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华尔街大行:美股最猛烈抛售或已过 但「抄底」仍有风险

2026-09-24 09:55:13 网络 阅读(55)

在经历了一个月的剧烈震荡后,美股市场正站在一个关键的十字路口。一方面,摩根大通等机构的数据表明,科技板块持续数月的去杠杆进程已接近尾声,杠杆 ETF、对冲基金净暴露和 CTA 仓位均已从极端水平显著回落。另一方面,通膨担忧重新升温、利率路径充满不确定性、AI 资本开支回报疑虑仍未消散。

华尔街大行:美股最猛烈抛售或已过 但「抄底」仍有风险

宏观风险正在接替仓位清理,成为市场定价的核心驱动力。进入 8 月,摩根大通、高盛、法国兴业银行等华尔街大行密集发布策略报告,勾勒出一幅「去杠杆接近尾声、估值重新合理、但宏观风险仍在积聚」的复杂图景。

科技股最猛烈抛售或已经过去

据《智通财经》,过去两个月,全球科技股经历了一场由杠杆清盘驱动的「完美风暴」。摩根大通策略师 Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou 团队在最新报告中指出,科技板块去杠杆最猛烈的阶段大概率已经过去。

数据显示,杠杆 ETF 规模已从峰值的 500 亿美元降至 170 亿美元;对冲基金在科技板块的净暴露从 5.0 个标准差降至 1.7 个标准差;CTA(商品交易顾问)仓位已回落至 39% 分位。在韩国市场,杠杆 ETF 的平仓操作已基本完成,对冲基金的去杠杆进程也已完成约 90%,整体杠杆水平正回落至更为合理的区间。摩根大通认为,投资者在科技和半导体领域(包括记忆体股票)的去杠杆化进程比此前预期更快,进一步去杠杆的空间已经非常有限。

高盛的数据同样印证了这一判断。全球科技敞口经历了五年多以来最大规模卖出,韩国股票杠杆 ETF 的资产管理规模从 6 月高点的 530 亿美元降至 150 亿美元。基本面多空客户对动量因子的杠杆敞口已经降到过去一年区间的第 28 百分位。「拥挤交易从『人人都在车上』,变成了相当一部分人已经下车,甚至是被迫下车」。

对冲基金仓位监测数据给出三组明确信号:全市场对冲基金持仓与因子表现合并 z 值跌至历史极端偏低区间;北美对冲基金五天维度的减仓幅度对应 3 倍标准差,持续大规模的抛售行为已经走到尾声。记忆体板块正迎来重新定价机会——当前股价仅隐含一年高景气周期,若上涨周期延续至 2027 年中,估值将回到历史均值以下。

然而,去杠杆的结束并不意味着市场将一帆风顺。高盛顶级交易团队警告,尽管去杠杆进程接近尾声,但风险并未完全出清,多重关键事件仍将压制市场。高盛最新《资金流向》报告指出,实质性降险尚未完成,受限于季节性基金流出和机构进攻意愿不足,8 月美股上行缺乏「燃料」。

伴随去杠杆的推进,全球股市的估值已经历了显著重置。美国股票估值相对于世界其他地区的溢价已缩水至约 22%,为六年多来最低水平,远低于 31% 的十年平均水平。RBC 资本市场策略师 Lori Calvasina 指出,纳斯达克 100 指数、标普 500 指数乃至科技板块的估值都开始再次显得「合理」。

同时,刚刚落幕的第二季度业绩期交出了一份堪称「有史以来最强之一」的成绩单。FactSet 数据显示,标普 500 成分股公司本季度盈利有望实现 47.4% 的同比增长,为过去五年中盈利增长最强劲的一个季度。高盛统计显示,已公布业绩的成分股中,64% 的公司盈利超出华尔街预期至少一个标准差。

AI 基础设施相关股票贡献了二季度标普 500 约三分之一的 EPS 增长。高盛测算显示,若剔除几家科技巨头异常庞大的投资收益,标普 500 整体盈利同比增幅约为 26%;计入后整体增幅更飙升至 45%。欧洲斯托克 600 指数成分股利润在经历两年几乎零增长后,本季度同比跃升 19%。

宏观风险正在积聚:通膨与利率的「达摩克利斯之剑」

然而,业绩期的盈利光芒并未驱散宏观层面的阴霾。高盛衍生品专家 Lee Coppersmith 警告,随着业绩期结束,市场的注意力将重新转向利率、通膨和经济增长。美国国债波动性已开始再次加速,实际收益率仍接近周期高位。

通膨压力依然顽固。法国兴业银行策略师 Alain Bokobza 团队指出,美国第二轮关税、AI 和基础设施资本支出周期的加速增长、油价波动加剧以及发达经济体持续的巨额财政赤字,都表明市场对通膨的预期「要低得多」。法国兴业银行预计今年核心 PCE 将维持在 3% 以上,并建议配置 TIPS、铜和黄金作为通膨对冲工具。

美债市场正在为这一担忧定价。10 年期美债收益率已攀升至 4.74% 附近,30 年期突破 5.27%,创近 19 年新高。摩根大通已将 10 年期美债收益率预测上调至 4.85%,30 年期目标上调至 5.40%。收益率曲线陡峭化在历史上极为罕见——市场正对联准会能否守住 2% 通膨目标投下不信任票。

联准会利率路径充满不确定性。7 月 29 日 FOMC 会议以 9 比 3 维持利率不变,三名鹰派委员投下反对票主张加息 25 个点子。市场对 9-10 月加息的预期已打得非常满,合计约 90%。与此同时,高盛副董事长、前达拉斯 Fed 主席 Robert Kaplan 最新明确警告,若通膨数据未能降温,联准会最早可能在秋季重启加息,且这大概率不是单次行动,而是连续 2 至 3 次的系列收紧。

在去杠杆接近尾声、估值重置完成、但宏观风险仍在积聚的背景下,华尔街策略师们正勾勒出一幅全新的投资蓝图。摩根大通强调,记忆体板块正迎来重新定价机会,仓位已不再是主要矛盾,基本面和估值将决定方向。

从市值加权到等权重。标普 500 等权重指数 7 月实际上涨 1.3%,而市值加权的标普 500 同期下跌 0.1%。高盛指出,等权重标普、低波动标普、剔除 AI 后的标普 500 在 7 月最后一周均创下历史新高。这意味着市场的上涨正从「少数大牛领涨」转向更广泛的行业参与。

法国兴业银行推荐做多标普 500 等权重指数、做多美国抗通膨债券,同时做空 10 年期美国国债。策略师指出,美国第二轮关税、AI 和基础设施资本支出周期的加速增长、油价波动加剧以及发达经济体持续高额的财政赤字,都表明市场目前对通膨的预期要低得多。法兴银行策略师 Manish Kabra 表示,当前有九个行业实现了双位数的获利增长,小型股工业 EPS 上升达 30%。他看好银行股,预计 2026 年下半年将迎来反弹;同时推荐工业、公用事业和材料相关股票,以及「重返美国生产」主题。

RBC 资本市场维持标普 500 年底目标价 8150 点不变,认为更强劲的经济增长和企业盈利可以推动市场再涨 11.4%。但策略师 Calvasina 也警告,在联准会主席更迭的初期,标普 500 通常波动剧烈,「股市的走势不会一帆风顺」。

高盛维持标普 500 指数 2026 年底目标价 8000 点,隐含约 8% 的上行空间。但高盛交易员警告,随着宏观不确定性持续,发生「高相关性事件」的可能性正在上升。交易员们正在针对大盘整体的协同波动进行套期保值——所谓的「反向离散度交易」被高盛列为应对当前市场的最佳策略之一。

Coppersmith 指出,随着业绩期结束,市场注意力将重新转向利率、通膨和经济增长,「美国国债波动性已开始再次加速,实际收益率仍接近周期高位,而从历史经验来看,在这种环境下,股票波动性通常不会保持结构性收窄」。

高盛对冲基金业务负责人 Tony Pasquariello 指出,过去一个月「一只重锤砸穿了共识仓位」,最拥挤、最顺手、最容易被加杠杆追逐的交易已经被迫降温,但风险并未消失。

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          "id": 43,
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          "id": 45,
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    "description": "在经历了一个月的剧烈震荡后,美股市场正站在一个关键的十字路口。一方面,摩根大通等机构的数据表明,科技板块持续数月的去杠杆进程已接近尾声。另一方面,通膨担忧重新升温、利率路径充满不确定性、AI 资本开支回报疑虑仍未消散。",
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    "content": "<p>在经历了一个月的剧烈震荡后,美股市场正站在一个关键的十字路口。一方面,摩根大通等机构的数据表明,科技板块持续数月的去杠杆进程已接近尾声,杠杆 ETF、对冲基金净暴露和 CTA 仓位均已从极端水平显著回落。另一方面,通膨担忧重新升温、利率路径充满不确定性、AI 资本开支回报疑虑仍未消散。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6557892/l/e0582cfee9b5679a74b30a85e2ddfb52.jpg\" alt=\"华尔街大行:美股最猛烈抛售或已过 但「抄底」仍有风险\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>宏观风险正在接替仓位清理,成为市场定价的核心驱动力。进入 8 月,摩根大通、高盛、法国兴业银行等华尔街大行密集发布策略报告,勾勒出一幅「去杠杆接近尾声、估值重新合理、但宏观风险仍在积聚」的复杂图景。</p>\n\n<p><em><strong>科技股最猛烈抛售或已经过去</strong></em></p>\n\n<p>据《智通财经》,过去两个月,全球科技股经历了一场由杠杆清盘驱动的「完美风暴」。摩根大通策略师 Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou 团队在最新报告中指出,科技板块去杠杆最猛烈的阶段大概率已经过去。</p>\n\n<p>数据显示,杠杆 ETF 规模已从峰值的 500 亿美元降至 170 亿美元;对冲基金在科技板块的净暴露从 5.0 个标准差降至 1.7 个标准差;CTA(商品交易顾问)仓位已回落至 39% 分位。在韩国市场,杠杆 ETF 的平仓操作已基本完成,对冲基金的去杠杆进程也已完成约 90%,整体杠杆水平正回落至更为合理的区间。摩根大通认为,投资者在科技和半导体领域(包括记忆体股票)的去杠杆化进程比此前预期更快,进一步去杠杆的空间已经非常有限。</p>\n\n<p>高盛的数据同样印证了这一判断。全球科技敞口经历了五年多以来最大规模卖出,韩国股票杠杆 ETF 的资产管理规模从 6 月高点的 530 亿美元降至 150 亿美元。基本面多空客户对动量因子的杠杆敞口已经降到过去一年区间的第 28 百分位。「拥挤交易从『人人都在车上』,变成了相当一部分人已经下车,甚至是被迫下车」。</p>\n\n<p>对冲基金仓位监测数据给出三组明确信号:全市场对冲基金持仓与因子表现合并 z 值跌至历史极端偏低区间;北美对冲基金五天维度的减仓幅度对应 3 倍标准差,持续大规模的抛售行为已经走到尾声。记忆体板块正迎来重新定价机会&mdash;&mdash;当前股价仅隐含一年高景气周期,若上涨周期延续至 2027 年中,估值将回到历史均值以下。</p>\n\n<p>然而,去杠杆的结束并不意味着市场将一帆风顺。高盛顶级交易团队警告,尽管去杠杆进程接近尾声,但风险并未完全出清,多重关键事件仍将压制市场。高盛最新《资金流向》报告指出,实质性降险尚未完成,受限于季节性基金流出和机构进攻意愿不足,8 月美股上行缺乏「燃料」。</p>\n\n<p>伴随去杠杆的推进,全球股市的估值已经历了显著重置。美国股票估值相对于世界其他地区的溢价已缩水至约 22%,为六年多来最低水平,远低于 31% 的十年平均水平。RBC 资本市场策略师 Lori Calvasina 指出,纳斯达克 100 指数、标普 500 指数乃至科技板块的估值都开始再次显得「合理」。</p>\n\n<p>同时,刚刚落幕的第二季度业绩期交出了一份堪称「有史以来最强之一」的成绩单。FactSet 数据显示,标普 500 成分股公司本季度盈利有望实现 47.4% 的同比增长,为过去五年中盈利增长最强劲的一个季度。高盛统计显示,已公布业绩的成分股中,64% 的公司盈利超出华尔街预期至少一个标准差。</p>\n\n<p>AI 基础设施相关股票贡献了二季度标普 500 约三分之一的 EPS 增长。高盛测算显示,若剔除几家科技巨头异常庞大的投资收益,标普 500 整体盈利同比增幅约为 26%;计入后整体增幅更飙升至 45%。欧洲斯托克 600 指数成分股利润在经历两年几乎零增长后,本季度同比跃升 19%。</p>\n\n<p><em><strong>宏观风险正在积聚:通膨与利率的「达摩克利斯之剑」</strong></em></p>\n\n<p>然而,业绩期的盈利光芒并未驱散宏观层面的阴霾。高盛衍生品专家 Lee Coppersmith 警告,随着业绩期结束,市场的注意力将重新转向利率、通膨和经济增长。美国国债波动性已开始再次加速,实际收益率仍接近周期高位。</p>\n\n<p>通膨压力依然顽固。法国兴业银行策略师 Alain Bokobza 团队指出,美国第二轮关税、AI 和基础设施资本支出周期的加速增长、油价波动加剧以及发达经济体持续的巨额财政赤字,都表明市场对通膨的预期「要低得多」。法国兴业银行预计今年核心 PCE 将维持在 3% 以上,并建议配置 TIPS、铜和黄金作为通膨对冲工具。</p>\n\n<p>美债市场正在为这一担忧定价。10 年期美债收益率已攀升至 4.74% 附近,30 年期突破 5.27%,创近 19 年新高。摩根大通已将 10 年期美债收益率预测上调至 4.85%,30 年期目标上调至 5.40%。收益率曲线陡峭化在历史上极为罕见&mdash;&mdash;市场正对联准会能否守住 2% 通膨目标投下不信任票。</p>\n\n<p>联准会利率路径充满不确定性。7 月 29 日 FOMC 会议以 9 比 3 维持利率不变,三名鹰派委员投下反对票主张加息 25 个点子。市场对 9-10 月加息的预期已打得非常满,合计约 90%。与此同时,高盛副董事长、前达拉斯 Fed 主席 Robert Kaplan 最新明确警告,若通膨数据未能降温,联准会最早可能在秋季重启加息,且这大概率不是单次行动,而是连续 2 至 3 次的系列收紧。</p>\n\n<p>在去杠杆接近尾声、估值重置完成、但宏观风险仍在积聚的背景下,华尔街策略师们正勾勒出一幅全新的投资蓝图。摩根大通强调,记忆体板块正迎来重新定价机会,仓位已不再是主要矛盾,基本面和估值将决定方向。</p>\n\n<p>从市值加权到等权重。标普 500 等权重指数 7 月实际上涨 1.3%,而市值加权的标普 500 同期下跌 0.1%。高盛指出,等权重标普、低波动标普、剔除 AI 后的标普 500 在 7 月最后一周均创下历史新高。这意味着市场的上涨正从「少数大牛领涨」转向更广泛的行业参与。</p>\n\n<p>法国兴业银行推荐做多标普 500 等权重指数、做多美国抗通膨债券,同时做空 10 年期美国国债。策略师指出,美国第二轮关税、AI 和基础设施资本支出周期的加速增长、油价波动加剧以及发达经济体持续高额的财政赤字,都表明市场目前对通膨的预期要低得多。法兴银行策略师 Manish Kabra 表示,当前有九个行业实现了双位数的获利增长,小型股工业 EPS 上升达 30%。他看好银行股,预计 2026 年下半年将迎来反弹;同时推荐工业、公用事业和材料相关股票,以及「重返美国生产」主题。</p>\n\n<p>RBC 资本市场维持标普 500 年底目标价 8150 点不变,认为更强劲的经济增长和企业盈利可以推动市场再涨 11.4%。但策略师 Calvasina 也警告,在联准会主席更迭的初期,标普 500 通常波动剧烈,「股市的走势不会一帆风顺」。</p>\n\n<p>高盛维持标普 500 指数 2026 年底目标价 8000 点,隐含约 8% 的上行空间。但高盛交易员警告,随着宏观不确定性持续,发生「高相关性事件」的可能性正在上升。交易员们正在针对大盘整体的协同波动进行套期保值&mdash;&mdash;所谓的「反向离散度交易」被高盛列为应对当前市场的最佳策略之一。</p>\n\n<p>Coppersmith 指出,随着业绩期结束,市场注意力将重新转向利率、通膨和经济增长,「美国国债波动性已开始再次加速,实际收益率仍接近周期高位,而从历史经验来看,在这种环境下,股票波动性通常不会保持结构性收窄」。</p>\n\n<p>高盛对冲基金业务负责人 Tony Pasquariello 指出,过去一个月「一只重锤砸穿了共识仓位」,最拥挤、最顺手、最容易被加杠杆追逐的交易已经被迫降温,但风险并未消失。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11665.html\" title=\"SanDisk暴涨逾6倍后腰斩 避险基金持股策略大分歧 达里奥、提普等资金退场\">SanDisk暴涨逾6倍后腰斩 避险基金持股策略大分歧 达里奥、提普等资金退场</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-525.html\" title=\"Fed降息梦碎?5年期与30年期美债利差创一年低点  华许时代利率恐在更高水准维持更久\">Fed降息梦碎?5年期与30年期美债利差创一年低点  华许时代利率恐在更高水准维持更久</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-17362.html\" title=\"美国初领失业救济金人数下降 劳动市场维持稳健\">美国初领失业救济金人数下降 劳动市场维持稳健</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-12665.html\" title=\"辉达财报公布前估值意外便宜 这会成为股价的隐忧吗?\">辉达财报公布前估值意外便宜 这会成为股价的隐忧吗?</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-16391.html\" title=\"10年期美债殖利率回落至4.93% 分析师:最剧烈卖压已过\">10年期美债殖利率回落至4.93% 分析师:最剧烈卖压已过</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-8785.html\" title=\"马斯克火星梦遇上大麻烦?专家示警星舰隔热系统「是一条死路」\">马斯克火星梦遇上大麻烦?专家示警星舰隔热系统「是一条死路」</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-08-03T21:40:02.000Z",
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