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英特尔前执行长坐镇!美AI新创公司想分食艾司摩尔独占已久的光刻机蛋糕

2026-09-18 18:46:42 网络 阅读(74)

美国半导体新创公司 xLight 正试图撼动荷兰艾司摩尔 (ASML-US)在极紫外光刻 (EUV) 光源领域的垄断地位。这家 2021 年成立于加州的新创企业,计划以粒子加速器驱动的自由电子雷射 (FEL) 取代艾司摩尔现行 EUV 微影机中所采用的雷射等离子体 (LPP) 锡滴光源,并订下 2028 年前造出可接入量产环境原型机的目标。

英特尔前执行长坐镇!美AI新创公司想分食艾司摩尔独占已久的光刻机蛋糕

去年 3 月,英特尔前执行长基辛格正式出任 xLight 执行董事长,为这家技术导向型公司增添重量级产业背书。

今年 6 月,xLight 先是取得美国商务部依据《晶片与科学法案》提供的 1.5 亿美元股权投资,随即便传出正与投资人洽谈新一轮 3.5 亿美元融资、并拟邀艾司摩尔、台积电、英特尔及美光等链核心厂商跟随产业的消息。

美国商务部这笔 1.5 亿美元股权投资也使联邦政府直接成为 xLight 最大股东之一,与华盛顿推动半导体供应链「去单点故障化」的战略相呼应。目前,艾司摩尔的 EUV 设备垄断被视为全球晶片供应链的单点风险。

若本轮融资成功落地,xLight 累积筹资将达约 5.5 亿美元,成为成立以来规模最大的一次募款。

目前全球唯一能制造 EUV 微影设备的厂商是艾司摩尔,市占率约 94%。

EUV 微影机三大核心子系统为光源、光学系统与双工作台,其中光源系统约占整机物料成本的 15%。艾司摩尔现行方案采用 LPP 技术-以高功率二氧化碳雷射以每秒五万次频率轰击下落的锡液滴,将其加热至约 50 万摄氏度激发出 13.5 奈米波长的极紫外光。

但上述路线存在明显瓶颈:电光转换效率仅千分之几,锡滴溅射造成的镜片污染也限制功率提升,艾司摩尔耗费数十亿美元才将量产光源功率推至 600 瓦,对应每小时约 220 片晶圆的 throughput,继续向上爬升难度极大。

xLight 提出的替代方案则是建立在能量回收直线加速器 (ERL) 基础上的自由电子雷射。电子束被加速至接近光速后通过波荡器磁铁阵列,做正弦运动辐射出高度准直的相干光,波长可在太赫兹至硬 X 射线范围连续调谐。

xLight 锁定 2 至 7 奈米波长的「Blue-X」波段 (超越 EUV),理论平均输出功率可达约 5 千瓦,为现有 LPP 系统功率的四倍以上,光谱频宽更窄、亮度更高,且无需消耗锡或氢气等耗材。

更重要的是,FEL 是集中式光源,而一台 FEL 装置理论上可同时为多达 10 几台乃至 20 台光刻扫描器供光,使晶圆厂的光刻车间从「一机一带光源」变为「光源中心加扫描器集群」的解耦架构。

xLight 宣称,在美国现有晶圆厂部署 FEL 光源可将生产效率提高 50%,新建厂则可翻倍。xLight 并不打算制造整台光刻机,其定位是艾司摩尔的二级供应商。以 FEL 光源模组取代艾司摩尔现用的 Cymer LPP 光源系统。

专家指出,这种「寄生式创新」策略让公司可聚焦光源研发、绕开整机光学与精密机械壁垒,但也使其命运与 ASML 的接纳程度深度绑定。

艾司摩尔执行长 Christophe Fouquet 公开承认双方有技术演示合作,但强调这是一段漫长的旅程。

艾司摩尔本身仍押注 LPP 路线,2026 年初宣布在实验室展示 1000 瓦 EUV 光源,目标 2030 年单台设备产能提升至每小时 330 片晶圆。

xLight 的底气来自其深厚的人才与国家实验室资源。创办人兼执行长 Nicholas Kelez 在美国能源部国家实验室工作约 20 年,担任史丹佛直线加速器相干光源 (LCLS) 专案总工程师;技术顾问团队包含曾在艾司摩尔任职 14 年的吉姆威利及英特尔前高级副总裁詹桑贾伊纳塔拉。

xLight 还跟康乃尔大学、洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室、费米实验室建有深度合作,后年计划在纽约州奥尔巴尼奈米科技综合体启动原型机与艾司摩尔 EUV 设备的联调验证。

当然,FEL-EUV 在工程化上仍属几乎完全空白的领域。工业级稳定千瓦输出需配套高性能光阴极注入器、超导射频加速器及能量回收系统,装置体积、辐射屏蔽与兆瓦级电力需求也对晶圆厂基建提出新要求。

即便原型机成功,要在艾司摩尔已将机器与光源深度耦合的架构中实现即插即用集成,挑战不亚于技术本身。

放眼全球,旧金山新创公司 Substrate 尝试更激进的 X 射线光刻加代工模式,中国多个团队则在攻关 LPP 逆向研发及雷射诱导放电等离子 (LDP) 等路径,各方均瞄准 2028 至 2030 年的时间窗口,此一时机恰逢 AI 晶片需求高峰与艾司摩尔 High-NA EUV EUV 量产坡的交汇量。

对于所有挑战艾司摩尔核心环节的尝试,技术可行只是第一步,产业生态的认可才是真正的关口,xLight 走出了一条聚焦且聪明的差异化路线,不碰整机、专攻光源、借美国政府战略资金与国家实验室体系筑墙。

如果 xLight 能如期在 2028 年证明 FEL 光源可兼容艾司摩尔设备,并显著提升功率与效率,EUV 光刻机最昂贵的核心部件将首次出现第二家美国供应商。若失败,则再次印证颠覆硬体比软体艰难十倍的老道理。

在半导体光刻这个最敏感也最封闭的产业节点上,xLight 的这场豪赌已被华府和矽谷同时押上了注。

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    "content": "<p>美国半导体新创公司 xLight 正试图撼动荷兰艾司摩尔 (<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:ASML:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">ASML-US</a>)在极紫外光刻 (EUV) 光源领域的垄断地位。这家 2021 年成立于加州的新创企业,计划以粒子加速器驱动的自由电子雷射 (FEL) 取代艾司摩尔现行 EUV 微影机中所采用的雷射等离子体 (LPP) 锡滴光源,并订下 2028 年前造出可接入量产环境原型机的目标。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6506944/l/550d21f32e674137470707adc8a5254e.jpg\" alt=\"英特尔前执行长坐镇!美AI新创公司想分食艾司摩尔独占已久的光刻机蛋糕\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>去年 3 月,英特尔前执行长基辛格正式出任 xLight 执行董事长,为这家技术导向型公司增添重量级产业背书。</p>\n\n<p>今年 6 月,xLight 先是取得美国商务部依据《晶片与科学法案》提供的 1.5 亿美元股权投资,随即便传出正与投资人洽谈新一轮 3.5 亿美元融资、并拟邀艾司摩尔、台积电、英特尔及美光等链核心厂商跟随产业的消息。</p>\n\n<p>美国商务部这笔 1.5 亿美元股权投资也使联邦政府直接成为 xLight 最大股东之一,与华盛顿推动半导体供应链「去单点故障化」的战略相呼应。目前,艾司摩尔的 EUV 设备垄断被视为全球晶片供应链的单点风险。</p>\n\n<p>若本轮融资成功落地,xLight 累积筹资将达约 5.5 亿美元,成为成立以来规模最大的一次募款。</p>\n\n<p>目前全球唯一能制造 EUV 微影设备的厂商是艾司摩尔,市占率约 94%。</p>\n\n<p>EUV 微影机三大核心子系统为光源、光学系统与双工作台,其中光源系统约占整机物料成本的 15%。艾司摩尔现行方案采用 LPP 技术-以高功率二氧化碳雷射以每秒五万次频率轰击下落的锡液滴,将其加热至约 50 万摄氏度激发出 13.5 奈米波长的极紫外光。</p>\n\n<p>但上述路线存在明显瓶颈:电光转换效率仅千分之几,锡滴溅射造成的镜片污染也限制功率提升,艾司摩尔耗费数十亿美元才将量产光源功率推至 600 瓦,对应每小时约 220 片晶圆的 throughput,继续向上爬升难度极大。</p>\n\n<p>xLight 提出的替代方案则是建立在能量回收直线加速器 (ERL) 基础上的自由电子雷射。电子束被加速至接近光速后通过波荡器磁铁阵列,做正弦运动辐射出高度准直的相干光,波长可在太赫兹至硬 X 射线范围连续调谐。</p>\n\n<p>xLight 锁定 2 至 7 奈米波长的「Blue-X」波段 (超越 EUV),理论平均输出功率可达约 5 千瓦,为现有 LPP 系统功率的四倍以上,光谱频宽更窄、亮度更高,且无需消耗锡或氢气等耗材。</p>\n\n<p>更重要的是,FEL 是集中式光源,而一台 FEL 装置理论上可同时为多达 10 几台乃至 20 台光刻扫描器供光,使晶圆厂的光刻车间从「一机一带光源」变为「光源中心加扫描器集群」的解耦架构。</p>\n\n<p>xLight 宣称,在美国现有晶圆厂部署 FEL 光源可将生产效率提高 50%,新建厂则可翻倍。xLight 并不打算制造整台光刻机,其定位是艾司摩尔的二级供应商。以 FEL 光源模组取代艾司摩尔现用的 Cymer LPP 光源系统。</p>\n\n<p>专家指出,这种「寄生式创新」策略让公司可聚焦光源研发、绕开整机光学与精密机械壁垒,但也使其命运与 ASML 的接纳程度深度绑定。</p>\n\n<p>艾司摩尔执行长 Christophe Fouquet 公开承认双方有技术演示合作,但强调这是一段漫长的旅程。</p>\n\n<p>艾司摩尔本身仍押注 LPP 路线,2026 年初宣布在实验室展示 1000 瓦 EUV 光源,目标 2030 年单台设备产能提升至每小时 330 片晶圆。</p>\n\n<p>xLight 的底气来自其深厚的人才与国家实验室资源。创办人兼执行长 Nicholas Kelez 在美国能源部国家实验室工作约 20 年,担任史丹佛直线加速器相干光源 (LCLS) 专案总工程师;技术顾问团队包含曾在艾司摩尔任职 14 年的吉姆威利及英特尔前高级副总裁詹桑贾伊纳塔拉。</p>\n\n<p>xLight 还跟康乃尔大学、洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室、费米实验室建有深度合作,后年计划在纽约州奥尔巴尼奈米科技综合体启动原型机与艾司摩尔 EUV 设备的联调验证。</p>\n\n<p>当然,FEL-EUV 在工程化上仍属几乎完全空白的领域。工业级稳定千瓦输出需配套高性能光阴极注入器、超导射频加速器及能量回收系统,装置体积、辐射屏蔽与兆瓦级电力需求也对晶圆厂基建提出新要求。</p>\n\n<p>即便原型机成功,要在艾司摩尔已将机器与光源深度耦合的架构中实现即插即用集成,挑战不亚于技术本身。</p>\n\n<p>放眼全球,旧金山新创公司 Substrate 尝试更激进的 X 射线光刻加代工模式,中国多个团队则在攻关 LPP 逆向研发及雷射诱导放电等离子 (LDP) 等路径,各方均瞄准 2028 至 2030 年的时间窗口,此一时机恰逢 AI 晶片需求高峰与艾司摩尔 High-NA EUV EUV 量产坡的交汇量。</p>\n\n<p>对于所有挑战艾司摩尔核心环节的尝试,技术可行只是第一步,产业生态的认可才是真正的关口,xLight 走出了一条聚焦且聪明的差异化路线,不碰整机、专攻光源、借美国政府战略资金与国家实验室体系筑墙。</p>\n\n<p>如果 xLight 能如期在 2028 年证明 FEL 光源可兼容艾司摩尔设备,并显著提升功率与效率,EUV 光刻机最昂贵的核心部件将首次出现第二家美国供应商。若失败,则再次印证颠覆硬体比软体艰难十倍的老道理。</p>\n\n<p>在半导体光刻这个最敏感也最封闭的产业节点上,xLight 的这场豪赌已被华府和矽谷同时押上了注。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-236.html\" title=\"AI产能跟不上需求!希捷CEO示警建新厂缓不济急 记忆体族群惨遭血洗\">AI产能跟不上需求!希捷CEO示警建新厂缓不济急 记忆体族群惨遭血洗</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8575.html\" title=\"美国首批GB300 AI晶片诞生 台积电美国厂跨入量产时代\">美国首批GB300 AI晶片诞生 台积电美国厂跨入量产时代</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-34.html\" title=\"波音10年最大中国订单要来了?川普称习近平同意采购200架\">波音10年最大中国订单要来了?川普称习近平同意采购200架</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3625.html\" title=\"贝森特喊今年GDP成长率上看3% 看好美国经济重拾动能\">贝森特喊今年GDP成长率上看3% 看好美国经济重拾动能</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4567.html\" title=\"《大卖空》贝瑞看空AI热潮!特斯拉、辉达、应材全列放空名单  \">《大卖空》贝瑞看空AI热潮!特斯拉、辉达、应材全列放空名单  </a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6019.html\" title=\"〈美股早盘〉晶片股撑场!主要指数开高 美伊紧张局势仍压抑市场情绪\">〈美股早盘〉晶片股撑场!主要指数开高 美伊紧张局势仍压抑市场情绪</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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