受质疑 30年美债殖利率徘徊2007年高点</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11448.html\" title=\"马斯克又放大招!传特斯拉「飞行汽车」Roadster最快8月亮相\">马斯克又放大招!传特斯拉「飞行汽车」Roadster最快8月亮相</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-12209.html\" title=\"美债卖成这样也不用升息?戴莉称Fed信誉未受威胁\">美债卖成这样也不用升息?戴莉称Fed信誉未受威胁</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-9912.html\" title=\"记忆体股血流成河 马斯克一句话救信心:供不应求才刚开始\">记忆体股血流成河 马斯克一句话救信心:供不应求才刚开始</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8170.html\" title=\"高通晶片9月起涨价 AI供应短缺持续恶化\">高通晶片9月起涨价 AI供应短缺持续恶化</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-08-18T19:00:04.000Z",
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