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外汇新手交易员,你会选择STP平台、MM平台还是ECN平台?

2026-09-11 05:14:31 阅读(160)

小白进场,最近刚接触平台的一些模式,百度了这些平台模式的特点,感觉还是理不太清楚……

STP(正经平台):通过银行的报价,直接将客户的单子抛给银行,点差是浮动的,流通式报价。客户有需要可以提供银行交割单。

MM(对赌平台):也就是人们常说的做市商,市场内有交易员,可以看到客户单子,客户在发单时,交易员可以选择是否抛向市场(客户是不知道的)。交易员通常会把盈利性强的单子抛向市场,一些可能会亏损的单子留在自己市场,挣客户亏损的钱。

ECN:其实这是属于STP平台里的,也是银行报价,只不过这个模式比STP更“高端”一点,不必经过平台,可以直接接受银行的报价,点差极低。但是这个模式门槛也高,至少要几万美金的入金才能做。

有没有热心的汇友帮忙详细解答一下这三者究竟有何区别,适合什么样的人?你们都是选择的哪种?跪求分析~

外汇交易大神1回答:

我认为了解这些平台有何不同,其实就是了解交易原理的一个过程。汇市交易,不像期货,也不像现货,非常类似差价合约交易,却又不是差价合约交易。汇市交易没有统一而固定的中心式交易所,传统的汇市交易是通过国家之间的对外贸易实现的。后来因为国际汇兑的巨大需求而出现了专门经营汇市兑换、买卖的“汇兑银行”,同时还有一些非银行的金融类公司也会从事外汇买卖业务。他们服务的对象主要是需要进行跨国贸易的团体或个人,而非汇市炒家。与此同时,也出现了“汇市零售市场”,就是面对小额度客户的交易市场,一般都是为个人或者很小的外贸公司服务,交易金额没有下限,随时可以兑换,但是手续费比较高。

对于汇市炒家来说,就必须也只能从这些手段来参与汇市交易。比如当年软妹币对美刀汇率接近六元的高位,把软妹币全都换成美金,放到现在也有百分之十几的收益了。但是你直接去银行换汇的话,一是有金额限制,而是手续费贼高,一来二去这种炒汇收益极其有限。真正的外汇现货交易能挣钱的时候,也只有上世纪八九十年代的各大城市的胡同里那种背着一书包人民币到处跟人换美金的黑市了。所以这就给专门的炒家型外汇交易商提供的生存空间。

最初的汇市交易商本身也是炒家,他们瞅准机会,从卖家那里大量购进某种汇,再卖给其他买家,以赚取差价。由于他们购买的金额很大,手续费就很低,卖出的时候又可以打散零售,手续费很高,再加上早年间全球化程度低,汇率的地区性差异很大,他们这种二道贩子非常赚钱。由于我普通炒家的交易量及其微小,直接通过银行买卖不可能会有盈利,只能通过零售型的交易商参与到市场里来。

所以,交易所谓的市场就是“汇兑银行”,他们拥有直接的货币“定价权”,卖多少钱、买多少钱,手续费多少,他们说了算。所谓STP平台,就是直接对接“汇兑银行”的平台,虽然是很“正规”,但是非常不利于普通玩家的交易,因为STP平台一般只有固定的合作银行,能够提供的流动性堪忧,尤其是价格激烈波动的时候,动不动就不给你玩了。所谓ECN平台,就是电子通讯网络平台,实际上就是把所有的其他包括个人和机构在内的交易者统统用互联网整合起来,平台只起到撮合成交的功用,好处是流动性强,手续费低,但是行情激烈的时候点差变化起来也是挺吓人的,需要指出的是,ECN平台也有微型账户,并非必须要几万美金才能搞。所谓MM平台,就是市商,前面说的传统型,他们大笔买来交易单子,再分发给其他反向交易者,行情平稳的时候,他们基本可以保持平衡,当行情激烈或者单边明显的时候,他们很难找到反向单子,于是资力雄厚的就会跟客户对赌,资力薄弱的就动不动跑路了。

其实说到对赌,并非像题主所想象的那样,把客户单子分为盈利和亏损两种,而是平台基于大数据考量,绝大多数交易者的选择都是错误的,他们首先是要把多空客户平衡掉,剩下的那部分才是他们做对赌的。因为大多数人都不会盈利,即使有少量盈利的,平台也可以兑现给他们,大多数止损或者爆仓了的损失,就成了平台的利润,而跑路的平台,就是对赌失败了的。实际上,你参与到交易中来,就是跟人对赌。你去银行换汇,就是跟银行对赌,你接手平台的分销,就是跟平台对赌,你与其他交易者交易,就是跟其他交易者对赌,因为必须要有人看空的同时有人看多才能促成交易,大机构靠大数据来盈利,交易个人靠技术来盈利。对赌并不可怕,可怕的是非正规平台的非正规手段,比如恶意滑点、限制成交、引导你重仓或者频繁交易、假数据坑人、直接关网站跑路等等,这些才是交易员需要擦亮眼睛的。

外汇交易大神2回答:

我很少说关于平台的问题,因为我觉得只要不是黑平台,大多数人都有在用,那就可以了,可能唯一关心的就是在交易成本这块,能低点还是低点就好。

题主已经将三类平台解释的很清楚了,百度百科上也是这么说的,非要回答这个问题我就说说AB BOOK吧。

一般来说一个平台商都有强大的风控人员,这些风控人员主要干什么呢,一是保证公司平台的安全性,尽量让少的客户发生穿仓状态,就是在适当风险时候降低杆杆,另一个任务就是如何让公司利润最大化。

A book简单来说就是讲你下的单子抛给市场,经济商只赚其中的点差费或者手续费,这样做的优点是平台商的获利稳定,只要交易员交易,他就有的赚,但是缺点是无法爆赚,因为我们都知道,大多数交易员都是亏损的,这部分资金量是很大的,如果亏给了平台商,那么平台商的利润就要多很多。所以B book应运而生,这类是平台商与客户对赌,客户赚钱是经济商的,赔钱也是赔给经济商。由于大部分客户都是亏损的,所以经济商拿这部分利润会比较丰厚。

究竟a好还是b好,大多数人对a都是好感的,对b的印象很差,总是觉得b这种黑了他们的钱,其实不是这样的,是各有好处的。

a这种虽然单子抛向市场,虽然交易员感觉是安全可靠的,但是实际交易环境会差一些,因为市场流动性时好时坏,单子在市场里会经常有滑点或者成交速度慢的坏处,对于短线交易者的交易体验非常差。而b这种,由于是平台对赌,成交很快,并且几乎没什么滑点,交易体验很好,但是前提得是对赌的平台实力强大,就是说你赚的钱他赔的起,如果不赔,那黑平台无疑了,如果可以的话,b类也是不错的选择。

现在大多平台商都是ab类共同经营的,但是作为平台商如何分辨你是不是赚钱的交易员呢?这就是风控人员的工作了,他们会先将所有交易员放在b类,考察一段时间,如果发现有赚钱能力很强的人,在把他们放到a类,这样就可以即能吃掉没有盈利能力的交易员,又可以拿着稳定盈利交易员的手续费。所以有时我们会发现,自己本来交易是很流畅的,但是盈利了一段时间,变得“卡盘”了,那么很有可能你就是被抛到了a book,恭喜你,你的交易能力被得到了认可。

作为交易员,我觉得无论a还是b,都不是决定你能不能收益的事,有人总觉得赔给市场服气,赔给经济商就是被黑,这种心态明显是自己交易能力差在找客观原因,盈利还是要靠自己,创建交易系统,制定交易规则,才是交易员的工作。

外汇交易大神3回答:

做外汇,选择平台是第一步,第二部就是选择不同的账户类型。

外汇平台的优劣,牵涉到你的资金安全问题,而不同的账户类型,方便根据你的策略进行调整。其中外汇交易商提供的账户类型分为三种:STP、MM和ECN三种类型。

1:STP模式

通过直通式处理系统 (straight through processing system - STP),让客户的下单发送到银行,按银行的价位接近即时交易。交易量偏高期间可能出现单子悬空,表示单子已经执行但仍然留在挂单窗口。一般来说,这样的单子已经执行,只是还需要一点时间等待银行确认。交易频繁期间,可能出现多项下单需要等待处理。等候的单子增加有时会影响银行延迟确认部分单子,视乎单子的种类,情况可能不同。

2:MM模式

MM是一种做市商模式。这种模式在目前的小外汇平台中十分普遍。它是根据市场变化提供客户执行价格,客户的订单并没有进入市场,而是直接和做市商对赌。MM模式下做市商的利润主要来自客户的亏损,客户和平台之间有着直接的利益冲突。从某种角度来说,MM的平台本身就是交易商,不能算严格意义上的经纪商,他本身参与交易,甚至为了利益可以采取一些手段和客户对赌。

3:ECN模式

ECN模式下客户的订单是可以与市场上其他参与者的订单交互的。ECN交易商的利润来自点差和手续费。通常ECN以较低的点差加上一定的手续费。有很多平台号称自己是ECN,其实它所提供的交易服务系统都是STP模式,真正的ECN模式很少。

三种模式的区别:

1:点差的区别

一般 STP 模式的点差都是浮动点差,也就是说国际市场的自然点差,都是客户拿到的比较好的报价,点差也是比较低的。MM 模式(市商):点差基本都是固定的,而且会把固定点差设置在自然点差浮动的上限,因为做市商与客户存在对赌的关系,也就是说客户亏钱,交易商赚钱。客户赚钱,就是赚的交易商的钱。因此 MM 模式和 STP 模式在点差和成本方面也是一个区别。如果一个平台的点差是固定点差,那么基本可以确定百分之 80 以上是 MM 模式。

2:订单的区别:

STP 模式的订单 (市价成交)

MM 模式的订单 (即时成交)

3:交易限制的区别:

很多做市商的平台,特别一些香港平台为了扩大自己的利益,会给很多交易者设置很多不利的一面,比如下单以后需要多少时间才能平仓,非农数据的时候挂单限制多少点位,止损和止盈的时候必须限制多少点位, MM 模式可能在平仓的时候连续报价不给好的点位平仓

4:平台隔夜费的区别

单子隔夜是否固定就可以看出是真的 STP 模式还是 MM 模式了,因为真正的 STP 平台,单子的隔夜利息他是不固定的,因为各国的利率会市场变化,而且 真正的STP平台 ,隔夜利息可能是正的。还可能给交易者隔夜利息。

以上是三种模式的定义和区别,可以根据它们之间的不同特征,选择适合自己的交易模式。

我个人如果是用来跑EA的话,会选择ECN模式,如果手动操作的话,STP和ECN都可以选择,MM是不碰的。

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          "id": 71,
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      "name": "外汇开户",
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              "pid": 34,
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          "id": 35,
          "pid": 10,
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              "id": 50,
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    "content": "<p>小白进场,最近刚接触平台的一些模式,百度了这些平台模式的特点,感觉还是理不太清楚……</p>\n<p>STP(正经平台):通过银行的报价,直接将客户的单子抛给银行,点差是浮动的,流通式报价。客户有需要可以提供银行交割单。</p>\n<p>MM(对赌平台):也就是人们常说的做市商,市场内有交易员,可以看到客户单子,客户在发单时,交易员可以选择是否抛向市场(客户是不知道的)。交易员通常会把盈利性强的单子抛向市场,一些可能会亏损的单子留在自己市场,挣客户亏损的钱。</p>\n<p>ECN:其实这是属于STP平台里的,也是银行报价,只不过这个模式比STP更“高端”一点,不必经过平台,可以直接接受银行的报价,点差极低。但是这个模式门槛也高,至少要几万美金的入金才能做。</p>\n<p>有没有热心的汇友帮忙详细解答一下这三者究竟有何区别,适合什么样的人?你们都是选择的哪种?跪求分析~<br><br><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/1032b75bfb003fcce816c000280fd032.jpg\" style=\"width: 600px; height: 360px;\"></p>\n<h3>外汇交易大神1回答:</h3>\n<p>我认为了解这些平台有何不同,其实就是了解交易原理的一个过程。汇市交易,不像期货,也不像现货,非常类似差价合约交易,却又不是差价合约交易。汇市交易没有统一而固定的中心式交易所,传统的汇市交易是通过国家之间的对外贸易实现的。后来因为国际汇兑的巨大需求而出现了专门经营汇市兑换、买卖的“汇兑银行”,同时还有一些非银行的金融类公司也会从事外汇买卖业务。他们服务的对象主要是需要进行跨国贸易的团体或个人,而非汇市炒家。与此同时,也出现了“汇市零售市场”,就是面对小额度客户的交易市场,一般都是为个人或者很小的外贸公司服务,交易金额没有下限,随时可以兑换,但是手续费比较高。</p>\n<p>对于汇市炒家来说,就必须也只能从这些手段来参与汇市交易。比如当年软妹币对美刀汇率接近六元的高位,把软妹币全都换成美金,放到现在也有百分之十几的收益了。但是你直接去银行换汇的话,一是有金额限制,而是手续费贼高,一来二去这种炒汇收益极其有限。真正的外汇现货交易能挣钱的时候,也只有上世纪八九十年代的各大城市的胡同里那种背着一书包人民币到处跟人换美金的黑市了。所以这就给专门的炒家型<a href=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/dealer/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"infotextkey\">外汇交易商</a>提供的生存空间。</p>\n<p>最初的汇市交易商本身也是炒家,他们瞅准机会,从卖家那里大量购进某种汇,再卖给其他买家,以赚取差价。由于他们购买的金额很大,手续费就很低,卖出的时候又可以打散零售,手续费很高,再加上早年间全球化程度低,汇率的地区性差异很大,他们这种二道贩子非常赚钱。由于我普通炒家的交易量及其微小,直接通过银行买卖不可能会有盈利,只能通过零售型的交易商参与到市场里来。</p>\n<p>所以,交易所谓的市场就是“汇兑银行”,他们拥有直接的货币“定价权”,卖多少钱、买多少钱,手续费多少,他们说了算。所谓STP平台,就是直接对接“汇兑银行”的平台,虽然是很“正规”,但是非常不利于普通玩家的交易,因为STP平台一般只有固定的合作银行,能够提供的流动性堪忧,尤其是价格激烈波动的时候,动不动就不给你玩了。所谓ECN平台,就是电子通讯网络平台,实际上就是把所有的其他包括个人和机构在内的交易者统统用互联网整合起来,平台只起到撮合成交的功用,好处是流动性强,手续费低,但是行情激烈的时候点差变化起来也是挺吓人的,需要指出的是,ECN平台也有微型账户,并非必须要几万美金才能搞。所谓MM平台,就是市商,前面说的传统型,他们大笔买来交易单子,再分发给其他反向交易者,行情平稳的时候,他们基本可以保持平衡,当行情激烈或者单边明显的时候,他们很难找到反向单子,于是资力雄厚的就会跟客户对赌,资力薄弱的就动不动跑路了。</p>\n<p>其实说到对赌,并非像题主所想象的那样,把客户单子分为盈利和亏损两种,而是平台基于大数据考量,绝大多数交易者的选择都是错误的,他们首先是要把多空客户平衡掉,剩下的那部分才是他们做对赌的。因为大多数人都不会盈利,即使有少量盈利的,平台也可以兑现给他们,大多数止损或者爆仓了的损失,就成了平台的利润,而跑路的平台,就是对赌失败了的。实际上,你参与到交易中来,就是跟人对赌。你去银行换汇,就是跟银行对赌,你接手平台的分销,就是跟平台对赌,你与其他交易者交易,就是跟其他交易者对赌,因为必须要有人看空的同时有人看多才能促成交易,大机构靠大数据来盈利,交易个人靠技术来盈利。对赌并不可怕,可怕的是非正规平台的非正规手段,比如恶意滑点、限制成交、引导你重仓或者频繁交易、假数据坑人、直接关网站跑路等等,这些才是交易员需要擦亮眼睛的。<br><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/15fe91b6e3b3cd3e7e839585dda3cac9.jpg\" style=\"width: 650px; height: 390px;\"></p>\n<h3>外汇交易大神2回答:</h3>\n<p>我很少说关于平台的问题,因为我觉得只要不是黑平台,大多数人都有在用,那就可以了,可能唯一关心的就是在交易成本这块,能低点还是低点就好。</p>\n<p>题主已经将三类平台解释的很清楚了,百度百科上也是这么说的,非要回答这个问题我就说说AB BOOK吧。</p>\n<p>一般来说一个平台商都有强大的风控人员,这些风控人员主要干什么呢,一是保证公司平台的安全性,尽量让少的客户发生穿仓状态,就是在适当风险时候降低杆杆,另一个任务就是如何让公司利润最大化。</p>\n<p>A book简单来说就是讲你下的单子抛给市场,经济商只赚其中的点差费或者手续费,这样做的优点是平台商的获利稳定,只要交易员交易,他就有的赚,但是缺点是无法爆赚,因为我们都知道,大多数交易员都是亏损的,这部分资金量是很大的,如果亏给了平台商,那么平台商的利润就要多很多。所以B book应运而生,这类是平台商与客户对赌,客户赚钱是经济商的,赔钱也是赔给经济商。由于大部分客户都是亏损的,所以经济商拿这部分利润会比较丰厚。</p>\n<p>究竟a好还是b好,大多数人对a都是好感的,对b的印象很差,总是觉得b这种黑了他们的钱,其实不是这样的,是各有好处的。</p>\n<p>a这种虽然单子抛向市场,虽然交易员感觉是安全可靠的,但是实际交易环境会差一些,因为市场流动性时好时坏,单子在市场里会经常有滑点或者成交速度慢的坏处,对于短线交易者的交易体验非常差。而b这种,由于是平台对赌,成交很快,并且几乎没什么滑点,交易体验很好,但是前提得是对赌的平台实力强大,就是说你赚的钱他赔的起,如果不赔,那黑平台无疑了,如果可以的话,b类也是不错的选择。</p>\n<p>现在大多平台商都是ab类共同经营的,但是作为平台商如何分辨你是不是赚钱的交易员呢?这就是风控人员的工作了,他们会先将所有交易员放在b类,考察一段时间,如果发现有赚钱能力很强的人,在把他们放到a类,这样就可以即能吃掉没有盈利能力的交易员,又可以拿着稳定盈利交易员的手续费。所以有时我们会发现,自己本来交易是很流畅的,但是盈利了一段时间,变得“卡盘”了,那么很有可能你就是被抛到了a book,恭喜你,你的交易能力被得到了认可。</p>\n<p>作为交易员,我觉得无论a还是b,都不是决定你能不能收益的事,有人总觉得赔给市场服气,赔给经济商就是被黑,这种心态明显是自己交易能力差在找客观原因,盈利还是要靠自己,创建交易系统,制定交易规则,才是交易员的工作。<br><br><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/0af8f5955696d42f2004a0c176694fa1.jpg\" style=\"width: 600px; height: 360px;\"></p>\n<h3>外汇交易大神3回答:</h3>\n<p>做外汇,选择平台是第一步,第二部就是选择不同的账户类型。</p>\n<p>外汇平台的优劣,牵涉到你的资金安全问题,而不同的账户类型,方便根据你的策略进行调整。其中外汇交易商提供的账户类型分为三种:STP、MM和ECN三种类型。</p>\n<p>1:STP模式   </p>\n<p>通过直通式处理系统 (straight through processing system - STP),让客户的下单发送到银行,按银行的价位接近即时交易。交易量偏高期间可能出现单子悬空,表示单子已经执行但仍然留在挂单窗口。一般来说,这样的单子已经执行,只是还需要一点时间等待银行确认。交易频繁期间,可能出现多项下单需要等待处理。等候的单子增加有时会影响银行延迟确认部分单子,视乎单子的种类,情况可能不同。 </p>\n<p>2:MM模式</p>\n<p>MM是一种做市商模式。这种模式在目前的小外汇平台中十分普遍。它是根据市场变化提供客户执行价格,客户的订单并没有进入市场,而是直接和做市商对赌。MM模式下做市商的利润主要来自客户的亏损,客户和平台之间有着直接的利益冲突。从某种角度来说,MM的平台本身就是交易商,不能算严格意义上的经纪商,他本身参与交易,甚至为了利益可以采取一些手段和客户对赌。</p>\n<p>3:ECN模式</p>\n<p>ECN模式下客户的订单是可以与市场上其他参与者的订单交互的。ECN交易商的利润来自点差和手续费。通常ECN以较低的点差加上一定的手续费。有很多平台号称自己是ECN,其实它所提供的交易服务系统都是STP模式,真正的ECN模式很少。</p>\n<p>三种模式的区别:</p>\n<p>1:点差的区别</p>\n<p>一般 STP 模式的点差都是浮动点差,也就是说国际市场的自然点差,都是客户拿到的比较好的报价,点差也是比较低的。MM 模式(市商):点差基本都是固定的,而且会把固定点差设置在自然点差浮动的上限,因为做市商与客户存在对赌的关系,也就是说客户亏钱,交易商赚钱。客户赚钱,就是赚的交易商的钱。因此 MM 模式和 STP 模式在点差和成本方面也是一个区别。如果一个平台的点差是固定点差,那么基本可以确定百分之 80 以上是 MM 模式。</p>\n<p>2:订单的区别:</p>\n<p>STP 模式的订单 (市价成交)</p>\n<p>MM 模式的订单 (即时成交)</p>\n<p>3:交易限制的区别:</p>\n<p>很多做市商的平台,特别一些香港平台为了扩大自己的利益,会给很多交易者设置很多不利的一面,比如下单以后需要多少时间才能平仓,非农数据的时候挂单限制多少点位,止损和止盈的时候必须限制多少点位, MM 模式可能在平仓的时候连续报价不给好的点位平仓</p>\n<p>4:平台隔夜费的区别</p>\n<p>单子隔夜是否固定就可以看出是真的 STP 模式还是 MM 模式了,因为真正的 STP 平台,单子的隔夜利息他是不固定的,因为各国的利率会市场变化,而且 真正的STP平台 ,隔夜利息可能是正的。还可能给交易者隔夜利息。</p>\n<p>以上是三种模式的定义和区别,可以根据它们之间的不同特征,选择适合自己的交易模式。</p>\n<p>我个人如果是用来跑EA的话,会选择ECN模式,如果手动操作的话,STP和ECN都可以选择,MM是不碰的。</p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/whrm/article-1337.html\" title=\"从外汇交易新手到小有成就,走了15年弯路写下的心得!\">从外汇交易新手到小有成就,走了15年弯路写下的心得!</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/whrm/article-1323.html\" title=\"这3种简单交易系统,很适合外汇入门新手\">这3种简单交易系统,很适合外汇入门新手</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/whrm/article-1343.html\" title=\"外汇新手入门必须了解的知识,拒绝再被外汇黑平台牵着鼻子走!\">外汇新手入门必须了解的知识,拒绝再被外汇黑平台牵着鼻子走!</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/whrm/article-1332.html\" title=\"外汇投资入门与技巧有哪些?\">外汇投资入门与技巧有哪些?</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/whrm/article-1357.html\" title=\"不懂k线、不会指标的外汇新手小白,学会这招也能轻松盈利!\">不懂k线、不会指标的外汇新手小白,学会这招也能轻松盈利!</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/whrm/article-1331.html\" title=\"外汇新手入门需要掌握哪些知识点?\">外汇新手入门需要掌握哪些知识点?</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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