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甲骨文180亿美元AI贷款陷分销困境!资料中心融资风险浮现

2026-09-20 18:23:03 网络 阅读(4)

人工智慧(AI)基础建设投资热潮持续之际,甲骨文(ORCL-US) 一笔规模达180亿美元的资料中心联贷交易,传出因折价出售而陷入分销困境。市场对这笔贷款的定价变化,凸显AI资料中心建设进度、企业举债规模及未来现金流之间的矛盾,也引发外界对AI产业融资模式的关注。

甲骨文180亿美元AI贷款陷分销困境!资料中心融资风险浮现

根据《金融时报》与《华尔街日报》报导,甲骨文位于美国新墨西哥州的Project Jupiter资料中心,涉及约180亿美元的银团贷款。

这笔贷款目前由桑坦德银行(Santander)及Jefferies等牵头银行,以每1美元面额89至91美分的价格报价,对应市值约160亿至164亿美元,较原始面额折价近10%

这笔贷款于去年底发放,当时的承销逻辑建立在甲骨文与OpenAI签订的3,000亿美元、为期5年的云端合约之上,并以投资级信用条件作为假设。

然而,目前市场报价所反映的殖利率,已接近单一B级信用债务的水准,显示投资人对这笔贷款的风险评估出现变化。

一家固定收益研究机构的欧洲信用策略主管Marta Villegas表示,贷款机构如今关注的已不再只是OpenAI合约本身,而是资料中心的建设进度。在新墨西哥州设施完成通电并开始产生营收之前,贷款抵押品主要仍是硬体设备及相关许可。

由于贷款分销进度陷入停滞,银行必须在资产负债表上保留超出原定计划的甲骨文债务曝险。

信用评等逼近圾级 杠杆与现金流承压

甲骨文目前的财务状况,也成为市场重新检视其AI基础建设融资能力的重要因素。

2026年7月,标准普尔(S&P)将甲骨文信用评等下调至BBB-,距离垃圾级的评等仅差一级。惠誉(Fitch)则给予甲骨文BBB评等,并警告若公司杠杆持续高于门槛,可能采取负面评等行动。

根据相关资料,甲骨文目前债务规模约1,295亿美元,债务与EBITDA比率约4.3倍。相较之下,Alphabet(GOOGL-US) 、亚马逊(AMZN-US) 、微软(MSFT-US) 及Meta(META-US) 的同项比率均低于1倍。

穆迪(Moody's)目前维持甲骨文Baa2评等,但展望为负面。该机构指出,其他大型AI基础建设供应商并未以同样高的杠杆水准及负自由现金流,投入目前这一轮投资周期。

甲骨文的资本支出压力也持续升高。公司2026会计年度资本支出约556亿美元,高于原先设定的500亿美元目标;2027会计年度资本支出指引进一步上调至900亿至950亿美元。与此同时,公司自由现金流已转为负值,预计净负债将突破1,050亿美元。

信用违约交换(CDS)市场同样反映出相关疑虑。甲骨文5年期CDS利差已扩大至约203个基点,接近2008年以来的高点。

摩根大通此前也推出涵盖甲骨文在内的5家超大规模云端服务商CDS篮子,供机构投资人用于避险或押注AI相关信用风险。

此外,甲骨文2026年1月遭债券持有人集体提告。原告指控,公司在发行180亿美元债券时,未揭露未来需要大规模举债建设AI基础设施的计划,涉及「虚假及误导性」陈述。

Project Jupiter建设受阻 延宕恐加剧资金压力

Project Jupiter位于新墨西哥州Doña Ana郡,占地约1,400英亩,原先规划以2.2吉瓦燃气涡轮机供电。然而,州土地办公室阻止天然气管道铺设申请,迫使甲骨文改采再生能源方案,进而改变工程时程及成本结构。

当地社区对水资源及空气品质的疑虑,也为资料中心开发增添阻力。甲骨文在德州及威斯康辛州的规划据点,同样面临法律挑战及延长的公众评论程序。

相关分析指出,资料中心若延迟完工,营收认列时间便会往后推迟,但利息支出仍会持续累积,形成建设进度与融资成本之间的落差。

甲骨文在德州、威斯康辛州及新墨西哥州的规划据点,估计合计需要约560亿美元融资,其中德州及威斯康辛州约占380亿美元。此外,公司据报计划在本会计年度再融资超过400亿美元的债务及股权。

AI融资热潮扩大 市场承接能力面临考验

甲骨文的融资困境,也与AI产业整体资金需求快速膨胀有关。

《金融时报》报导,OpenAI在7月的一份内部简报中披露,预计2026年至2030年间累计自由现金流将为负2,780亿美元。公司营收预估将从2026年的360亿美元,增加至2030年的3,500亿美元,但算力及基础建设支出仍将大幅超过营收规模。

OpenAI是甲骨文最大的AI客户之一。相关财务预期也让市场开始关注,OpenAI未来履行3,000亿美元云端合约时,实际付款的时间及资金品质是否能符合原先假设。

与此同时,美国5大云端运算公司的2026年资本支出指引合计超过7,500亿美元,2027年预计突破1.1兆美元。摩根大通预估,未来5年投资级企业信用市场将为资料中心提供超过2.1兆美元融资,高收益债及杠杆贷款则可能额外贡献约3,500亿美元。

不过,市场吸收这些融资的能力正受到考验。2026年上半年,AI相关融资占投资级公司债发行量的34%,占高收益债发行量的40%。债券认购覆盖倍数也从2月接近5倍,降至7月不到2倍,显示密集的企业债发行可能正在消耗市场承接空间。

早在5月,摩根大通、摩根士丹利及三菱日联金融集团等银行,便开始寻求透过出售私人贷款及重大风险转移等方式,降低资料中心相关债务曝险。

甲骨文相关贷款的分销工作,据报已持续超过6个月仍未完成。

另一方面,《华尔街日报》报导,Anthropic原定于10月进行的首次公开募股(IPO),计划延后至11月。知情人士表示,AI产业几家大型企业的负责人呼吁放慢技术发展步伐,是延期原因之一。

华尔街多空分歧 聚焦甲骨文转型与债务压力

面对甲骨文的AI基础建设布局,华尔街分析师的看法并不一致,市场争论主要围绕公司能否在债务压力升高之前,将AI投资转化为实际营收及现金流。

摩根大通分析师Samik Chatterjee维持甲骨文「加码」评级及200美元目标价。他认为,投资人仍将甲骨文视为成熟的软体公司,低估其转型为AI基础建设供应商的潜力。

摩根大通预估,甲骨文云端基础设施营收将从2026会计年度的180亿美元,增至2030会计年度的1,800亿美元,并认为市场目前对公司短期融资风险的关注程度过高。

花旗分析师Tyler Radke则维持甲骨文「买进」评级及330美元目标价,将股价先前的下跌归因于投资人恐慌及信用市场压力,并认为强制性抛售的影响已经消退。

另一方面,知名放空投资人、《大卖空》原型贝瑞(Michael Burry)据报增加甲骨文的放空部位。他预测,到2028年AI算力可能供过于求,并认为甲骨文依赖债务为AI基础建设融资的模式,已为这波AI热潮埋下时间压力。

甲骨文2027会计年度资本支出预计高达950亿美元,未来资料中心租赁承诺则约为2,600亿美元。

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资料中心工程延宕、AI融资需求激增,市场关注甲骨文现金流与整体融资风险。",
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    "content": "<p>人工智慧(AI)基础建设投资热潮持续之际,甲骨文(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:ORCL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">ORCL-US</a>) 一笔规模达180亿美元的资料中心联贷交易,传出因折价出售而陷入分销困境。市场对这笔贷款的定价变化,凸显AI资料中心建设进度、企业举债规模及未来现金流之间的矛盾,也引发外界对AI产业融资模式的关注。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6611275/l/d105f9a93b7cd95ab584ae9959e209a0.jpg\" alt=\"甲骨文180亿美元AI贷款陷分销困境!资料中心融资风险浮现\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>根据《金融时报》与《华尔街日报》报导,甲骨文位于美国新墨西哥州的Project Jupiter资料中心,涉及约180亿美元的银团贷款。</p>\n\n<p>这笔贷款目前由桑坦德银行(Santander)及Jefferies等牵头银行,以每1美元面额89至91美分的价格报价,对应市值约160亿至164亿美元,较原始面额折价近<strong>10%</strong>。</p>\n\n<p>这笔贷款于去年底发放,当时的承销逻辑建立在甲骨文与OpenAI签订的3,000亿美元、为期5年的云端合约之上,并以投资级信用条件作为假设。</p>\n\n<p>然而,目前市场报价所反映的殖利率,已接近单一B级信用债务的水准,显示投资人对这笔贷款的风险评估出现变化。</p>\n\n<p>一家固定收益研究机构的欧洲信用策略主管Marta Villegas表示,贷款机构如今关注的已不再只是OpenAI合约本身,而是资料中心的建设进度。在新墨西哥州设施完成通电并开始产生营收之前,贷款抵押品主要仍是硬体设备及相关许可。</p>\n\n<p>由于贷款分销进度陷入停滞,银行必须在资产负债表上保留超出原定计划的甲骨文债务曝险。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>信用评等逼近</strong><strong>垃</strong><strong>圾级</strong><strong> </strong><strong>杠杆与现金流承压</strong></h6>\n\n<p>甲骨文目前的财务状况,也成为市场重新检视其AI基础建设融资能力的重要因素。</p>\n\n<p>2026年7月,标准普尔(S&P)将甲骨文信用评等下调至BBB-,距离垃圾级的评等仅差一级。惠誉(Fitch)则给予甲骨文BBB评等,并警告若公司杠杆持续高于门槛,可能采取负面评等行动。</p>\n\n<p>根据相关资料,甲骨文目前债务规模约1,295亿美元,债务与EBITDA比率约4.3倍。相较之下,Alphabet(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:GOOGL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">GOOGL-US</a>) 、亚马逊(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:AMZN:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">AMZN-US</a>) 、微软(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:MSFT:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">MSFT-US</a>) 及Meta(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:META:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">META-US</a>) 的同项比率均低于1倍。</p>\n\n<p>穆迪(Moody's)目前维持甲骨文Baa2评等,但展望为负面。该机构指出,其他大型AI基础建设供应商并未以同样高的杠杆水准及负自由现金流,投入目前这一轮投资周期。</p>\n\n<p>甲骨文的资本支出压力也持续升高。公司2026会计年度资本支出约556亿美元,高于原先设定的500亿美元目标;2027会计年度资本支出指引进一步上调至900亿至950亿美元。与此同时,公司自由现金流已转为负值,预计净负债将突破1,050亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>信用违约交换(CDS)市场同样反映出相关疑虑。甲骨文5年期CDS利差已扩大至约203个基点,接近2008年以来的高点。</p>\n\n<p>摩根大通此前也推出涵盖甲骨文在内的5家超大规模云端服务商CDS篮子,供机构投资人用于避险或押注AI相关信用风险。</p>\n\n<p>此外,甲骨文2026年1月遭债券持有人集体提告。原告指控,公司在发行180亿美元债券时,未揭露未来需要大规模举债建设AI基础设施的计划,涉及「虚假及误导性」陈述。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>Project Jupiter</strong><strong>建设受阻</strong><strong> </strong><strong>延宕恐加剧资金压力</strong></h6>\n\n<p>Project Jupiter位于新墨西哥州Do&ntilde;a Ana郡,占地约1,400英亩,原先规划以2.2吉瓦燃气涡轮机供电。然而,州土地办公室阻止天然气管道铺设申请,迫使甲骨文改采再生能源方案,进而改变工程时程及成本结构。</p>\n\n<p>当地社区对水资源及空气品质的疑虑,也为资料中心开发增添阻力。甲骨文在德州及威斯康辛州的规划据点,同样面临法律挑战及延长的公众评论程序。</p>\n\n<p>相关分析指出,资料中心若延迟完工,营收认列时间便会往后推迟,但利息支出仍会持续累积,形成建设进度与融资成本之间的落差。</p>\n\n<p>甲骨文在德州、威斯康辛州及新墨西哥州的规划据点,估计合计需要约560亿美元融资,其中德州及威斯康辛州约占380亿美元。此外,公司据报计划在本会计年度再融资超过400亿美元的债务及股权。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>AI</strong><strong>融资热潮扩大</strong><strong> </strong><strong>市场承接能力面临考验</strong></h6>\n\n<p>甲骨文的融资困境,也与AI产业整体资金需求快速膨胀有关。</p>\n\n<p>《金融时报》报导,OpenAI在7月的一份内部简报中披露,预计2026年至2030年间累计自由现金流将为负2,780亿美元。公司营收预估将从2026年的360亿美元,增加至2030年的3,500亿美元,但算力及基础建设支出仍将大幅超过营收规模。</p>\n\n<p>OpenAI是甲骨文最大的AI客户之一。相关财务预期也让市场开始关注,OpenAI未来履行3,000亿美元云端合约时,实际付款的时间及资金品质是否能符合原先假设。</p>\n\n<p>与此同时,美国5大云端运算公司的2026年资本支出指引合计超过7,500亿美元,2027年预计突破1.1兆美元。摩根大通预估,未来5年投资级企业信用市场将为资料中心提供超过2.1兆美元融资,高收益债及杠杆贷款则可能额外贡献约3,500亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>不过,市场吸收这些融资的能力正受到考验。2026年上半年,AI相关融资占投资级公司债发行量的34%,占高收益债发行量的40%。债券认购覆盖倍数也从2月接近5倍,降至7月不到2倍,显示密集的企业债发行可能正在消耗市场承接空间。</p>\n\n<p>早在5月,摩根大通、摩根士丹利及三菱日联金融集团等银行,便开始寻求透过出售私人贷款及重大风险转移等方式,降低资料中心相关债务曝险。</p>\n\n<p>甲骨文相关贷款的分销工作,据报已持续超过6个月仍未完成。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,《华尔街日报》报导,Anthropic原定于10月进行的首次公开募股(IPO),计划延后至11月。知情人士表示,AI产业几家大型企业的负责人呼吁放慢技术发展步伐,是延期原因之一。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>华尔街多空分歧</strong><strong> </strong><strong>聚焦甲骨文转型与债务压力</strong></h6>\n\n<p>面对甲骨文的AI基础建设布局,华尔街分析师的看法并不一致,市场争论主要围绕公司能否在债务压力升高之前,将AI投资转化为实际营收及现金流。</p>\n\n<p>摩根大通分析师Samik Chatterjee维持甲骨文「加码」评级及200美元目标价。他认为,投资人仍将甲骨文视为成熟的软体公司,低估其转型为AI基础建设供应商的潜力。</p>\n\n<p>摩根大通预估,甲骨文云端基础设施营收将从2026会计年度的180亿美元,增至2030会计年度的1,800亿美元,并认为市场目前对公司短期融资风险的关注程度过高。</p>\n\n<p>花旗分析师Tyler Radke则维持甲骨文「买进」评级及330美元目标价,将股价先前的下跌归因于投资人恐慌及信用市场压力,并认为强制性抛售的影响已经消退。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,知名放空投资人、《大卖空》原型贝瑞(Michael Burry)据报增加甲骨文的放空部位。他预测,到2028年AI算力可能供过于求,并认为甲骨文依赖债务为AI基础建设融资的模式,已为这波AI热潮埋下时间压力。</p>\n\n<p>甲骨文2027会计年度资本支出预计高达950亿美元,未来资料中心租赁承诺则约为2,600亿美元。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-413.html\" title=\"野村证券修正预测:联准会2026年将维持利率不变\">野村证券修正预测:联准会2026年将维持利率不变</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-16257.html\" title=\"OpenAI 1.2兆美元估值可望让甲骨文走出AI放缓阴霾?\">OpenAI 1.2兆美元估值可望让甲骨文走出AI放缓阴霾?</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6216.html\" title=\"美对伊朗下通牒!公开保证荷姆兹海峡完全开放 否则有「相应后果」\">美对伊朗下通牒!公开保证荷姆兹海峡完全开放 否则有「相应后果」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-15994.html\" title=\"今年还能涨、明年恐摔21%!分析师示警美股已进入「泡沫末期」\">今年还能涨、明年恐摔21%!分析师示警美股已进入「泡沫末期」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-14068.html\" title=\"美国弹药真见底?传爱国者、战斧两大主力导弹最晚2031年才能补足\">美国弹药真见底?传爱国者、战斧两大主力导弹最晚2031年才能补足</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-639.html\" title=\"美股重点新闻摘要2026年5月27日\">美股重点新闻摘要2026年5月27日</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-09-20T07:10:04.000Z",
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