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Fed传声筒:3名官员力主升息 9月决策紧盯两份通膨报告

2026-09-11 09:00:58 网络 阅读(49)

市场公认「联准会传声筒」的《华尔街日报》(WSJ) 记者 Nick Timiraos 撰文称,联准会周三 (29 日) 决议维持利率不变,将联邦资金利率目标区间续留在 3.5% 至 3.75%。不过,3 名地区联准银行总裁投下反对票,主张升息 1 码,凸显在通膨长期高于 2% 目标之际,联准会内部要求收紧货币政策的「鹰派声浪」逐渐增强。

Fed传声筒:3名官员力主升息 9月决策紧盯两份通膨报告

本次决策以 9 票对 3 票通过,政策声明内容与 6 月会议大致相同。这也是华许 (Kevin Warsh) 5 月接掌联准会后,连续第二次会议选择按兵不动。

投下反对票的 3 人分别是克里夫兰联准银行总裁哈玛克 (Beth Hammack)、明尼亚波利斯联准银行总裁卡什卡里 (Neel Kashkari),以及达拉斯联准银行总裁萝根 (Lorie Logan)。3 人皆主张将利率区间上调 1 码。

这是 2016 年以来,首次有 3 名联准会官员就政策变动朝同一方向投下异议票。3 人也曾在 4 月反对政策声明释出偏向降息的讯号,显示他们对通膨风险的立场持续偏向鹰派。

华许:联准会没有快速压低通膨的魔法

华许在会后记者会坦言,美国家庭与企业对通膨迟迟未能回到目标已越来越不耐烦,但联准会不可能立即解决问题。

他表示,外界期待联准会尽快拿出成果,但央行并没有能够迅速消除通膨的「魔法」。

华许并未明确说明,哪些经济数据会促使联准会升息。他仅提出一项政策判断原则:如果决策官员认为核心通膨正在升高,便会更倾向收紧政策;反之,如果核心通膨持续下降,则会较倾向放宽政策。

不过,华许没有表明自己认为核心通膨目前正朝哪个方向发展。

市场利率上升 提供联准会观望空间

华许指出,自 6 月会议以来,由市场决定的名目利率与实质利率均已上升。即使联准会没有正式升息,金融环境仍出现一定程度的收紧,这也是决策官员本次选择维持利率不变的考量之一。

市场则将华许的谈话解读为,联准会短期内升息的急迫性有所下降。对政策利率预期较敏感的 2 年期美债殖利率在记者会后走低,但长期殖利率反向上扬。

30 年期美债殖利率周三攀升约 13.6 个基点,创一年多来最大单日涨幅,升至 5.228%,写下 2007 年以来最高水准。道琼工业指数则狂泻逾 1,100 点,跌幅达 2.2%。

房贷利率也同步上升。美国抵押贷款银行家协会最新调查显示,30 年期房贷利率上周升至 6.76%,创近一年新高。这意味着,即使联准会暂停升息,美国家庭的实际融资成本仍可能居高不下。

通膨数据一度降温 伊朗战事再添变数

联准会 6 月会议时,约有半数官员认为今年稍晚可能需要升息。两周前公布的通膨数据相对温和,一度降低本次会议立即升息的压力,但美国与伊朗上周再度爆发战事,推动能源价格重新走高,也让通膨前景再次面临变数。

美国去年已受到关税政策推升物价的影响,如今又面临能源价格上涨,以及 AI 基础建设热潮所带来的需求压力。接连出现的价格冲击,使部分官员不再愿意将通膨视为短期现象。

联准会过去数年的政策路径也因此变得更加复杂。联准会 3 年前结束快速升息循环,当时政策利率升至 20 多年高点;随着通膨朝 2% 目标靠拢,联准会在两年前开始降息。

去年初,关税可能推升物价的疑虑促使联准会暂停降息。去年秋季,由于招聘活动降温,决策官员一度担心劳动市场陷入衰退,因此再度调降利率。

然而,原先预期的经济低迷并未发生。美国经济持续展现韧性,通膨则依不同衡量指标维持在 3% 左右或更高水准,近期更受到中东冲突及 AI 投资热潮影响。

鹰派官员将 AI 投资视为需求压力

支持升息的官员日益关注 AI 基础建设热潮。数千亿美元资金持续流向资料中心与运算能力建设,相关需求可能已超过美国经济短期内所能提供的供给。

利率政策难以直接消除关税或油价上涨造成的物价压力,也未必能阻止资金已大致到位的资料中心投资。不过,升息仍可抑制经济其他领域的需求,减轻整体需求对有限供给造成的压力。

主张升息的官员担心,联准会仍在为一个已不需要额外政策支撑的经济提供助力。联准会去年降息时,原本预期今年通膨只会略高于 2%;如今通膨高于当时预估,意味经通膨调整后的实质政策利率,比决策官员原先设想的更为宽松。

此外,美股接近历史高点,企业融资条件仍然宽松,也被这些官员视为美国经济足以承受较高利率的依据。

鸽派官员担心过度反应

主张继续观望的官员认为,目前的物价压力主要来自一连串一次性冲击。只要家庭与企业仍预期通膨将逐步下降,联准会就不必立即升息。

这些官员担心,若联准会对短期价格变化作出反应,可能犯下政策过度紧缩的错误。由于升息需要一段时间才能影响经济,等到紧缩效果显现时,原先推高物价的因素可能已经退出通膨数据。

目前的通膨型态也提高政策判断难度。联准会传统模型通常将通膨视为以劳动市场为核心的广泛现象,但多数官员认为,目前的价格压力并非主要来自劳动市场。

9 月会议前还有两份通膨报告

FOMC 副主席、纽约联准银行总裁威廉斯 (John Williams) 本月稍早表示,预期未来几季通膨将逐步下降。

威廉斯指出,如果每月通膨增幅维持在 0.2% 或更低,换算成年率后将接近联准会的 2% 目标,可视为关税影响逐渐消退、核心通膨回稳的讯号。

如果未来数据明显高于这个水准,可能意味通膨并非单纯受到一次性成本推升,而是整体需求超过供应能力,届时联准会便可能需要采取进一步行动。

联准会下次政策会议将于 9 月 15 日至 16 日举行,会前还有两份通膨报告可供官员评估。

曾任鲍尔高级顾问、现为 Piper Sandler 追踪央行动态的 Kurt Lewis 认为,联准会今年稍晚升息的门槛并不算高。他预期通膨仍有机会改善到不必升息的程度,但可以容许联准会继续观望的空间已明显缩小。

他表示,如果未来两个月的数据显示物价压力更加顽强,联准会就可能采取升息行动。

部分经济学家则警告,等待本身也有风险。曾任纽约联准银行主管、现任 PGIM 全球首席经济学家的 Daleep Singh 指出,过去两年的价格冲击并非互不相关的单一事件,而是一连串互相叠加、具有通膨效果的供应障碍。

Singh 认为,目前就业成长仍足以避免失业率上升,为联准会提供一个较罕见的政策窗口,可以在不引发明显就业损失的情况下收紧政策。如果联准会等待过久,未来可能需要采取幅度更大的升息行动。

升息可能重新引爆白宫冲突

联准会若在今年秋季期中选举前后升息,也可能重新引发央行与川普政府的冲突。双方关系在华许 5 月接任主席后一度降温,但白宫已表示,华许本人不希望升息,却受到联准会内部鹰派官员的压力。

川普过去一年多次要求联准会降息,并在 6 个月前选定华许接替鲍尔 (Jerome Powell)。川普当时曾表示,不会考虑任何把强劲经济成长视为威胁的联准会主席人选。

随着 3 名地区联准银行总裁公开主张升息,联准会内部分歧已从政策声明的文字之争,进一步演变为实际利率决策的对立。接下来两份通膨数据,将成为 9 月是否启动升息的重要依据。

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          "pid": 10,
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              "pid": 61,
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          "id": 43,
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        {
          "id": 45,
          "pid": 36,
          "name": "期货公司",
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    "content": "<p>市场公认「联准会传声筒」的《华尔街日报》(WSJ) 记者 Nick Timiraos 撰文称,联准会周三 (29 日) 决议维持利率不变,将联邦资金利率目标区间续留在 3.5% 至 3.75%。不过,3 名地区联准银行总裁投下反对票,主张升息 1 码,凸显在通膨长期高于 2% 目标之际,联准会内部要求收紧货币政策的「鹰派声浪」逐渐增强。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6551352/l/816d3235694ee9f2bc7c68297fca4efa.jpg\" alt=\"Fed传声筒:3名官员力主升息 9月决策紧盯两份通膨报告\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>本次决策以 9 票对 3 票通过,政策声明内容与 6 月会议大致相同。这也是华许 (Kevin Warsh) 5 月接掌联准会后,连续第二次会议选择按兵不动。</p>\n\n<p>投下反对票的 3 人分别是克里夫兰联准银行总裁哈玛克 (Beth Hammack)、明尼亚波利斯联准银行总裁卡什卡里 (Neel Kashkari),以及达拉斯联准银行总裁萝根 (Lorie Logan)。3 人皆主张将利率区间上调 1 码。</p>\n\n<p>这是 2016 年以来,首次有 3 名联准会官员就政策变动朝同一方向投下异议票。3 人也曾在 4 月反对政策声明释出偏向降息的讯号,显示他们对通膨风险的立场持续偏向鹰派。</p>\n\n<p><em><strong>华许:联准会没有快速压低通膨的魔法</strong></em></p>\n\n<p>华许在会后记者会坦言,美国家庭与企业对通膨迟迟未能回到目标已越来越不耐烦,但联准会不可能立即解决问题。</p>\n\n<p>他表示,外界期待联准会尽快拿出成果,但央行并没有能够迅速消除通膨的「魔法」。</p>\n\n<p>华许并未明确说明,哪些经济数据会促使联准会升息。他仅提出一项政策判断原则:如果决策官员认为核心通膨正在升高,便会更倾向收紧政策;反之,如果核心通膨持续下降,则会较倾向放宽政策。</p>\n\n<p>不过,华许没有表明自己认为核心通膨目前正朝哪个方向发展。</p>\n\n<p><em><strong>市场利率上升 提供联准会观望空间</strong></em></p>\n\n<p>华许指出,自 6 月会议以来,由市场决定的名目利率与实质利率均已上升。即使联准会没有正式升息,金融环境仍出现一定程度的收紧,这也是决策官员本次选择维持利率不变的考量之一。</p>\n\n<p>市场则将华许的谈话解读为,联准会短期内升息的急迫性有所下降。对政策利率预期较敏感的 2 年期美债殖利率在记者会后走低,但长期殖利率反向上扬。</p>\n\n<p>30 年期美债殖利率周三攀升约 13.6 个基点,创一年多来最大单日涨幅,升至 5.228%,写下 2007 年以来最高水准。道琼工业指数则狂泻逾 1,100 点,跌幅达 2.2%。</p>\n\n<p>房贷利率也同步上升。美国抵押贷款银行家协会最新调查显示,30 年期房贷利率上周升至 6.76%,创近一年新高。这意味着,即使联准会暂停升息,美国家庭的实际融资成本仍可能居高不下。</p>\n\n<p><em><strong>通膨数据一度降温 伊朗战事再添变数</strong></em></p>\n\n<p>联准会 6 月会议时,约有半数官员认为今年稍晚可能需要升息。两周前公布的通膨数据相对温和,一度降低本次会议立即升息的压力,但美国与伊朗上周再度爆发战事,推动能源价格重新走高,也让通膨前景再次面临变数。</p>\n\n<p>美国去年已受到关税政策推升物价的影响,如今又面临能源价格上涨,以及 AI 基础建设热潮所带来的需求压力。接连出现的价格冲击,使部分官员不再愿意将通膨视为短期现象。</p>\n\n<p>联准会过去数年的政策路径也因此变得更加复杂。联准会 3 年前结束快速升息循环,当时政策利率升至 20 多年高点;随着通膨朝 2% 目标靠拢,联准会在两年前开始降息。</p>\n\n<p>去年初,关税可能推升物价的疑虑促使联准会暂停降息。去年秋季,由于招聘活动降温,决策官员一度担心劳动市场陷入衰退,因此再度调降利率。</p>\n\n<p>然而,原先预期的经济低迷并未发生。美国经济持续展现韧性,通膨则依不同衡量指标维持在 3% 左右或更高水准,近期更受到中东冲突及 AI 投资热潮影响。</p>\n\n<p><em><strong>鹰派官员将 AI 投资视为需求压力</strong></em></p>\n\n<p>支持升息的官员日益关注 AI 基础建设热潮。数千亿美元资金持续流向资料中心与运算能力建设,相关需求可能已超过美国经济短期内所能提供的供给。</p>\n\n<p>利率政策难以直接消除关税或油价上涨造成的物价压力,也未必能阻止资金已大致到位的资料中心投资。不过,升息仍可抑制经济其他领域的需求,减轻整体需求对有限供给造成的压力。</p>\n\n<p>主张升息的官员担心,联准会仍在为一个已不需要额外政策支撑的经济提供助力。联准会去年降息时,原本预期今年通膨只会略高于 2%;如今通膨高于当时预估,意味经通膨调整后的实质政策利率,比决策官员原先设想的更为宽松。</p>\n\n<p>此外,美股接近历史高点,企业融资条件仍然宽松,也被这些官员视为美国经济足以承受较高利率的依据。</p>\n\n<p><em><strong>鸽派官员担心过度反应</strong></em></p>\n\n<p>主张继续观望的官员认为,目前的物价压力主要来自一连串一次性冲击。只要家庭与企业仍预期通膨将逐步下降,联准会就不必立即升息。</p>\n\n<p>这些官员担心,若联准会对短期价格变化作出反应,可能犯下政策过度紧缩的错误。由于升息需要一段时间才能影响经济,等到紧缩效果显现时,原先推高物价的因素可能已经退出通膨数据。</p>\n\n<p>目前的通膨型态也提高政策判断难度。联准会传统模型通常将通膨视为以劳动市场为核心的广泛现象,但多数官员认为,目前的价格压力并非主要来自劳动市场。</p>\n\n<p><em><strong>9 月会议前还有两份通膨报告</strong></em></p>\n\n<p>FOMC 副主席、纽约联准银行总裁威廉斯 (John Williams) 本月稍早表示,预期未来几季通膨将逐步下降。</p>\n\n<p>威廉斯指出,如果每月通膨增幅维持在 0.2% 或更低,换算成年率后将接近联准会的 2% 目标,可视为关税影响逐渐消退、核心通膨回稳的讯号。</p>\n\n<p>如果未来数据明显高于这个水准,可能意味通膨并非单纯受到一次性成本推升,而是整体需求超过供应能力,届时联准会便可能需要采取进一步行动。</p>\n\n<p>联准会下次政策会议将于 9 月 15 日至 16 日举行,会前还有两份通膨报告可供官员评估。 </p>\n\n<p>曾任鲍尔高级顾问、现为 Piper Sandler 追踪央行动态的 Kurt Lewis 认为,联准会今年稍晚升息的门槛并不算高。他预期通膨仍有机会改善到不必升息的程度,但可以容许联准会继续观望的空间已明显缩小。</p>\n\n<p>他表示,如果未来两个月的数据显示物价压力更加顽强,联准会就可能采取升息行动。</p>\n\n<p>部分经济学家则警告,等待本身也有风险。曾任纽约联准银行主管、现任 PGIM 全球首席经济学家的 Daleep Singh 指出,过去两年的价格冲击并非互不相关的单一事件,而是一连串互相叠加、具有通膨效果的供应障碍。</p>\n\n<p>Singh 认为,目前就业成长仍足以避免失业率上升,为联准会提供一个较罕见的政策窗口,可以在不引发明显就业损失的情况下收紧政策。如果联准会等待过久,未来可能需要采取幅度更大的升息行动。</p>\n\n<p><em><strong>升息可能重新引爆白宫冲突</strong></em></p>\n\n<p>联准会若在今年秋季期中选举前后升息,也可能重新引发央行与川普政府的冲突。双方关系在华许 5 月接任主席后一度降温,但白宫已表示,华许本人不希望升息,却受到联准会内部鹰派官员的压力。</p>\n\n<p>川普过去一年多次要求联准会降息,并在 6 个月前选定华许接替鲍尔 (Jerome Powell)。川普当时曾表示,不会考虑任何把强劲经济成长视为威胁的联准会主席人选。</p>\n\n<p>随着 3 名地区联准银行总裁公开主张升息,联准会内部分歧已从政策声明的文字之争,进一步演变为实际利率决策的对立。接下来两份通膨数据,将成为 9 月是否启动升息的重要依据。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6652.html\" title=\"270亿参数塞进iPhone!苹果洽谈AI新创 54GB大模型缩至不到4GB\">270亿参数塞进iPhone!苹果洽谈AI新创 54GB大模型缩至不到4GB</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11847.html\" title=\"AI多头小心了!ECB经济学家警告股市修正恐难避免\">AI多头小心了!ECB经济学家警告股市修正恐难避免</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8575.html\" title=\"美国首批GB300 AI晶片诞生 台积电美国厂跨入量产时代\">美国首批GB300 AI晶片诞生 台积电美国厂跨入量产时代</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-7825.html\" title=\"【连接器产业】AI资料中心需求续强泰科电子TE Connectivity上调财测,订单突破57亿美元\">【连接器产业】AI资料中心需求续强泰科电子TE Connectivity上调财测,订单突破57亿美元</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-347.html\" title=\"D-Wave暴涨33%量子运算股狂飙 传川普政府将入股\">D-Wave暴涨33%量子运算股狂飙 传川普政府将入股</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3436.html\" title=\"AI热潮降温?反向杠杆ETF爆量 市场押注晶片股续跌\">AI热潮降温?反向杠杆ETF爆量 市场押注晶片股续跌</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-07-29T23:30:25.000Z",
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