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OpenAI Astra是加速走向失控的「算力怪兽」?能自己操作电脑、思维链恐越来越难读懂

2026-10-24 15:50:37 网络 阅读(60)

OpenAI推出新一代旗舰模型GPT-6 Astra,主打让AI直接操作电脑、执行复杂任务,被公司视为迈向「AGI时代」的重要一步;然而,Astra采用的新架构也引发AI安全疑虑,专家警告,当模型推理过程逐渐难以被人类读懂,未来AI监控可能面临更大挑战。

OpenAI Astra是加速走向失控的「算力怪兽」?能自己操作电脑、思维链恐越来越难读懂

根据《财富》报导,OpenAI在9月3日发布Astra,其中一项代表性功能为「电脑使用」(Computer Use),让AI能像人类一样操作电脑。

OpenAI展示的影片中,使用者透过语音下达指令,AI则完成电脑操作,整体互动过程相对流畅。

OpenAI共同创办人暨总裁Greg Brockman表示,电脑使用能力是Astra众多新功能中相当重要的一项,模型可以高速处理试算表、填写表单及浏览网页。

除了电脑操作外,OpenAI也强调Astra在数学运算、软体工程与网路安全防御方面的能力。公司公布的基准测试结果显示,Astra在多项任务上的表现优于GPT-5.6 Sol及Anthropic的Claude Fable 5.1。

在ARC-AGI-3测试中,Astra得分98.6%,GPT-5.6 Sol为7.8%,Claude Opus 5则为30%;该测试主要用于评估模型面对未见情境时的推理能力。在网路安全挑战ExploitBench中,Astra则取得满分,高于GPT-5.6 Sol的78.5%。

Brockman认为,电脑使用能力可能被视为「AGI时代」的开端。他指出,若有人认为目前已经进入AGI时代,这种看法并非毫无道理;甚至将Astra视为第一个AGI,也有其合理性。

不过,AGI的定义至今仍存在争议。OpenAI过去曾将AGI定义为,能在所有具经济价值的工作中达到或超越人类水准的自动化系统。

Brockman则表示,AGI并非突然出现,而是逐步累积形成。

Astra初期限缩开放 网路安全能力受到管制

尽管Astra具备直接操作电脑的能力,但OpenAI并未立即全面开放所有功能。公司初期仅向部分企业客户提供Astra,包括专注网路安全的Daybreak计划客户,并计划在数日内向Plus、Pro及Enterprise用户开放,同时透过OpenAI API及AWS提供。

OpenAI表示,提供给相关客户的版本不具备高阶网路安全任务能力。

OpenAI发言人指出,Astra属于规模非常大的模型,初期限制使用范围,主要是为了逐步扩充计算能力。

OpenAI研究副总裁Aidan Clark则表示,Astra开发涉及公司迄今最大规模的训练,首次在德州Stargate资料中心使用超过10万颗GPU进行预训练。

Astra的推出也与网路安全事件有关。OpenAI在7月Hugging Face遭AI代理入侵事件后延后Astra发布,以增加额外安全措施。此后,公司强化监控并进一步隔离训练环境,但外界仍质疑新增监控措施是否足够。

依照美国AI安全框架相关条款,OpenAI在发布Astra前也将模型提交美国政府审查。不过,该框架属于科技业与川普政府之间的自愿性协议,具体内容尚未公开,也不是正式的公开审查程序。

Astra同时成为OpenAI首个达到「关键网路安全能力门槛」的模型。这项门槛来自OpenAI内部「准备框架」,公司将依模型可能带来的风险采取不同安全措施。

OpenAI表示,在适当条件下,Astra能够在没有人工监督的情况下发现并利用过去未知的安全漏洞,因此最先进的网路安全能力目前仅向部分合作伙伴开放。

Astra新架构引发疑虑 AI思维链恐更难监控

相较于Astra能直接操作电脑所带来的能力提升,AI安全专家更关注其模型架构可能造成的另一项影响:人类未来是否还能看懂AI究竟是如何进行推理。

Astra部分采用了「循环深度」或「循环Transformer」技术。这种架构可以减少模型处理指令所需的计算资源,提高AI运算效率。

但另一方面,循环式处理也可能让模型的思维链,也就是推理步骤,不再完全以自然语言呈现,使人类难以监控其行为及动机。

这对AI安全而言尤其重要。现阶段,思维链监控被视为观察AI代理是否产生意外或未经授权行为的重要方法之一。若模型的推理过程逐渐变得难以阅读,人类监控其行为与意图的难度也可能随之提高。

OpenAI首席科学家Jakub Pachocki表示,公司对思维链监控高度重视,自早期推理模型推出以来,OpenAI便持续投入相关研究。他也透露,公司对循环Transformer的使用有所限制,以维持推理过程的可读性。

Pachocki承认,未来思维链监控可能面临更大的挑战,但他认为这不一定源自模型架构本身,OpenAI仍可采取措施强化监控,相关工作也是目前研究重点之一。

不过,AI安全领域仍出现反对声音。

曾任OpenAI安全研究员、现任Guidelight AI Standards负责人的Stephen Adler认为,OpenAI此举可能踩到AI产业少数重要的安全红线。

华盛顿特区智库AI政策网路政策总监Peter Wildford也警告,OpenAI采用循环深度技术可能带来令人担忧的后果。

Wildford指出,在7月Hugging Face遭AI代理入侵事件中,OpenAI及外部AI评估公司能够透过包括读取模型思维链在内的方法,重建部分事件经过。如果未来AI的思维链变得更加难以理解,人类可能因此失去重要的监控手段。

前OpenAI治理研究员Daniel Kokotajlo则警告,即使OpenAI未进一步采用让思维链更难理解的架构,其他AI公司仍可能跟进。

他因此呼吁Pachocki推动制定业界通用的思维链可监控性标准,避免AI模型推理过程的透明度持续下降。

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    "description": "OpenAI推出GPT-6 Astra,AI可直接操作电脑、执行复杂任务,并在数学、软体工程及网路安全展现强大能力;但新架构也引发思维链监控与AI安全疑虑。",
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    "content": "<p>OpenAI推出新一代旗舰模型GPT-6 Astra,主打让AI直接操作电脑、执行复杂任务,被公司视为迈向「AGI时代」的重要一步;然而,Astra采用的新架构也引发AI安全疑虑,专家警告,当模型推理过程逐渐难以被人类读懂,未来AI监控可能面临更大挑战。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6598915/l/99882802bd7905f133d55a215fb7919f.jpg\" alt=\"OpenAI Astra是加速走向失控的「算力怪兽」?能自己操作电脑、思维链恐越来越难读懂\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>根据《财富》报导,OpenAI在9月3日发布Astra,其中一项代表性功能为「电脑使用」(Computer Use),让AI能像人类一样操作电脑。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI展示的影片中,使用者透过语音下达指令,AI则完成电脑操作,整体互动过程相对流畅。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI共同创办人暨总裁Greg Brockman表示,电脑使用能力是Astra众多新功能中相当重要的一项,模型可以高速处理试算表、填写表单及浏览网页。</p>\n\n<p>除了电脑操作外,OpenAI也强调Astra在数学运算、软体工程与网路安全防御方面的能力。公司公布的基准测试结果显示,Astra在多项任务上的表现优于GPT-5.6 Sol及Anthropic的Claude Fable 5.1。</p>\n\n<p>在ARC-AGI-3测试中,Astra得分98.6%,GPT-5.6 Sol为7.8%,Claude Opus 5则为30%;该测试主要用于评估模型面对未见情境时的推理能力。在网路安全挑战ExploitBench中,Astra则取得满分,高于GPT-5.6 Sol的78.5%。</p>\n\n<p>Brockman认为,电脑使用能力可能被视为「AGI时代」的开端。他指出,若有人认为目前已经进入AGI时代,这种看法并非毫无道理;甚至将Astra视为第一个AGI,也有其合理性。</p>\n\n<p>不过,AGI的定义至今仍存在争议。OpenAI过去曾将AGI定义为,能在所有具经济价值的工作中达到或超越人类水准的自动化系统。</p>\n\n<p>Brockman则表示,AGI并非突然出现,而是逐步累积形成。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>Astra</strong><strong>初期限缩开放 网路安全能力受到管制</strong></h6>\n\n<p>尽管Astra具备直接操作电脑的能力,但OpenAI并未立即全面开放所有功能。公司初期仅向部分企业客户提供Astra,包括专注网路安全的Daybreak计划客户,并计划在数日内向Plus、Pro及Enterprise用户开放,同时透过OpenAI API及AWS提供。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI表示,提供给相关客户的版本不具备高阶网路安全任务能力。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI发言人指出,Astra属于规模非常大的模型,初期限制使用范围,主要是为了逐步扩充计算能力。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI研究副总裁Aidan Clark则表示,Astra开发涉及公司迄今最大规模的训练,首次在德州Stargate资料中心使用超过10万颗GPU进行预训练。</p>\n\n<p>Astra的推出也与网路安全事件有关。OpenAI在7月Hugging Face遭AI代理入侵事件后延后Astra发布,以增加额外安全措施。此后,公司强化监控并进一步隔离训练环境,但外界仍质疑新增监控措施是否足够。</p>\n\n<p>依照美国AI安全框架相关条款,OpenAI在发布Astra前也将模型提交美国政府审查。不过,该框架属于科技业与川普政府之间的自愿性协议,具体内容尚未公开,也不是正式的公开审查程序。</p>\n\n<p>Astra同时成为OpenAI首个达到「关键网路安全能力门槛」的模型。这项门槛来自OpenAI内部「准备框架」,公司将依模型可能带来的风险采取不同安全措施。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI表示,在适当条件下,Astra能够在没有人工监督的情况下发现并利用过去未知的安全漏洞,因此最先进的网路安全能力目前仅向部分合作伙伴开放。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>Astra</strong><strong>新架构引发疑虑 </strong><strong>AI</strong><strong>思维链恐更难监控</strong></h6>\n\n<p>相较于Astra能直接操作电脑所带来的能力提升,AI安全专家更关注其模型架构可能造成的另一项影响:人类未来是否还能看懂AI究竟是如何进行推理。</p>\n\n<p>Astra部分采用了「循环深度」或「循环Transformer」技术。这种架构可以减少模型处理指令所需的计算资源,提高AI运算效率。</p>\n\n<p>但另一方面,循环式处理也可能让模型的思维链,也就是推理步骤,不再完全以自然语言呈现,使人类难以监控其行为及动机。</p>\n\n<p>这对AI安全而言尤其重要。现阶段,思维链监控被视为观察AI代理是否产生意外或未经授权行为的重要方法之一。若模型的推理过程逐渐变得难以阅读,人类监控其行为与意图的难度也可能随之提高。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI首席科学家Jakub Pachocki表示,公司对思维链监控高度重视,自早期推理模型推出以来,OpenAI便持续投入相关研究。他也透露,公司对循环Transformer的使用有所限制,以维持推理过程的可读性。</p>\n\n<p>Pachocki承认,未来思维链监控可能面临更大的挑战,但他认为这不一定源自模型架构本身,OpenAI仍可采取措施强化监控,相关工作也是目前研究重点之一。</p>\n\n<p>不过,AI安全领域仍出现反对声音。</p>\n\n<p>曾任OpenAI安全研究员、现任Guidelight AI Standards负责人的Stephen Adler认为,OpenAI此举可能踩到AI产业少数重要的安全红线。</p>\n\n<p>华盛顿特区智库AI政策网路政策总监Peter Wildford也警告,OpenAI采用循环深度技术可能带来令人担忧的后果。</p>\n\n<p>Wildford指出,在7月Hugging Face遭AI代理入侵事件中,OpenAI及外部AI评估公司能够透过包括读取模型思维链在内的方法,重建部分事件经过。如果未来AI的思维链变得更加难以理解,人类可能因此失去重要的监控手段。</p>\n\n<p>前OpenAI治理研究员Daniel Kokotajlo则警告,即使OpenAI未进一步采用让思维链更难理解的架构,其他AI公司仍可能跟进。</p>\n\n<p>他因此呼吁Pachocki推动制定业界通用的思维链可监控性标准,避免AI模型推理过程的透明度持续下降。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-16381.html\" title=\"〈美股盘后〉油价、美债殖利率「双降」 那指涨近1.7% 费半强升超3%\">〈美股盘后〉油价、美债殖利率「双降」 那指涨近1.7% 费半强升超3%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6433.html\" title=\"【美股盘前】油价飙升、科技股承压本周CPI与财报季接棒牵动市场\">【美股盘前】油价飙升、科技股承压本周CPI与财报季接棒牵动市场</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-16558.html\" title=\"〈纽约汇市〉美元维持逾7周高点 Fed立场偏鹰\">〈纽约汇市〉美元维持逾7周高点 Fed立场偏鹰</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4358.html\" title=\"瑞银上调台积电目标价 看好未来三年产能扩张与提价预期\">瑞银上调台积电目标价 看好未来三年产能扩张与提价预期</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-16841.html\" title=\"辉达升逾2% 川普与中国谈判可望推动进一步上涨\">辉达升逾2% 川普与中国谈判可望推动进一步上涨</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3646.html\" title=\"裴洛西加码英特尔与Uber 长天期买权曝光\">裴洛西加码英特尔与Uber 长天期买权曝光</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-09-07T08:40:02.000Z",
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