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不追HBM!木头姐不看空AI却避开记忆体股 借镜特斯拉 避开SK海力士、美光

2026-08-21 08:19:25 钜亨网 阅读(5)

AI热潮带动高频宽记忆体(HBM)需求急遽升温,SK海力士与美光等记忆体制造商成为市场追捧焦点,但方舟投资(ARK Invest)创办人、人称木头姐的凯西伍德(Cathie Wood)却选择避开这笔热门交易。她认为,科技产业历史一再证明,当供应链瓶颈推高零组件价格时,企业往往不会接受高成本成为永久常态,而是会透过工程技术重新设计产品,最终降低对昂贵且稀缺资源的依赖。

不追HBM!木头姐不看空AI却避开记忆体股 借镜特斯拉 避开SK海力士、美光

伍德近日在Insightful Investor Podcast节目中表示,特斯拉(TSLA-US)过去面对电池原料供应问题的经验,正是她看待当前HBM市场的重要参考。她指出,科技公司经常会透过工程技术绕过昂贵的供应限制,而不是长期承受高成本。

她以特斯拉为例指出,过去电动车电池高度依赖钴,而钴的供应与成本问题曾是产业重大挑战,特别是刚果民主共和国的钴供应链涉及劳工剥削等争议。特斯拉执行长马斯克(Elon Musk)并未单纯接受这项供应限制,而是透过电池化学技术调整,大幅降低对钴的依赖。

伍德表示,AI产业如今面对HBM供应紧张与价格飙升,也可能走上相同道路。她认为,当HBM变得过于昂贵时,这本身就会刺激晶片设计商与AI企业重新思考系统架构,寻找降低记忆体需求的方法,而不是将目前的供需失衡视为永久状态。

这也是她目前不愿追逐SK海力士与美光(MU-US)的主要原因。伍德形容,记忆体是半导体产业中「周期性最强、商品化程度最高」的领域之一,因此目前市场对HBM供需失衡及价格大幅上涨的乐观预期,未必能够长期维持。

伍德指出,当产品价格上涨3倍、4倍甚至10倍时,这种情况并不是科技产业的正常状态。她认为,市场普遍将价格暴涨视为供应商获利大增的利多,但从科技演进的角度来看,异常高的价格反而可能成为负面因素,因为这会为竞争对手与技术开发者提供更强烈的诱因,寻找替代方案或改变既有技术架构。

伍德的投资逻辑并不是看空AI产业,而是刻意区分「AI需求持续成长」与「目前最能从AI需求中获利的零组件供应商」之间的差异。她认为,即使AI市场未来数年持续高速扩张,也不代表目前受惠于HBM供应紧张的记忆体制造商,能够永久维持高定价能力与超额获利。

在伍德看来,今天的HBM瓶颈很可能成为明天的工程问题。她预期,AI晶片业者将透过不同的处理器架构、记忆体设计及系统整合方式,逐步降低对外部HBM的依赖,尤其是在AI推论(Inference)市场。

她特别点名Cerebras Systems(CBRS-US)与Groq,认为这类专注于AI推论的架构提供了不同的技术路线。Cerebras与Groq的推论架构大量运用高速晶片内记忆体,在部分工作负载下能降低、甚至避免使用传统HBM。

伍德表示,市场已开始出现透过工程技术降低AI对高频宽记忆体依赖的趋势,尤其是在推论领域。AI推论是指模型完成训练后,实际根据使用者输入产生回答的运算阶段,例如大型语言模型处理文字查询、生成程式码或其他内容。

她认为,推论市场的重要性尤其值得关注,因为随着AI应用从模型开发逐步走向大规模商业化,产业观察人士普遍预期,AI推论未来可能成为规模远大于模型训练的运算市场。如果推论需求快速成长,同时新的晶片架构成功降低每单位运算对HBM的需求,将可能改变目前市场对记忆体供需与价格的长期预期。

伍德因此并非否定AI热潮,而是对AI资本支出最终由谁取得最大经济利益抱持不同看法。她认为,AI产业确实将带来庞大的运算需求与基础设施投资,但科技产业的价值并不一定会永久集中在目前最短缺的零组件供应商身上。

她指出,异常高的获利通常会吸引更多资本投入,促使企业扩大产能,最终带来新的供给与竞争压力。HBM价格持续上涨,同样会成为SK海力士与三星电子扩大生产的强烈诱因。

伍德表示,当她看到大量资本在极短时间内快速涌入一个高度周期性的产业时,她的做法不是继续追逐热门交易,而是将注意力转向如何解决高价格所带来的问题。换言之,她更倾向寻找能够透过技术创新改变成本结构、突破供应瓶颈的企业,而不是押注目前因稀缺性而获得超额利润的供应商。

这种思维也反映伍德与目前市场热门交易之间的明显分歧。投资人普遍预期AI伺服器、加速器及大型模型需求将持续增加,进而推升HBM需求,使SK海力士与美光成为AI记忆体供应链的主要受惠者。

不过,伍德认为,科技产业最重要的规律之一,就是「今天的瓶颈往往会成为明天的工程挑战」。一旦某项技术或零组件成本变得过高,晶片设计商与系统开发商就会投入更多资源寻找替代方案,以降低对该项资源的依赖。

她的判断最终取决于AI推论架构是否能真正降低对HBM的需求。目前这个问题仍没有明确答案,尤其AI模型持续变得更大、更复杂,对运算能力与记忆体频宽的需求也同步增加。若未来AI模型对HBM的需求增幅仍超过技术优化速度,记忆体供应商的市场优势可能持续存在。

但若Cerebras、Groq及其他新兴AI晶片架构成功证明,高速晶片内记忆体、特殊用途晶片或其他系统设计能以更低成本完成大量推论工作,HBM目前被市场视为难以取代的核心地位就可能受到挑战。

因此,伍德避开SK海力士与美光的决定,并非否定AI产业的长期成长前景,而是对AI供应链中的记忆体周期提出警告。她认为,当价格因稀缺性而大幅飙升时,市场不应只看到供应商获利增加,也应思考高价格本身是否正在加速下一代技术的诞生,以及今天最热门的供应瓶颈,是否会在未来被工程创新逐步消除。

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    "content": "<p>AI热潮带动高频宽记忆体(HBM)需求急遽升温,SK海力士与美光等记忆体制造商成为市场追捧焦点,但方舟投资(ARK Invest)创办人、人称木头姐的凯西伍德(Cathie Wood)却选择避开这笔热门交易。她认为,科技产业历史一再证明,当供应链瓶颈推高零组件价格时,企业往往不会接受高成本成为永久常态,而是会透过工程技术重新设计产品,最终降低对昂贵且稀缺资源的依赖。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6582177/l/40885ad4473de1b61bac3f708ac50459.jpg\" alt=\"不追HBM!木头姐不看空AI却避开记忆体股 借镜特斯拉 避开SK海力士、美光\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>伍德近日在Insightful Investor Podcast节目中表示,特斯拉(TSLA-US)过去面对电池原料供应问题的经验,正是她看待当前HBM市场的重要参考。她指出,科技公司经常会透过工程技术绕过昂贵的供应限制,而不是长期承受高成本。</p>\n\n<p>她以特斯拉为例指出,过去电动车电池高度依赖钴,而钴的供应与成本问题曾是产业重大挑战,特别是刚果民主共和国的钴供应链涉及劳工剥削等争议。特斯拉执行长马斯克(Elon Musk)并未单纯接受这项供应限制,而是透过电池化学技术调整,大幅降低对钴的依赖。</p>\n\n<p>伍德表示,AI产业如今面对HBM供应紧张与价格飙升,也可能走上相同道路。她认为,当HBM变得过于昂贵时,这本身就会刺激晶片设计商与AI企业重新思考系统架构,寻找降低记忆体需求的方法,而不是将目前的供需失衡视为永久状态。</p>\n\n<p>这也是她目前不愿追逐SK海力士与美光(MU-US)的主要原因。伍德形容,记忆体是半导体产业中「周期性最强、商品化程度最高」的领域之一,因此目前市场对HBM供需失衡及价格大幅上涨的乐观预期,未必能够长期维持。</p>\n\n<p>伍德指出,当产品价格上涨3倍、4倍甚至10倍时,这种情况并不是科技产业的正常状态。她认为,市场普遍将价格暴涨视为供应商获利大增的利多,但从科技演进的角度来看,异常高的价格反而可能成为负面因素,因为这会为竞争对手与技术开发者提供更强烈的诱因,寻找替代方案或改变既有技术架构。</p>\n\n<p>伍德的投资逻辑并不是看空AI产业,而是刻意区分「AI需求持续成长」与「目前最能从AI需求中获利的零组件供应商」之间的差异。她认为,即使AI市场未来数年持续高速扩张,也不代表目前受惠于HBM供应紧张的记忆体制造商,能够永久维持高定价能力与超额获利。</p>\n\n<p>在伍德看来,今天的HBM瓶颈很可能成为明天的工程问题。她预期,AI晶片业者将透过不同的处理器架构、记忆体设计及系统整合方式,逐步降低对外部HBM的依赖,尤其是在AI推论(Inference)市场。</p>\n\n<p>她特别点名Cerebras Systems(CBRS-US)与Groq,认为这类专注于AI推论的架构提供了不同的技术路线。Cerebras与Groq的推论架构大量运用高速晶片内记忆体,在部分工作负载下能降低、甚至避免使用传统HBM。</p>\n\n<p>伍德表示,市场已开始出现透过工程技术降低AI对高频宽记忆体依赖的趋势,尤其是在推论领域。AI推论是指模型完成训练后,实际根据使用者输入产生回答的运算阶段,例如大型语言模型处理文字查询、生成程式码或其他内容。</p>\n\n<p>她认为,推论市场的重要性尤其值得关注,因为随着AI应用从模型开发逐步走向大规模商业化,产业观察人士普遍预期,AI推论未来可能成为规模远大于模型训练的运算市场。如果推论需求快速成长,同时新的晶片架构成功降低每单位运算对HBM的需求,将可能改变目前市场对记忆体供需与价格的长期预期。</p>\n\n<p>伍德因此并非否定AI热潮,而是对AI资本支出最终由谁取得最大经济利益抱持不同看法。她认为,AI产业确实将带来庞大的运算需求与基础设施投资,但科技产业的价值并不一定会永久集中在目前最短缺的零组件供应商身上。</p>\n\n<p>她指出,异常高的获利通常会吸引更多资本投入,促使企业扩大产能,最终带来新的供给与竞争压力。HBM价格持续上涨,同样会成为SK海力士与三星电子扩大生产的强烈诱因。</p>\n\n<p>伍德表示,当她看到大量资本在极短时间内快速涌入一个高度周期性的产业时,她的做法不是继续追逐热门交易,而是将注意力转向如何解决高价格所带来的问题。换言之,她更倾向寻找能够透过技术创新改变成本结构、突破供应瓶颈的企业,而不是押注目前因稀缺性而获得超额利润的供应商。</p>\n\n<p>这种思维也反映伍德与目前市场热门交易之间的明显分歧。投资人普遍预期AI伺服器、加速器及大型模型需求将持续增加,进而推升HBM需求,使SK海力士与美光成为AI记忆体供应链的主要受惠者。</p>\n\n<p>不过,伍德认为,科技产业最重要的规律之一,就是「今天的瓶颈往往会成为明天的工程挑战」。一旦某项技术或零组件成本变得过高,晶片设计商与系统开发商就会投入更多资源寻找替代方案,以降低对该项资源的依赖。</p>\n\n<p>她的判断最终取决于AI推论架构是否能真正降低对HBM的需求。目前这个问题仍没有明确答案,尤其AI模型持续变得更大、更复杂,对运算能力与记忆体频宽的需求也同步增加。若未来AI模型对HBM的需求增幅仍超过技术优化速度,记忆体供应商的市场优势可能持续存在。</p>\n\n<p>但若Cerebras、Groq及其他新兴AI晶片架构成功证明,高速晶片内记忆体、特殊用途晶片或其他系统设计能以更低成本完成大量推论工作,HBM目前被市场视为难以取代的核心地位就可能受到挑战。</p>\n\n<p>因此,伍德避开SK海力士与美光的决定,并非否定AI产业的长期成长前景,而是对AI供应链中的记忆体周期提出警告。她认为,当价格因稀缺性而大幅飙升时,市场不应只看到供应商获利增加,也应思考高价格本身是否正在加速下一代技术的诞生,以及今天最热门的供应瓶颈,是否会在未来被工程创新逐步消除。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-9414.html\" title=\"〈纽约汇市〉美元持平 美日联手干预日元与油价回落削弱通膨忧虑\">〈纽约汇市〉美元持平 美日联手干预日元与油价回落削弱通膨忧虑</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3790.html\" title=\"AI带动记忆体飙涨!苹果宣布多项产品涨价 成本转嫁消费者\">AI带动记忆体飙涨!苹果宣布多项产品涨价 成本转嫁消费者</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11831.html\" title=\"辉达不只靠GPU!AI护城河延伸至华尔街 资本成新武器\">辉达不只靠GPU!AI护城河延伸至华尔街 资本成新武器</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-1439.html\" title=\"〈COMPUTAX〉黄仁勋今演讲揭晓N1X将打破AI换机僵局?郭明?这样说\">〈COMPUTAX〉黄仁勋今演讲揭晓N1X将打破AI换机僵局?郭明?这样说</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8000.html\" title=\"Honeywell Technologies上调2026财年获利展望资料中心与LNG需求推动自动化业务成长\">Honeywell Technologies上调2026财年获利展望资料中心与LNG需求推动自动化业务成长</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8021.html\" title=\"〈纽约汇市〉美元升至一个月高点 布油涨破百美元\">〈纽约汇市〉美元升至一个月高点 布油涨破百美元</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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