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美银示警美股重演网路泡沫前兆!AI股独撑行情、Hartnett喊买进美债

2026-10-05 06:16:05 网络 阅读(1)

美国银行(BofA)证券首席投资策略师Michael Hartnett警告,当前美股市场的板块分化与市场广度,已出现与2000年网路泡沫破裂前夕相似的讯号。随着涨势愈发集中于人工智慧(AI)相关股票,其他类股表现疲弱,市场结构失衡的风险正在升高。

美银示警美股重演网路泡沫前兆!AI股独撑行情、Hartnett喊买进美债

Hartnett在最新一期《Flow Show》报告中指出,2000年3月网路泡沫见顶前半年,科技类股上涨逾40%,必需消费品类股却下跌30%,除了科技与电信以外,其余类股全数走低。

他认为,当前市场走势与当年高度相似,AI相关股票及「科技七巨头」成为推动指数上涨的主要力量。

标普500指数表面上维持高档,内部却已出现明显分歧。目前有400档成分股跌破50日移动平均线,300档跌破200日均线,显示市场涨势并未广泛扩散,反而集中在少数大型科技股。

Hartnett也建议投资人开始布局债券,并以「买入耻辱」形容这项策略。他认为,当市场普遍看好股票、看空债券时,长天期美债的极端低迷反而可能创造长期投资机会。

Hartnett以「双城记」形容当前市场的分歧:资金持续追逐那斯达克100指数中的AI题材,却对标普500等权重指数等非AI资产兴趣缺缺。

他指出,科技七巨头、AI及生技类股似乎不受高利率环境影响,「1999年类比」仍然成立。

高盛科技交易台数据也显示,尽管主要股指维持历史高位,标普500成分股的中位数股价已较高点下跌16%,市场广度更降至网路泡沫时期的低点。

随后一天,股价站在200日均线之上的个股比例进一步跌破50%。

这种少数类股领涨、其他板块普遍走弱的现象,正是Hartnett认为当前市场与2000年泡沫高峰前相似的关键依据。

AI投资热潮可比铁路泡沫,但仍有关键差异

Hartnett将AI形容为铁路时代以来规模最大的泡沫,并回顾19世纪美国两次铁路投资热潮,分析大型资本支出循环可能面临的风险。

第一次铁路泡沫在1873年告终。1861年至1872年间,铁路股价上涨三倍,美国铁路里程也从3.5万英里增加至7万英里,相关资本支出一度相当于国内生产毛额(GDP)的5%。

随着普法战争引发信贷紧缩、欧洲资金回流,金融机构Jay Cooke & Company于1873年倒闭,接下来一年约有115家铁路公司破产。

第二次泡沫则在1881年走向终结。铁路股在1877年至1881年间上涨2.5倍,市值一度占美国股市总额的63%。

铁路建设在短短四年内扩大四倍,却也造成运能过剩,货运费率持续下滑,企业营收与获利随之恶化,最终引发银行业危机及1882年至1885年的长期经济衰退。

与历史相比,当前AI投资仍有不同之处。Hartnett预估,超大规模云端业者(Hyperscalers)的资本支出到2027年将达GDP的3.5%至4%,低于铁路时代约5%的高峰;此外,半导体价格仍持续上涨,也与当年铁路货运费率每年下跌5%的情况不同。

不过,Hartnett提醒,两次铁路泡沫破裂时,都有公债殖利率下行作为支撑,而这与当前利率走高的环境并不相同。

两次危机也都伴随信用事件、流动性急速收缩及地缘政治引发的资金外流。他指出,这些风险讯号目前已可从甲骨文(ORCL-US) 信用违约交换(CDS)、澳币兑日元汇率及法国债券市场观察到。

美债殖利率升至逾20年高点,Hartnett喊进场布局

美债市场方面,10年期公债殖利率已升至5.33%,创2002年以来新高。Hartnett认为,债券市场的悲观情绪与极端部位,反而为长期投资人带来进场机会。

他坦言,若要让殖利率下跌100至200个基点,可能仍需信用事件或经济衰退等因素推动。

不过,目前资产配置者普遍加码股票、放空债券,押注美国科技股与美债殖利率在本轮行情中进一步走高,这种高度一致的市场部位本身,就可能成为债券反转的契机。

长天期美债近期表现尤其疲弱。长久期零息债券ETF(ZROZ)较2020年3月高点下跌65%,10年期滚动美债报酬率则降至负2%,创百年来最低纪录。

Hartnett指出,从历史经验来看,当股票与大宗商品的长期报酬同样低迷时,往往可能是长期投资机会浮现的时刻。

他也看好大型云端业者的投资级公司债。美国投资级科技债券指数(CITE)过去一年下跌9%,殖利率则从4.5%升至6.2%。

Hartnett认为,在AI产业获得美国政府支持的背景下,甲骨文、Meta(META-US) 及Google(GOOGL-US) 等大型企业的长期债券殖利率已接近垃圾债水准,可能逐渐吸引投资人进场。

债券资金流入升温,美银客户股票配置创新高

资金流向也显示,投资人开始增加债券部位。根据截至当周三的EPFR数据,债券基金单周吸引188亿美元资金净流入,股票基金净流入158亿美元,加密货币及黄金则分别流入9亿与7亿美元;现金因季末调整流出1,180亿美元。

其中,投资期限超过6年的长天期政府债与公司债,单周净流入74亿美元,创2025年5月以来新高;市政债券则吸引42亿美元资金,刷新2004年有纪录以来的单周最高水准。

其他市场也有资金回流迹象。欧洲股票单周净流入13亿美元,为2026年2月以来最多;中国股票吸引37亿美元,创近9周新高;科技类股与公用事业类股则分别流入33亿及10亿美元。

另一方面,美银私人银行客户的股票配置比重已升至资产管理规模的66.3%,创历史新高;现金比重则降至9.4%,同样写下历史低点。这反映投资人持股部位已相当集中。

美银列出四大市场警戒线,牛熊指标仍处卖出区间

Hartnett在报告中列出四项值得留意的市场风险门槛,分别是安硕标普全球金融指数基金(IXG-US) 跌破125美元、债券波动率指数MOVE升破125、标普中型股400指数ETF-SPDR(MDY-US) 跌破666美元,以及安硕 标普小型股600指数ETF-安硕(IJR-US) 跌破135美元。

他警告,若小型股进一步跟随银行股走弱,市场可能启动连锁去杠杆效应,届时即使政策出手支撑,也未必能阻止风险持续扩散。

美银牛熊指标本周则从9.3降至8.8,主要受到高风险债券利差扩大、高收益债券资金流出,以及全球股市广度快速恶化影响。

全球股票指数中,有净27%的成分股同时跌破50日与200日均线,为3月以来最差表现。

尽管指标已从高点回落,8.8的读数仍位于美银定义的「卖出」区间。

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          "id": 47,
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他建议布局债券,10年债殖利率5.33%创2002年高点,长天期美债资金回流",
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    "content": "<p>美国银行(BofA)证券首席投资策略师Michael Hartnett警告,当前美股市场的板块分化与市场广度,已出现与2000年网路泡沫破裂前夕相似的讯号。随着涨势愈发集中于人工智慧(AI)相关股票,其他类股表现疲弱,市场结构失衡的风险正在升高。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6621195/l/4d25b0c88a2f39c13cbeb2d1b01c7ec1.jpg\" alt=\"美银示警美股重演网路泡沫前兆!AI股独撑行情、Hartnett喊买进美债\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>Hartnett在最新一期《Flow Show》报告中指出,2000年3月网路泡沫见顶前半年,科技类股上涨逾40%,必需消费品类股却下跌30%,除了科技与电信以外,其余类股全数走低。</p>\n\n<p>他认为,当前市场走势与当年高度相似,AI相关股票及「科技七巨头」成为推动指数上涨的主要力量。</p>\n\n<p>标普500指数表面上维持高档,内部却已出现明显分歧。目前有400档成分股跌破50日移动平均线,300档跌破200日均线,显示市场涨势并未广泛扩散,反而集中在少数大型科技股。</p>\n\n<p>Hartnett也建议投资人开始布局债券,并以「买入耻辱」形容这项策略。他认为,当市场普遍看好股票、看空债券时,长天期美债的极端低迷反而可能创造长期投资机会。</p>\n\n<p>Hartnett以「双城记」形容当前市场的分歧:资金持续追逐那斯达克100指数中的AI题材,却对标普500等权重指数等非AI资产兴趣缺缺。</p>\n\n<p>他指出,科技七巨头、AI及生技类股似乎不受高利率环境影响,「1999年类比」仍然成立。</p>\n\n<p>高盛科技交易台数据也显示,尽管主要股指维持历史高位,标普500成分股的中位数股价已较高点下跌16%,市场广度更降至网路泡沫时期的低点。</p>\n\n<p>随后一天,股价站在200日均线之上的个股比例进一步跌破50%。</p>\n\n<p>这种少数类股领涨、其他板块普遍走弱的现象,正是Hartnett认为当前市场与2000年泡沫高峰前相似的关键依据。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>AI</strong><strong>投资热潮可比铁路泡沫,但仍有关键差异</strong></h6>\n\n<p>Hartnett将AI形容为铁路时代以来规模最大的泡沫,并回顾19世纪美国两次铁路投资热潮,分析大型资本支出循环可能面临的风险。</p>\n\n<p>第一次铁路泡沫在1873年告终。1861年至1872年间,铁路股价上涨三倍,美国铁路里程也从3.5万英里增加至7万英里,相关资本支出一度相当于国内生产毛额(GDP)的5%。</p>\n\n<p>随着普法战争引发信贷紧缩、欧洲资金回流,金融机构Jay Cooke & Company于1873年倒闭,接下来一年约有115家铁路公司破产。</p>\n\n<p>第二次泡沫则在1881年走向终结。铁路股在1877年至1881年间上涨2.5倍,市值一度占美国股市总额的63%。</p>\n\n<p>铁路建设在短短四年内扩大四倍,却也造成运能过剩,货运费率持续下滑,企业营收与获利随之恶化,最终引发银行业危机及1882年至1885年的长期经济衰退。</p>\n\n<p>与历史相比,当前AI投资仍有不同之处。Hartnett预估,超大规模云端业者(Hyperscalers)的资本支出到2027年将达GDP的3.5%至4%,低于铁路时代约5%的高峰;此外,半导体价格仍持续上涨,也与当年铁路货运费率每年下跌5%的情况不同。</p>\n\n<p>不过,Hartnett提醒,两次铁路泡沫破裂时,都有公债殖利率下行作为支撑,而这与当前利率走高的环境并不相同。</p>\n\n<p>两次危机也都伴随信用事件、流动性急速收缩及地缘政治引发的资金外流。他指出,这些风险讯号目前已可从甲骨文(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:ORCL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">ORCL-US</a>) 信用违约交换(CDS)、澳币兑日元汇率及法国债券市场观察到。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>美债殖利率升至逾</strong><strong>20</strong><strong>年高点,</strong><strong>Hartnett喊进场布局</strong></h6>\n\n<p>美债市场方面,10年期公债殖利率已升至5.33%,创2002年以来新高。Hartnett认为,债券市场的悲观情绪与极端部位,反而为长期投资人带来进场机会。</p>\n\n<p>他坦言,若要让殖利率下跌100至200个基点,可能仍需信用事件或经济衰退等因素推动。</p>\n\n<p>不过,目前资产配置者普遍加码股票、放空债券,押注美国科技股与美债殖利率在本轮行情中进一步走高,这种高度一致的市场部位本身,就可能成为债券反转的契机。</p>\n\n<p>长天期美债近期表现尤其疲弱。长久期零息债券ETF(ZROZ)较2020年3月高点下跌65%,10年期滚动美债报酬率则降至负2%,创百年来最低纪录。</p>\n\n<p>Hartnett指出,从历史经验来看,当股票与大宗商品的长期报酬同样低迷时,往往可能是长期投资机会浮现的时刻。</p>\n\n<p>他也看好大型云端业者的投资级公司债。美国投资级科技债券指数(CITE)过去一年下跌9%,殖利率则从4.5%升至6.2%。</p>\n\n<p>Hartnett认为,在AI产业获得美国政府支持的背景下,甲骨文、Meta(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:META:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">META-US</a>) 及Google(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:GOOGL:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">GOOGL-US</a>) 等大型企业的长期债券殖利率已接近垃圾债水准,可能逐渐吸引投资人进场。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>债券资金流入升温,美银客户股票配置创新高</strong></h6>\n\n<p>资金流向也显示,投资人开始增加债券部位。根据截至当周三的EPFR数据,债券基金单周吸引188亿美元资金净流入,股票基金净流入158亿美元,加密货币及黄金则分别流入9亿与7亿美元;现金因季末调整流出1,180亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>其中,投资期限超过6年的长天期政府债与公司债,单周净流入74亿美元,创2025年5月以来新高;市政债券则吸引42亿美元资金,刷新2004年有纪录以来的单周最高水准。</p>\n\n<p>其他市场也有资金回流迹象。欧洲股票单周净流入13亿美元,为2026年2月以来最多;中国股票吸引37亿美元,创近9周新高;科技类股与公用事业类股则分别流入33亿及10亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,美银私人银行客户的股票配置比重已升至资产管理规模的66.3%,创历史新高;现金比重则降至9.4%,同样写下历史低点。这反映投资人持股部位已相当集中。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>美银列出四大市场警戒线,牛熊指标仍处卖出区间</strong></h6>\n\n<p>Hartnett在报告中列出四项值得留意的市场风险门槛,分别是安硕标普全球金融指数基金(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:IXG:STOCK:ETF\" href=\"#\">IXG-US</a>) 跌破125美元、债券波动率指数MOVE升破125、标普中型股400指数ETF-SPDR(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:MDY:STOCK:ETF\" href=\"#\">MDY-US</a>) 跌破666美元,以及安硕 标普小型股600指数ETF-安硕(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:IJR:STOCK:ETF\" href=\"#\">IJR-US</a>) 跌破135美元。</p>\n\n<p>他警告,若小型股进一步跟随银行股走弱,市场可能启动连锁去杠杆效应,届时即使政策出手支撑,也未必能阻止风险持续扩散。</p>\n\n<p>美银牛熊指标本周则从9.3降至8.8,主要受到高风险债券利差扩大、高收益债券资金流出,以及全球股市广度快速恶化影响。</p>\n\n<p>全球股票指数中,有净27%的成分股同时跌破50日与200日均线,为3月以来最差表现。</p>\n\n<p>尽管指标已从高点回落,8.8的读数仍位于美银定义的「卖出」区间。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11092.html\" title=\"全球长钱盯上AI记忆体 淡马锡传拟直接投资三星与SK海力士\">全球长钱盯上AI记忆体 淡马锡传拟直接投资三星与SK海力士</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-18207.html\" title=\"信「5月卖股」错失行情!专家揭密:买入并持有才是美股赢家\">信「5月卖股」错失行情!专家揭密:买入并持有才是美股赢家</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-10113.html\" title=\"辉达终结连五红 财报将成下一个催化剂\">辉达终结连五红 财报将成下一个催化剂</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11061.html\" title=\"〈财报〉Cerebras上修全年财测但Q2营收失色 盘后暴跌16%\">〈财报〉Cerebras上修全年财测但Q2营收失色 盘后暴跌16%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-15516.html\" title=\"SpaceX再拿算力大单 千亿美元年营收目标更近了\">SpaceX再拿算力大单 千亿美元年营收目标更近了</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-17084.html\" title=\"为何天天穿黑皮衣 卖了还有得穿?黄仁勋揭密背后原因\">为何天天穿黑皮衣 卖了还有得穿?黄仁勋揭密背后原因</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-10-04T22:10:03.000Z",
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