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什么是均幅指标ATR?ATR均幅指标使用技巧和方法

2026-09-11 12:37:54 阅读(170)

均幅指标(ATR)是取一定时间周期内的股价波动幅度的移动平均值,主要用于研判买卖时机。

均幅指标是显示市场变化率的指标,由威尔德(Welles Wilder)在《技术交易系统中的新概念》一书中首次提出,目前已成为众多指标经常引用的技术量。威尔德发现较高的ATR值常发生在市场底部,并伴随恐慌性抛盘。当其值较低时,则往往发生在合并以后的市场顶部。

由于惊恐购买所驱使的价格的剧烈下跌,这一指标在市场底部通常可以达到一个较高的价值。这一指标对于长期持续边幅移动的时段是非常典型的,这一情况通常发生在市场的顶部,或者是在价格巩固期间。平均波幅通道技术指标依据同样的原则,可以被解释成为其他一些易变指数。根据这个指标来进行预测的原则可以表达为:该指标价值越高,趋势改变的可能性就越高;该指标的价值越低,趋势的移动性就越弱。
计算公式如下:

t——当日;
n——时间长度;
Ci——第i日的收盘价;
Hi——第i日的最高价;
Li——第i日的最低价。

其中:
TRi = max(Hi,Ci-1)-min(Li,Ci-1)
注:一般取n=14
,m=6。

均幅指标无论是从下向上穿越移动平均线,还是从上向下穿越移动平均线时,都是一种研判信号。它表示价格运行趋势有可能发生逆转,具体如何转变需结合趋势类指标进行综合研判

一、均幅指标(ATR)是什么

均幅指标(ATR)是一个用于衡量市场波动率的指标,由威尔斯·威尔德(J. Welles Wilder)开发,并在他的书籍技术交易系统新概念(1978年)中首次提到。

3种方法可以计算ATR值,具体取决于K线的形成方式:

  • 方法1:当前高点减去当前低点
  • 方法2:当前高点减去前一日收盘价
  • 方法3:当前低点减去前一日收盘价

如果你感到困惑,则可以查看下面的图片解释:

正如你看到的:

  • 示例A:当前K线的范围大于前一根K线的范围,我们使用方法1
  • 示例B:当前K线的收盘价高于前一根K线,我们使用方法2
  • 示例C:当前K线的收盘价低于前一根K线,我们使用方法3

需要记住的是:K线的范围越大,ATR值就越大(反之亦然)。

ATR不是趋势指标

投资者常犯的一个错误是,认为波动率和市场趋势的方向相同。事实并非如此,在市场倾向于上升的同时,波动率可能较低(反之亦然)。

这是一个例子:


标普指数趋于上升,而波动率趋向于下降

二、使用ATR寻找有利可图的突破交易

市场的波动总是在发生变化,从低波动时期过渡到高波动时期,反之亦然。这意味着当市场处于低波动时期时,你可以预期波动会很快回升。

那么,如何利用这些知识在突破发生时找到进场机会呢?

很简单,只需:

  1. 等待波幅达到多年低点(在周线时间框架内)
  2. 确定这段时间内的波动范围
  3. 价格突破波段高/低点时开设仓位

这是一些例子:



布伦特原油的波动性达到多年低位,随后跌破支撑位
EUR/USD的波动性达到多年低位,随后跌破支撑位

你是否注意到,这些破位下跌都是在一段时间的低波动之后发生的?

三、使用ATR设置合适的止损

你是否曾经下过一笔订单,眼睁睁看着市场触及止损,然后继续朝着你预期的方向前进?这种感觉很糟糕,对不对?

那是因为你设置的止损太小,为了解决这个问题,止损设置得应该足够大,以适应市场的日常波动。现在你可能想知道:多大的止损才是合适的呢?

答案是使用ATR指标来获得帮助:

  1. 找出当前的ATR
  2. 选择ATR值的倍数
  3. 将这个数值增加到最近的支撑和阻力位

如果你从支撑位做多,并且选择ATR的倍数为1,则将止损设为低于支撑低点的1ATR处;或者,如果你从阻力位做空,并且选择ATR的倍数为2,则将止损设为高于阻力高点的2ATR处。

这是一个例子:

四、使用ATR把握大趋势

如果你希望顺应市场的巨大趋势,则必须在交易中使用追踪止损。有很多方法可以做到这一点,其中一种是使用ATR指标,操作方法如下:

  1. 确定你要使用的ATR倍数(3、4、5等等)
  2. 如果做多,那么从高点减去X ATR,这就是你的追踪止损
  3. 如果做空,那么从低点增加X ATR,这就是你的追踪止损

为了使你的交易更轻松,有一个现成的指标Chandelier Stop,可以执行这项功能。

这是使用5ATR作为追踪止损的示例:

现在你可能想知道:哪个ATR倍数最好?

事实是:并没有一个最好的ATR倍数。如果你使用较小的ATR倍数,将遵循较小的市场趋势(交易时间更短);如果你使用较大的ATR倍数,将遵循更大的市场趋势(交易时间更长)。具体哪种方法最适合你,只有你自己可以回答。

五、使用ATR设置利润目标

如果你不想把握大趋势,还可以使用ATR来设置目标利润。

现在你已经知道,ATR指标可以告诉你一天中市场的潜在移动量。所以,如果EUR/USD(日线图)的ATR100点,则平均每天移动100点。这意味着,如果你是日内交易者,则可以获得大约100点的目标利润(买入和卖出),当然,你不想盲目设定100点的目标利润。相反,将其与市场结构(例如支撑/阻力、上下波动等等)结合起来,以便了解当天价格可能到达的位置。

举例说明:

  • 假设EUR/USD平均每天移动100
  • 你一直在寻求支撑,并且不确定要在哪里获利平仓
  • 3种可能的阻力位:30点、80点、200

你选择哪一个?

  • 30点目标很可能会在一天内达到,但由于市场每天可能移动100点,因此你会错过大部分利润
  • 200点目标不太可能在一天内达到,因为它比ATR值更大
  • 80点目标是最好的选择,因为它在每日ATR值之内,并且比30点更大

K线图来看就是这样:

EUR/USD3个潜在获利目标

所以,这就是使用ATR设置利润目标的方法:

  1. 确定日线ATR
  2. 在设定利润目标时,将其与市场结构结合起来,并确保距离小于日线ATR
提示:如果你进行长线交易,则可以参考周线或月线的ATR值。

六、使用ATR识别疲软走势和市场反转

没有人可以永远保持工作状态,而不会有任何疲惫感,工作一个小时后,我们大多数人都需要休息一下才能继续奋战。市场与我们一样,需要休息很长时间才能产生动力,这意味着市场很有可能在达到极限后耗尽所有能量。

现在你可能想知道:我怎么知道极限在哪里?

你可以使用均幅指标进行查找,操作方法如下:

  1. 识别当前的ATR
  2. 乘以2
  3. 如果市场价格是ATR值的2倍,则可能到达极限

但是,我们并不建议你孤立地使用这个概念,相反,应该将其与支撑和阻力相结合,这样你就会发现,自己比其他人能够率先发现市场反转。

这是一个例子:

GBP/JPY周线图 - ATR值为300

现在,你意识到GBP/JPY已经移动了500点(接近2ATR),并且进入支撑区域。然后,市场在日线时间框架上产生一个大型看涨吞没形态。

GBP/JPY日线图 - 产生一个看涨吞没形态

现在,你认为会发生什么?

尽管不能肯定,但市场明显具有一个精疲力竭的举动,价格进入支撑区域,并且看涨K线形态表明市场可能会反转走高。

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    "content": "<p>均幅指标(ATR)是取一定时间周期内的股价波动幅度的移动平均值,主要用于研判买卖时机。</p>\n<p>均幅指标是显示市场变化率的指标,由威尔德(Welles Wilder)在《技术交易系统中的新概念》一书中首次提出,目前已成为众多指标经常引用的技术量。威尔德发现较高的ATR值常发生在市场底部,并伴随恐慌性抛盘。当其值较低时,则往往发生在合并以后的市场顶部。</p>\n<p>由于惊恐购买所驱使的价格的剧烈下跌,这一指标在市场底部通常可以达到一个较高的价值。这一指标对于长期持续边幅移动的时段是非常典型的,这一情况通常发生在市场的顶部,或者是在价格巩固期间。平均波幅通道技术指标依据同样的原则,可以被解释成为其他一些易变指数。根据这个指标来进行预测的原则可以表达为:该指标价值越高,趋势改变的可能性就越高;该指标的价值越低,趋势的移动性就越弱。<br>计算公式如下:<br><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/1faca1ecf1ce673866042bc208c0f006.jpg\"><br>t——当日;<br>n——时间长度;<br>Ci——第i日的收盘价;<br>Hi——第i日的最高价;<br>Li——第i日的最低价。</p>\n<p>其中:<br>TRi = max(Hi,Ci-1)-min(Li,Ci-1)<br>注:一般取n=14<br>,m=6。</p>\n<p>均幅指标无论是从下向上穿越移动平均线,还是从上向下穿越移动平均线时,都是一种研判信号。它表示价格运行趋势有可能发生逆转,具体如何转变需结合趋势类指标进行综合研判</p>\n<h3>一、均幅指标(ATR)是什么</h3>\n<p>均幅指标(ATR)是一个用于衡量市场波动率的指标,由威尔斯·威尔德(J. Welles Wilder)开发,并在他的书籍<span class=\"su-label su-label-type-default su-label-jd\">技术交易系统新概念</span>(1978<c></c>年)中首次提到。</p>\n<p>有<c></c>3<c></c>种方法可以计算<c></c>ATR<c></c>值,具体取决于<c></c>K<c></c>线的形成方式:</p>\n<ul>\n\t<li>方法<c></c>1:当前高点减去当前低点</li>\n\t<li>方法<c></c>2:当前高点减去前一日收盘价</li>\n\t<li>方法<c></c>3:当前低点减去前一日收盘价</li>\n</ul>\n<p>如果你感到困惑,则可以查看下面的图片解释:</p>\n<div class=\"center\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/f9ca8ee98ccb9e0ef78d04df2b883c6f.png\"></div>\n<p>正如你看到的:</p>\n<ul>\n\t<li>示例<c></c>A:当前<c></c>K<c></c>线的范围大于前一根<c></c>K<c></c>线的范围,我们使用方法<c></c>1</li>\n\t<li>示例<c></c>B:当前<c></c>K<c></c>线的收盘价高于前一根<c></c>K<c></c>线,我们使用方法<c></c>2</li>\n\t<li>示例<c></c>C:当前<c></c>K<c></c>线的收盘价低于前一根<c></c>K<c></c>线,我们使用方法<c></c>3</li>\n</ul>\n<p>需要记住的是:K<c></c>线的范围越大,ATR<c></c>值就越大(反之亦然)。</p>\n<p><strong>ATR</strong><c></c><strong>不是趋势指标</strong></p>\n<p>投资者常犯的一个错误是,认为波动率和市场趋势的方向相同。事实并非如此,在市场倾向于上升的同时,波动率可能较低(反之亦然)。</p>\n<p>这是一个例子:</p>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/45657c49bf1fb50d49920b34ec54fbcd.png\"><br> </div>\n<div class=\"tips\">标普指数趋于上升,而波动率趋向于下降</div></div>\n<h3>二、使用<c></c>ATR<c></c>寻找有利可图的突破交易</h3>\n<p>市场的波动总是在发生变化,从低波动时期过渡到高波动时期,反之亦然。这意味着当市场处于低波动时期时,你可以预期波动会很快回升。</p>\n<p>那么,如何利用这些知识在突破发生时找到进场机会呢?</p>\n<p>很简单,只需:</p>\n<ol>\n\t<li>等待波幅达到多年低点(在周线时间框架内)</li>\n\t<li>确定这段时间内的波动范围</li>\n\t<li>价格突破波段高/低点时开设仓位</li>\n</ol>\n<p>这是一些例子:</p>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/a50a1a822d5a1bc334c3be097c66fe22.png\"><br><br>布伦特原油的波动性达到多年低位,随后跌破支撑位</div></div>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/6fdaf292265be073949972032325c5f7.png\"></div>\n<div class=\"tips\">EUR/USD<c></c>的波动性达到多年低位,随后跌破支撑位</div></div>\n<p>你是否注意到,这些破位下跌都是在一段时间的低波动之后发生的?</p>\n<h3>三、使用<c></c>ATR<c></c>设置合适的止损</h3>\n<p>你是否曾经下过一笔订单,眼睁睁看着市场触及止损,然后继续朝着你预期的方向前进?这种感觉很糟糕,对不对?</p>\n<p>那是因为你设置的止损太小,为了解决这个问题,止损设置得应该足够大,以适应市场的日常波动。现在你可能想知道:多大的止损才是合适的呢?</p>\n<p>答案是使用<c></c>ATR<c></c>指标来获得帮助:</p>\n<ol>\n\t<li>找出当前的<c></c>ATR<c></c>值</li>\n\t<li>选择<c></c>ATR<c></c>值的倍数</li>\n\t<li>将这个数值增加到最近的支撑和阻力位</li>\n</ol>\n<p>如果你从支撑位做多,并且选择<c></c>ATR<c></c>的倍数为<c></c>1,则将止损设为低于支撑低点的<c></c>1ATR<c></c>处;或者,如果你从阻力位做空,并且选择<c></c>ATR<c></c>的倍数为<c></c>2,则将止损设为高于阻力高点的<c></c>2ATR<c></c>处。</p>\n<p>这是一个例子:</p>\n<div class=\"center\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/c7daf13d8d597086b24d4ca56d12fca4.png\"></div>\n<h3>四、使用<c></c>ATR<c></c>把握大趋势</h3>\n<p>如果你希望顺应市场的巨大趋势,则必须在交易中使用追踪止损。有很多方法可以做到这一点,其中一种是使用<c></c>ATR<c></c>指标,操作方法如下:</p>\n<ol>\n\t<li>确定你要使用的<c></c>ATR<c></c>倍数(3、4、5<c></c>等等)</li>\n\t<li>如果做多,那么从高点减去<c></c>X ATR,这就是你的追踪止损</li>\n\t<li>如果做空,那么从低点增加<c></c>X ATR,这就是你的追踪止损</li>\n</ol>\n<p>为了使你的交易更轻松,有一个现成的指标<c></c>Chandelier Stop,可以执行这项功能。</p>\n<p>这是使用<c></c>5ATR<c></c>作为追踪止损的示例:</p>\n<div class=\"center\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/1a37fa31200bd930aad3ced1eef9e96f.png\"></div>\n<p>现在你可能想知道:哪个<c></c>ATR<c></c>倍数最好?</p>\n<p>事实是:并没有一个最好的<c></c>ATR<c></c>倍数。如果你使用较小的<c></c>ATR<c></c>倍数,将遵循较小的市场趋势(交易时间更短);如果你使用较大的<c></c>ATR<c></c>倍数,将遵循更大的市场趋势(交易时间更长)。具体哪种方法最适合你,只有你自己可以回答。</p>\n<h3>五、使用<c></c>ATR<c></c>设置利润目标</h3>\n<p>如果你不想把握大趋势,还可以使用<c></c>ATR<c></c>来设置目标利润。</p>\n<p>现在你已经知道,ATR<c></c>指标可以告诉你一天中市场的潜在移动量。所以,如果<c></c>EUR/USD(日线图)的<c></c>ATR<c></c>为<c></c>100<c></c>点,则平均每天移动<c></c>100<c></c>点。这意味着,如果你是日内交易者,则可以获得大约<c></c>100<c></c>点的目标利润(买入和卖出),当然,你不想盲目设定<c></c>100<c></c>点的目标利润。相反,将其与市场结构(例如支撑/阻力、上下波动等等)结合起来,以便了解当天价格可能到达的位置。</p>\n<p>举例说明:</p>\n<ul>\n\t<li>假设<c></c>EUR/USD<c></c>平均每天移动<c></c>100<c></c>点</li>\n\t<li>你一直在寻求支撑,并且不确定要在哪里获利平仓</li>\n\t<li>有<c></c>3<c></c>种可能的阻力位:30<c></c>点、80<c></c>点、200<c></c>点</li>\n</ul>\n<p>你选择哪一个?</p>\n<ul>\n\t<li>30<c></c>点目标很可能会在一天内达到,但由于市场每天可能移动<c></c>100<c></c>点,因此你会错过大部分利润</li>\n\t<li>200<c></c>点目标不太可能在一天内达到,因为它比<c></c>ATR<c></c>值更大</li>\n\t<li>80<c></c>点目标是最好的选择,因为它在每日<c></c>ATR<c></c>值之内,并且比<c></c>30<c></c>点更大</li>\n</ul>\n<p>从<c></c>K<c></c>线图来看就是这样:</p>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/c65184870e570bc40e5155c9a7608f45.png\"></div>\n<div class=\"tips\">EUR/USD<c></c>的<c></c>3<c></c>个潜在获利目标</div></div>\n<p>所以,这就是使用<c></c>ATR<c></c>设置利润目标的方法:</p>\n<ol>\n\t<li>确定日线<c></c>ATR<c></c>值</li>\n\t<li>在设定利润目标时,将其与市场结构结合起来,并确保距离小于日线<c></c>ATR<c></c>值</li>\n</ol>\n<div class=\"su-alert su-alert-tips\"><strong>提示:</strong>如果你进行长线交易,则可以参考周线或月线的<c></c>ATR<c></c>值。</div>\n<h3>六、使用<c></c>ATR<c></c>识别疲软走势和市场反转</h3>\n<p>没有人可以永远保持工作状态,而不会有任何疲惫感,工作一个小时后,我们大多数人都需要休息一下才能继续奋战。市场与我们一样,需要休息很长时间才能产生动力,这意味着市场很有可能在达到极限后耗尽所有能量。</p>\n<p>现在你可能想知道:我怎么知道极限在哪里?</p>\n<p>你可以使用均幅指标进行查找,操作方法如下:</p>\n<ol>\n\t<li>识别当前的<c></c>ATR<c></c>值</li>\n\t<li>乘以<c></c>2</li>\n\t<li>如果市场价格是<c></c>ATR<c></c>值的<c></c>2<c></c>倍,则可能到达极限</li>\n</ol>\n<p>但是,我们并不建议你孤立地使用这个概念,相反,应该将其与支撑和阻力相结合,这样你就会发现,自己比其他人能够率先发现市场反转。</p>\n<p>这是一个例子:</p>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/441aac1806e809abc954cb437906835c.png\"></div>\n<div class=\"tips\">GBP/JPY<c></c>周线图 - ATR<c></c>值为<c></c>300<c></c>点</div></div>\n<p>现在,你意识到<c></c>GBP/JPY<c></c>已经移动了<c></c>500<c></c>点(接近<c></c>2<c></c>倍<c></c>ATR),并且进入支撑区域。然后,市场在日线时间框架上产生一个大型看涨吞没形态。</p>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.chiefrich.com/d/file/p/4cfc0d75fb284da552609d287be06991.png\"></div>\n<div class=\"tips\">GBP/JPY<c></c>日线图 - 产生一个看涨吞没形态</div></div>\n<p>现在,你认为会发生什么?</p>\n<p>尽管不能肯定,但市场明显具有一个精疲力竭的举动,价格进入支撑区域,并且看涨<c></c>K<c></c>线形态表明市场可能会反转走高。</p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/whcl/article-1317.html\" title=\"那些经典的外汇交易策略,其思想是如何形成的?\">那些经典的外汇交易策略,其思想是如何形成的?</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/whcl/article-1306.html\" title=\"如何设置止损?正确设置止损的方法和技巧\">如何设置止损?正确设置止损的方法和技巧</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/whcl/article-1309.html\" title=\"什么是随机指标KDJ?KDJ随机指标运用技巧和方法\">什么是随机指标KDJ?KDJ随机指标运用技巧和方法</a></li>\n    <li><a 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