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1兆美元AI晶片大战开打!辉达霸主地位遭挑战 台积电成胜负关键

2026-08-25 00:30:33 网络 阅读(1)

人工智慧(AI)晶片市场规模正朝1兆美元迈进,辉达(NVDA-US)目前仍占据主导地位,但竞争者正从四面八方逼近。传统晶片大厂、新创公司、云端服务巨头乃至OpenAI、Anthropic等AI实验室,都在试图降低对辉达的依赖,瓜分这块快速膨胀的市场。

1兆美元AI晶片大战开打!辉达霸主地位遭挑战 台积电成胜负关键

亚马逊(AMZN-US)执行长贾西(Andy Jassy)日前表示,若将公司旗下晶片部门视为独立事业,年营收已超过250亿美元,且销售额正以三位数百分比成长。尽管亚马逊仍是辉达最大客户之一,却也已成为全球规模最大的资料中心晶片业者之一。

辉达周三(26日)美股盘后公布的财报预料将再次展现领先优势。分析师估计,上季营收年增近一倍至920亿美元,甚至超过多数竞争对手全年的营收。然而,辉达高达约75%的利润率,以及部分搭载其AI晶片的伺服器价格涨幅超过15%,也让更多业者加速抢进。

传统晶片大厂从不同战线进逼

辉达凭借原本用于游戏的绘图处理器(GPU),在开发人员发现其适合训练AI模型后登上半导体业龙头。ChatGPT于2022年底问世后,GPU需求爆发,更让传统竞争对手看到机会。

全球第二大GPU业者超微(AMD-US)上季资料中心营收成长逾一倍,达67亿美元。执行长苏姿丰预估,AI加速器市场到2030年将扩大至1.4兆美元,但辉达目前仍掌握约90%的市场,超微能取得多少市占仍有待观察。

英特尔(INTC-US)推出AI加速器的成效有限,但也受惠于AI资料中心投资热潮,带动营收及股价回升。博通(AVGO-US)与迈威尔(MRVL-US)则另辟蹊径,协助Google等超大规模云端业者设计客制化晶片。

中国市场同样成为竞争战场。美国出口管制禁止辉达向中国客户出售最先进产品,反而加快中国发展国产替代方案,包括遭美国列入黑名单的华为,均在快速推进可直接与辉达竞争的产品。

AI推论市场替新创打开缺口

AI产业正从大量资料训练模型,逐渐转向让模型回应实际需求的「推论」阶段。辉达GPU虽是训练模型的强大工具,但推论工作更加多元,为其他处理器创造切入空间。

Jon Peddie Research统计,目前约有150家公司开发超过200种AI半导体设计,希望针对不同模型提供速度更快或效率更高的推论晶片。新创公司d-Matrix执行长Sid Sheth指出,AI推论并非一体适用,无法只靠单一晶片以强大运算能力处理所有需求。

市场也希望AI晶片产业能从辉达一家独大,转向寡占格局。辉达高阶AI加速器每颗售价约3万美元,丰厚利润促使资金大量涌向挑战者。

Cerebras今年5月完成半导体业史上最大规模首次公开募股(IPO),其主打餐盘大小的晶片,宣称处理AI提示的速度快于辉达,并已与OpenAI及亚马逊达成合作。Positron、Fractile与Etched等原本名不见经传的新创公司,估值也随融资快速攀升。

不过,晶片设计耗时数年,成本可能高达数亿美元,而且鲜少一次就能成功。资金充足不代表能立即转化为产品,更不代表能撼动辉达已建立的软硬体生态系。

云端巨头加速打造自研晶片

超大规模云端服务商正在以晶片供应难以追上的速度扩建资料中心,使寻找辉达替代方案几乎成为必要选择,许多业者因而转向自行设计晶片。

博通已成为云端业者开发自研晶片的主要合作伙伴,目前正协助Google与Meta(META-US)等公司设计AI晶片,预估今年相关产品销售额将达560亿美元。这些业者透过特殊应用积体电路(ASIC),执行原本由辉达GPU负责的部分工作。

不过,云端巨头也不愿只依赖博通。Google近期与迈威尔达成合作,共同推进张量处理器(TPU)研发,并将首度在同一年同步推出两款TPU,其中一款锁定高速推论市场。Google也开始允许客户在自家云端与资料中心以外使用TPU,商业模式变得更接近辉达。

与此同时,亚马逊与Google等云端巨头已不再只为内部需求开发晶片,也逐步向第三方出售产品。这项转变来得比市场预期更快,可能进一步侵蚀辉达的市场空间。

AI实验室也想掌控整套基础设施

OpenAI与Anthropic等顶尖AI开发商不只积极建造资料中心,也希望拥有可针对自身需求调整的晶片,全面掌控AI基础设施。

Anthropic已透过与Google、亚马逊和超微签订总额达数百亿美元的合约,降低对辉达的依赖,同时筹划自研AI加速器,并曾接洽SK海力士(000660-KS),讨论供应配套记忆体晶片。

OpenAI则已提出更明确的自研晶片蓝图。公司与博通共同开发代号「Jalapeno」的处理器,预计今年稍晚部署至资料中心,初期专注AI推论,模型训练仍使用辉达GPU。新版晶片预计2028年推出,此后每年更新,未来也可能开放其他企业使用。

Meta则签下几乎所有主要AI零组件供应商,包括较晚进入市场的高通(QCOM-US),并规画多款自研半导体。不过,其自研晶片仍处于早期阶段,近月投入辉达产品的支出反而增加。

面对推论市场竞争,辉达也已展开反击,去年12月据报斥资200亿美元取得推论晶片新创Groq的技术与人才。公司并将晶片架构更新周期缩短至每年一次,同时扩大资料中心散热、网路及储存产品布局。

晶片产能则是另一道护城河。台积电(2330-TW)(TSM-US)主导全球先进晶片制造,堪称AI处理器竞赛的造王者。辉达与台积电关系深厚,供应承诺超过1,000亿美元,可提前数季锁定关键产能,庞大规模与采购能力本身已成为竞争优势。

辉达今年股价上涨15%,虽落后费城半导体指数的66%,但多数挑战者距离真正威胁其地位仍十分遥远。就连积极发展自研晶片的亚马逊,仍将约四分之一资本支出交给辉达。Positron执行长Mitesh Agrawal直言,在营收至少达到辉达十分之一以前,任何业者都很难自称是辉达的真正对手。

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      "id": 71,
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      "name": "经纪商 ",
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    "content": "<p>人工智慧(AI)晶片市场规模正朝1兆美元迈进,辉达(NVDA-US)目前仍占据主导地位,但竞争者正从四面八方逼近。传统晶片大厂、新创公司、云端服务巨头乃至OpenAI、Anthropic等AI实验室,都在试图降低对辉达的依赖,瓜分这块快速膨胀的市场。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6585590/l/a23cc4e250b1b289f2c8540754fc1b30.jpg\" alt=\"1兆美元AI晶片大战开打!辉达霸主地位遭挑战 台积电成胜负关键\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>亚马逊(AMZN-US)执行长贾西(Andy Jassy)日前表示,若将公司旗下晶片部门视为独立事业,年营收已超过250亿美元,且销售额正以三位数百分比成长。尽管亚马逊仍是辉达最大客户之一,却也已成为全球规模最大的资料中心晶片业者之一。</p>\n\n<p>辉达周三(26日)美股盘后公布的财报预料将再次展现领先优势。分析师估计,上季营收年增近一倍至920亿美元,甚至超过多数竞争对手全年的营收。然而,辉达高达约75%的利润率,以及部分搭载其AI晶片的伺服器价格涨幅超过15%,也让更多业者加速抢进。</p>\n\n<h6>传统晶片大厂从不同战线进逼</h6>\n\n<p>辉达凭借原本用于游戏的绘图处理器(GPU),在开发人员发现其适合训练AI模型后登上半导体业龙头。ChatGPT于2022年底问世后,GPU需求爆发,更让传统竞争对手看到机会。</p>\n\n<p>全球第二大GPU业者超微(AMD-US)上季资料中心营收成长逾一倍,达67亿美元。执行长苏姿丰预估,AI加速器市场到2030年将扩大至1.4兆美元,但辉达目前仍掌握约90%的市场,超微能取得多少市占仍有待观察。</p>\n\n<p>英特尔(INTC-US)推出AI加速器的成效有限,但也受惠于AI资料中心投资热潮,带动营收及股价回升。博通(AVGO-US)与迈威尔(MRVL-US)则另辟蹊径,协助Google等超大规模云端业者设计客制化晶片。</p>\n\n<p>中国市场同样成为竞争战场。美国出口管制禁止辉达向中国客户出售最先进产品,反而加快中国发展国产替代方案,包括遭美国列入黑名单的华为,均在快速推进可直接与辉达竞争的产品。</p>\n\n<h6>AI推论市场替新创打开缺口</h6>\n\n<p>AI产业正从大量资料训练模型,逐渐转向让模型回应实际需求的「推论」阶段。辉达GPU虽是训练模型的强大工具,但推论工作更加多元,为其他处理器创造切入空间。</p>\n\n<p>Jon Peddie Research统计,目前约有150家公司开发超过200种AI半导体设计,希望针对不同模型提供速度更快或效率更高的推论晶片。新创公司d-Matrix执行长Sid Sheth指出,AI推论并非一体适用,无法只靠单一晶片以强大运算能力处理所有需求。</p>\n\n<p>市场也希望AI晶片产业能从辉达一家独大,转向寡占格局。辉达高阶AI加速器每颗售价约3万美元,丰厚利润促使资金大量涌向挑战者。</p>\n\n<p>Cerebras今年5月完成半导体业史上最大规模首次公开募股(IPO),其主打餐盘大小的晶片,宣称处理AI提示的速度快于辉达,并已与OpenAI及亚马逊达成合作。Positron、Fractile与Etched等原本名不见经传的新创公司,估值也随融资快速攀升。</p>\n\n<p>不过,晶片设计耗时数年,成本可能高达数亿美元,而且鲜少一次就能成功。资金充足不代表能立即转化为产品,更不代表能撼动辉达已建立的软硬体生态系。</p>\n\n<h6>云端巨头加速打造自研晶片</h6>\n\n<p>超大规模云端服务商正在以晶片供应难以追上的速度扩建资料中心,使寻找辉达替代方案几乎成为必要选择,许多业者因而转向自行设计晶片。</p>\n\n<p>博通已成为云端业者开发自研晶片的主要合作伙伴,目前正协助Google与Meta(META-US)等公司设计AI晶片,预估今年相关产品销售额将达560亿美元。这些业者透过特殊应用积体电路(ASIC),执行原本由辉达GPU负责的部分工作。</p>\n\n<p>不过,云端巨头也不愿只依赖博通。Google近期与迈威尔达成合作,共同推进张量处理器(TPU)研发,并将首度在同一年同步推出两款TPU,其中一款锁定高速推论市场。Google也开始允许客户在自家云端与资料中心以外使用TPU,商业模式变得更接近辉达。</p>\n\n<p>与此同时,亚马逊与Google等云端巨头已不再只为内部需求开发晶片,也逐步向第三方出售产品。这项转变来得比市场预期更快,可能进一步侵蚀辉达的市场空间。</p>\n\n<h6>AI实验室也想掌控整套基础设施</h6>\n\n<p>OpenAI与Anthropic等顶尖AI开发商不只积极建造资料中心,也希望拥有可针对自身需求调整的晶片,全面掌控AI基础设施。</p>\n\n<p>Anthropic已透过与Google、亚马逊和超微签订总额达数百亿美元的合约,降低对辉达的依赖,同时筹划自研AI加速器,并曾接洽SK海力士(000660-KS),讨论供应配套记忆体晶片。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI则已提出更明确的自研晶片蓝图。公司与博通共同开发代号「Jalapeno」的处理器,预计今年稍晚部署至资料中心,初期专注AI推论,模型训练仍使用辉达GPU。新版晶片预计2028年推出,此后每年更新,未来也可能开放其他企业使用。</p>\n\n<p>Meta则签下几乎所有主要AI零组件供应商,包括较晚进入市场的高通(QCOM-US),并规画多款自研半导体。不过,其自研晶片仍处于早期阶段,近月投入辉达产品的支出反而增加。</p>\n\n<p>面对推论市场竞争,辉达也已展开反击,去年12月据报斥资200亿美元取得推论晶片新创Groq的技术与人才。公司并将晶片架构更新周期缩短至每年一次,同时扩大资料中心散热、网路及储存产品布局。</p>\n\n<p>晶片产能则是另一道护城河。台积电(2330-TW)(TSM-US)主导全球先进晶片制造,堪称AI处理器竞赛的造王者。辉达与台积电关系深厚,供应承诺超过1,000亿美元,可提前数季锁定关键产能,庞大规模与采购能力本身已成为竞争优势。</p>\n\n<p>辉达今年股价上涨15%,虽落后费城半导体指数的66%,但多数挑战者距离真正威胁其地位仍十分遥远。就连积极发展自研晶片的亚马逊,仍将约四分之一资本支出交给辉达。Positron执行长Mitesh Agrawal直言,在营收至少达到辉达十分之一以前,任何业者都很难自称是辉达的真正对手。</p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-12418.html\" title=\"美债殖利率恐戳破美股泡沫?分析:高估值与AI循环融资风险升高\">美债殖利率恐戳破美股泡沫?分析:高估值与AI循环融资风险升高</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6002.html\" title=\"Meta出招降低辉达依赖!自研AI晶片Iris今年9月启动量产\">Meta出招降低辉达依赖!自研AI晶片Iris今年9月启动量产</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3314.html\" title=\"Palantir跌破关键支撑!还会跌多少?分析师怎这样说\">Palantir跌破关键支撑!还会跌多少?分析师怎这样说</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-2747.html\" title=\"Alphabet盘中重挫领跌 科技股承压反映AI投资焦虑\">Alphabet盘中重挫领跌 科技股承压反映AI投资焦虑</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-589.html\" title=\"三星加速「去高通化」战略!Galaxy S27 Exynos占比翻倍\">三星加速「去高通化」战略!Galaxy S27 Exynos占比翻倍</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-12455.html\" title=\"本周操盘笔记:辉达财报、华许演说与PCE三大关卡来了\">本周操盘笔记:辉达财报、华许演说与PCE三大关卡来了</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-08-24T15:50:03.000Z",
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