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AI资本开支藏「租赁帐单」!大摩估2027年投资规模达1.58兆美元

2026-10-17 07:06:57 网络 阅读(1)

当传统资本开支口径不再完整,租赁融资正悄然重塑AI基础设施投资的全貌。据摩根士丹利Nicholas Lentini团队最新研究报告,将租赁资本开支纳入统计后,超大规模云端服务商(hyperscaler)及新兴云端服务商(neocloud)2027年AI运算投资总规模升至约1.58兆美元,较现金资本开支口径扩大约14%。这数字意味着2026年至2027年间,AI投资增量高达约7,000亿美元,增速约60%。

AI资本开支藏「租赁帐单」!大摩估2027年投资规模达1.58兆美元

摩根士丹利指出,这1.58兆美元的资本开支将直接带动标普500指数约5%的2027年营收,并贡献约25%的营收增速。更广泛来看,被摩根士丹利归类为AI核心受益者的「使能者」(Enablers)与「采用者」(Adopters)合计将驱动标普500指数78%的2027年获利成长。值得注意的是,辉达一家公司预计将独占标普500指数AI资本开支流入规模的约三分之二。

研究显示,超大规模云端服务商已披露逾1.1兆美元尚未启动的租赁承诺。由于资料中心租赁属于债务融资性质的资产购置,在现金流量表中不会列为资本开支,也不纳入管理层指引,导致市场长期低估AI实际投资规模。将租赁项目纳入后,摩根士丹利估计2026年、2027年、2028年AI总资本开支分别约为9,800亿美元、1.58兆美元及1.81兆美元,年增率分别约为100%、60%及14%。

摩根士丹利在本次报告中首次系统性引入超大规模云端服务商的租赁资本开支预测。根据其估算,2027年租赁资本开支达1,950亿美元,2028年进一步扩大至2,460亿美元。从单家公司来看,2027年甲骨文贡献最大,达572亿美元,其次依序为微软(453亿美元)、Meta(372亿美元)、亚马逊(284亿美元)及Google(266亿美元)。

此问题核心在于会计处理方式。超大规模云端服务商透过租赁方式取得资料中心,在经济实质上等同于以债务融资购置资产,但并不列入现金流量表的资本开支项目,也不纳入管理层的资本开支指引。摩根士丹利认为,这导致传统资本开支预测「越来越难以还原资本投入的全貌」。

从投资回报角度来看,摩根士丹利对这批投资持乐观态度。报告估计,新增运算容量的投资资本报酬率(ROIC)介于25%至50%之间,并评估GPU租赁(IaaS)及模型API两类业务模式:前者可实现60%至70%的边际EBIT利润率及25%至40%的ROIC;后者的增量EBIT利润率可超过70%,ROIC最高可达63%。

摩根士丹利透过由下而上的方式,将1.58兆美元资本开支追踪至约50家公司的营收,涵盖科技、通信服务、工业、能源及海外ODM等板块。按其测算,约65%的AI资本开支最终流入标普500成分股的营收,其中辉达占据流入规模的约三分之二。

在各受益板块中,AI晶片、记忆体、网路设备及ODM(原始设计制造商)获得最大市占,辉达、三星、SK hynix及美光合计拿走其中绝大部分。

晶片层面,摩根士丹利认为辉达具备最佳风险报酬比,理由是公司正处于新一代产品周期成长的早期阶段,Feynman平台有望推动每GW算力对应的营收超过500亿美元,且目前估值约为2028会计年度预估每股盈余(FY28 EPS)的15倍,具备估值扩张空间。博通亦受益于客制化晶片业务扩张,预计2028年XPU市场规模将突破1兆美元。

记忆体层面,DRAM已成为AI建设的关键瓶颈,但相关股票仅以约3倍未来12个月(NTM)本益比交易,隐含的成长溢价几乎为零。摩根士丹利判断,记忆体周期将于2026年第四季进入后期,价格涨幅趋于温和,供给增加将限制获利超出预期的空间。SK hynix与Samsung已透过长期协议(LTA)锁定大部分需求;SK hynix承诺回购并注销400亿韩元股份,Samsung则设定2026年900亿至1,100亿韩元的股东回报目标。

网路设备层面,每增加1美元的超大规模云端服务商资本开支,约对应0.25美元的网路设备营收,预计2027年网路设备总营收约为3,740亿美元。在涵盖的主要公司中,辉达(网路业务)、博通、Innolight及Arista Networks预计将位居超大规模云端相关网路设备营收前列。

设计软体层面,超大规模云端服务商持续加大客制化晶片投入,为Synopsys和Cadence带来增量机会,尤其是Synopsys新推出的应用最佳化IP(AOIP)模式,透过产品量产后的权利金,让营收与晶片出货量更直接挂钩。

资料中心建设引发的电力需求,正成为工业及电力设备商的重要成长引擎。摩根士丹利指出,AI资本开支对工业板块的传导路径,主要集中在电力供应与冷却设备。

电力设备方面,GE Vernova的燃气涡轮机订单已排满至2029年,售价从2020年代初期的每千瓦1,000美元涨至目前的每千瓦3,000美元,资料中心相关订单已占其订单储备的约三分之一。INIO与BE则分别受益于高速往复式引擎及燃料电池需求。摩根士丹利认为,上调资本开支预测将进一步延长电力设备原厂(OEM)的订单积压时间,并提升利润率。

随着资本开支持续扩张,自由现金流缺口正在扩大。摩根士丹利估计,2027年将是预测期间现金流赤字最大的一年。超大规模云端服务商今年以来已发行约2,550亿美元无担保债券,约占全年预估资本开支的30%,但10年期债券的全价收益率较2025年底上升约100至180个基点。

摩根士丹利将融资主体分为两个层次:高评级超大规模云端服务商(亚马逊、Meta、Google、微软)目前的利息保障倍数约为30.7倍,即使2027年新增发债4,000亿美元,保障倍数仍可维持在11.9倍,对融资成本基本不敏感;而低评级主体(甲骨文、SPCX)的保障倍数仅约4倍,若同期新增发债1,200亿美元,保障倍数将降至约1.8倍,面临较大的融资限制。

新兴云端服务商主要依赖专案层级融资及可转换公司债,是对融资成本最敏感的群体,通常需要借助高评级交易对手的信用支持来取得融资。

从融资结构演变来看,摩根士丹利预计2027年发债期限将偏向短期。由于晶片和伺服器产生现金流的速度较快,更适合透过资产支持融资及私募方式筹资,也能更灵活地配合合约需求。

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超大规模云端服务商已披露逾1.1兆美元租赁承诺,2027年恐成现金流赤字最大一年。",
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    "content": "<p>当传统资本开支口径不再完整,租赁融资正悄然重塑AI基础设施投资的全貌。据摩根士丹利Nicholas Lentini团队最新研究报告,将租赁资本开支纳入统计后,超大规模云端服务商(hyperscaler)及新兴云端服务商(neocloud)2027年AI运算投资总规模升至约1.58兆美元,较现金资本开支口径扩大约14%。这数字意味着2026年至2027年间,AI投资增量高达约7,000亿美元,增速约60%。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6632570/l/4a30f7e0c486107cb9f5efe5d28228b9.jpg\" alt=\"AI资本开支藏「租赁帐单」!大摩估2027年投资规模达1.58兆美元\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>摩根士丹利指出,这1.58兆美元的资本开支将直接带动标普500指数约5%的2027年营收,并贡献约25%的营收增速。更广泛来看,被摩根士丹利归类为AI核心受益者的「使能者」(Enablers)与「采用者」(Adopters)合计将驱动标普500指数78%的2027年获利成长。值得注意的是,辉达一家公司预计将独占标普500指数AI资本开支流入规模的约三分之二。</p>\n\n<p>研究显示,超大规模云端服务商已披露逾1.1兆美元尚未启动的租赁承诺。由于资料中心租赁属于债务融资性质的资产购置,在现金流量表中不会列为资本开支,也不纳入管理层指引,导致市场长期低估AI实际投资规模。将租赁项目纳入后,摩根士丹利估计2026年、2027年、2028年AI总资本开支分别约为9,800亿美元、1.58兆美元及1.81兆美元,年增率分别约为100%、60%及14%。</p>\n\n<p>摩根士丹利在本次报告中首次系统性引入超大规模云端服务商的租赁资本开支预测。根据其估算,2027年租赁资本开支达1,950亿美元,2028年进一步扩大至2,460亿美元。从单家公司来看,2027年甲骨文贡献最大,达572亿美元,其次依序为微软(453亿美元)、Meta(372亿美元)、亚马逊(284亿美元)及Google(266亿美元)。</p>\n\n<p>此问题核心在于会计处理方式。超大规模云端服务商透过租赁方式取得资料中心,在经济实质上等同于以债务融资购置资产,但并不列入现金流量表的资本开支项目,也不纳入管理层的资本开支指引。摩根士丹利认为,这导致传统资本开支预测「越来越难以还原资本投入的全貌」。</p>\n\n<p>从投资回报角度来看,摩根士丹利对这批投资持乐观态度。报告估计,新增运算容量的投资资本报酬率(ROIC)介于25%至50%之间,并评估GPU租赁(IaaS)及模型API两类业务模式:前者可实现60%至70%的边际EBIT利润率及25%至40%的ROIC;后者的增量EBIT利润率可超过70%,ROIC最高可达63%。</p>\n\n<p>摩根士丹利透过由下而上的方式,将1.58兆美元资本开支追踪至约50家公司的营收,涵盖科技、通信服务、工业、能源及海外ODM等板块。按其测算,约65%的AI资本开支最终流入标普500成分股的营收,其中辉达占据流入规模的约三分之二。</p>\n\n<p>在各受益板块中,AI晶片、记忆体、网路设备及ODM(原始设计制造商)获得最大市占,辉达、三星、SK hynix及美光合计拿走其中绝大部分。</p>\n\n<p>晶片层面,摩根士丹利认为辉达具备最佳风险报酬比,理由是公司正处于新一代产品周期成长的早期阶段,Feynman平台有望推动每GW算力对应的营收超过500亿美元,且目前估值约为2028会计年度预估每股盈余(FY28 EPS)的15倍,具备估值扩张空间。博通亦受益于客制化晶片业务扩张,预计2028年XPU市场规模将突破1兆美元。</p>\n\n<p>记忆体层面,DRAM已成为AI建设的关键瓶颈,但相关股票仅以约3倍未来12个月(NTM)本益比交易,隐含的成长溢价几乎为零。摩根士丹利判断,记忆体周期将于2026年第四季进入后期,价格涨幅趋于温和,供给增加将限制获利超出预期的空间。SK hynix与Samsung已透过长期协议(LTA)锁定大部分需求;SK hynix承诺回购并注销400亿韩元股份,Samsung则设定2026年900亿至1,100亿韩元的股东回报目标。</p>\n\n<p>网路设备层面,每增加1美元的超大规模云端服务商资本开支,约对应0.25美元的网路设备营收,预计2027年网路设备总营收约为3,740亿美元。在涵盖的主要公司中,辉达(网路业务)、博通、Innolight及Arista Networks预计将位居超大规模云端相关网路设备营收前列。</p>\n\n<p>设计软体层面,超大规模云端服务商持续加大客制化晶片投入,为Synopsys和Cadence带来增量机会,尤其是Synopsys新推出的应用最佳化IP(AOIP)模式,透过产品量产后的权利金,让营收与晶片出货量更直接挂钩。</p>\n\n<p>资料中心建设引发的电力需求,正成为工业及电力设备商的重要成长引擎。摩根士丹利指出,AI资本开支对工业板块的传导路径,主要集中在电力供应与冷却设备。</p>\n\n<p>电力设备方面,GE Vernova的燃气涡轮机订单已排满至2029年,售价从2020年代初期的每千瓦1,000美元涨至目前的每千瓦3,000美元,资料中心相关订单已占其订单储备的约三分之一。INIO与BE则分别受益于高速往复式引擎及燃料电池需求。摩根士丹利认为,上调资本开支预测将进一步延长电力设备原厂(OEM)的订单积压时间,并提升利润率。</p>\n\n<p>随着资本开支持续扩张,自由现金流缺口正在扩大。摩根士丹利估计,2027年将是预测期间现金流赤字最大的一年。超大规模云端服务商今年以来已发行约2,550亿美元无担保债券,约占全年预估资本开支的30%,但10年期债券的全价收益率较2025年底上升约100至180个基点。</p>\n\n<p>摩根士丹利将融资主体分为两个层次:高评级超大规模云端服务商(亚马逊、Meta、Google、微软)目前的利息保障倍数约为30.7倍,即使2027年新增发债4,000亿美元,保障倍数仍可维持在11.9倍,对融资成本基本不敏感;而低评级主体(甲骨文、SPCX)的保障倍数仅约4倍,若同期新增发债1,200亿美元,保障倍数将降至约1.8倍,面临较大的融资限制。</p>\n\n<p>新兴云端服务商主要依赖专案层级融资及可转换公司债,是对融资成本最敏感的群体,通常需要借助高评级交易对手的信用支持来取得融资。</p>\n\n<p>从融资结构演变来看,摩根士丹利预计2027年发债期限将偏向短期。由于晶片和伺服器产生现金流的速度较快,更适合透过资产支持融资及私募方式筹资,也能更灵活地配合合约需求。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-7745.html\" title=\"康宁股价高点回落40% 大摩看好光学产能放量成下半年反弹关键\">康宁股价高点回落40% 大摩看好光学产能放量成下半年反弹关键</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-17530.html\" title=\"AI散热需求催油门 12吋SiC发展加速 单晶、多晶、键合三路竞逐\">AI散热需求催油门 12吋SiC发展加速 单晶、多晶、键合三路竞逐</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-12785.html\" title=\"AMD涨近5% 分析师看好在资料中心CPU市场击败英特尔与辉达\">AMD涨近5% 分析师看好在资料中心CPU市场击败英特尔与辉达</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-16973.html\" title=\"Mues登顶下载榜+超微市值破兆美元!机构:CPU成Agent核心  端测AI与算力需求进入实质拉动阶段\">Mues登顶下载榜+超微市值破兆美元!机构:CPU成Agent核心  端测AI与算力需求进入实质拉动阶段</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-12261.html\" title=\"「超额报酬时代结束了」Hayes:波克夏未来10年跑不赢标普500 转押PayPal、英特尔\">「超额报酬时代结束了」Hayes:波克夏未来10年跑不赢标普500 转押PayPal、英特尔</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-7347.html\" title=\"财报好也没用?晶片股陷「利多不涨」困境、资金轮动转向美股七巨头\">财报好也没用?晶片股陷「利多不涨」困境、资金轮动转向美股七巨头</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-10-16T22:30:02.000Z",
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