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中国房地产迎制度大改革!现房销售优先、房贷最长延至40年、开发贷款改采主办银行制

2026-08-29 18:31:15 网络 阅读(1)

中国房地产制度迎来重大调整。住房和城乡建设部、自然资源部及金融监管总局周五(28日)联合发布《关于完善商品住房销售制度的通知》,针对实施30多年的商品房预售制度进行改革,明确新出让土地的商品住房项目及尚未取得建设工程规划许可证的项目,优先选择现房销售;已取得规划许可证的项目,则鼓励采用现房销售。

中国房地产迎制度大改革!现房销售优先、房贷最长延至40年、开发贷款改采主办银行制

分析指出,这代表中国房地产长期以预售为主的销售模式,正逐步转向现房与预售并行、现房销售优先的新阶段。

同日,中国人民银行与金融监管总局发布《关于改革完善房地产信贷管理 推动加快构建房地产发展新模式的意见》,中国证监会也公布《关于资本市场支持构建房地产发展新模式的意见》,另有多项房地产融资管理办法同步出台,涵盖开发贷款、个人住房贷款、商业地产贷款、城市更新及房地产信托等领域。

一系列政策集中落地,从商品房销售、银行信贷到资本市场融资,全面调整房地产发展的制度框架。

预售制度大改 现房销售成优先选项

中国商品房预售制度实施30多年,购屋者往往在房屋完工前就支付房款,开发商则透过预售提前取得资金。这种模式曾支撑房地产业快速扩张,但也使购屋者面临延期交屋、房屋与预期不符,甚至建案停工等风险。

此次新规并未全面取消预售制度,而是提高预售门槛。

根据通知,新出让土地的商品住房项目,以及已出让土地但尚未取得建设工程规划许可证的项目,优先采用现房销售;已取得建设工程规划许可证的项目,则鼓励实行现房销售。

若开发商仍采用预售方式,则必须等到房屋单体主体结构封顶后才能进行预售,购屋款也须在项目竣工验收后才能解冻。

住建部政策研究中心副主任浦湛指出,现房销售代表购屋者可以在房屋完工并通过验收后,再实际查看房屋面积、格局、品质及社区环境,进而降低交付风险。

清华大学房地产研究中心主任吴璟则认为,目前中国住房需求主要以自住、尤其是改善型需求为主。现房销售让消费者能够更直接比较房屋条件,有助于将潜在购屋需求转化为实际交易,进而改善市场信心。

预售不会消失 新旧项目采不同规则

此次改革并非直接取消预售,而是采取预售、现售双轨并行的方式。

通知明确,政策实施前已取得建设工程规划许可证的商品住房项目,如果仍采预售,其预售条件及预售资金监管将按照原有政策执行。

换言之,房地产市场将进入「新项目新办法、旧项目旧办法」的过渡阶段。

广东省住房政策研究中心首席研究员李宇嘉表示,随着预售门槛提高及预售资金监管趋严,预售与现房销售之间的制度差距将缩小,未来可能有更多项目转向现房销售。

他指出,土地及金融政策也可能成为推动房企转向现售的配套工具,例如地方政府针对现售项目优化报建审批、缩短流程或提供金融支持。

吴璟则认为,预售与现房销售两种模式将长期并存,让开发商与购屋者保有选择空间。

现房销售短期影响供给 有望改善市场信心

对于改革对房市的影响,浦湛表示,现房销售及预售门槛提高,都可能在短期内延后新增商品房供应释放。

在目前房地产市场仍处于去库存阶段的背景下,新增供应速度放缓有助于改善市场供需关系。同时,降低交付风险也有望改善购屋者预期及信心。

李宇嘉则认为,现房销售虽可能降低短期新增供应,但不代表销售量同步下降。由于目前市场销售速度已经放缓,在售库存、在建项目以及已取得规划许可但尚未开发的项目仍然较多,因此减少新增供应反而可能降低市场竞争压力。

他表示,现房销售也可能推动房地产供应结构重新调整,让市场从单纯扩大开发规模,逐步转向控制新增供应、消化既有库存及提高供给品质。

房地产信贷制度重整 建立「主办银行」制度

除了销售制度改革,中国金融监管体系也同步调整房地产融资模式。

央行与金融监管总局指出,在过去预售制度下,商品住房开始预售后,项目公司使用购屋者首付款及个人住房贷款等预售资金置换开发贷款的情况较为普遍,使开发贷款实际使用周期偏短,也增加资金封闭管理的难度。

为此,最新政策明确建立房地产开发贷款主办银行制度。

按照新规,单一房地产项目对应一家银行作为主办银行,项目存续期间,除依法监管的预售资金、定金等资金外,开发贷款、项目自有资金及现房销售资金等与项目相关的资金,都应纳入项目公司在主办银行开立的资金帐户管理。

主办银行则可单独或牵头组建银团,依据项目建设进度及风险状况分批发放开发贷款,并透过项目帐户将资金支付给交易对象。

贷款期限也将与项目建设及销售周期相匹配,覆盖从开工到竣工备案的整个阶段,首次还本日期原则上应安排在项目竣工备案后。

其中,预售项目的贷款期限原则上不超过3年,最长不超过5年;现售项目原则上不超过5年,最长不超过7年。

在资金管理方面,主办银行及项目资金帐户在开发贷款结清前原则上不得变更,进一步确保项目资金专款专用。

同时,若项目公司涉及对外负债、投资等可能影响金融债务安全的重大事项,也必须事先告知主办银行。

个人房贷放款时点延后 「能拿房、再还贷」

个人住房贷款也出现重要调整。

随着房屋建筑标准提高及施工周期拉长,过去在房屋主体结构封顶后就发放个人住房贷款的做法,被认为可能过早。若后续项目延迟交付,购屋者可能面临房屋尚未取得、却已开始偿还房贷的情况。

新规因此延后个人住房贷款发放时点。

其中,采现房销售的新建住房,个人住房贷款应在销售备案后发放;采预售模式的,则应在项目竣工备案后发放,让购屋者原则上能在取得房屋后再开始偿还贷款。

同时,个人住房贷款将采受托支付方式发放。现房销售项目的贷款资金应支付至项目公司在主办银行开立的资金帐户;预售项目则支付至项目预售资金监管帐户。

房贷最长40年 银行可更灵活调整还款安排

此次房地产信贷改革另一项受到关注的调整,是个人住房贷款期限延长。

政策将个人住房贷款最长期限由30年延长至40年,具体期限则由购屋者与商业银行协商确定。

政策希望透过延长贷款期限,提高借贷双方在房贷安排上的弹性,并合理提升贷款人的贷款能力。

此外,针对既有个人住房贷款借款人若因阶段性失去收入来源而出现还款困难,商业银行可依市场化、法治化原则与借款人协商,采取延后还款、贷款展期或延迟还本等方式调整还款计划。

房地产贷款覆盖开发、销售、营运全周期

此次信贷制度改革也重新规划房地产贷款种类,涵盖商品住房、保障性住房、租赁住房及商业地产等领域。

在开发建设阶段,银行可提供商品住房开发贷款、保障性住房开发贷款、住房租赁开发建设贷款及商业地产开发贷款等,用于房地产项目开发建设。

进入销售阶段后,则包括个人住房贷款、住房租赁团体购房贷款及商业用房购房贷款等,支持个人或企业购买房屋,用于自住、经营或租赁。

至于营运阶段,银行可提供经营性物业贷款及住房租赁经营性贷款等,配合房地产项目营运期间的合理资金需求。

政策同时设置弹性条款,未来中国人民银行与金融监管总局可依据经济社会发展需要,按照职责分工新增房地产贷款品种。

证监会同步改革 房企融资涵盖股票、债券及REITs

资本市场方面,中国证监会发布《关于资本市场支持构建房地产发展新模式的意见》,作为房地产相关资本市场融资业务的指引。

政策将改革完善房地产企业股票、债券、资产支持证券(ABS)及不动产投资信托基金(REITs)等融资制度,支持房地产企业合理融资。

金融监管总局则会同相关部门发布《商品住房开发贷款管理办法(试行)》《个人住房贷款管理办法(试行)》《商业地产贷款管理办法(试行)》《城市更新项目贷款管理办法(试行)》及《信托公司开展房地产领域信托业务管理办法(试行)》。

相关制度强调以项目为中心、主办银行制度及资金封闭管理,要求金融机构按照市场化、法治化原则,为房地产开发、建设、销售及营运提供全周期金融支持。

这也意味着房地产企业融资的管理逻辑进一步从企业本身转向具体项目,资金用途及流向受到更严格管理。

房地产「新模式」成形 从高周转转向重视交付与资金安全

从此次政策布局来看,8月28日公布的多项制度已涵盖房地产开发、销售、信贷及资本市场融资等主要环节。

过去以预售、高周转及杠杆扩张为核心的房地产运作模式,正逐步转向现房销售优先、项目融资、资金封闭管理及全周期金融支持。

上海易居房地产研究院副院长严跃进表示,此次多项政策均围绕建立房地产发展新模式,政策力度相当大。

对购屋者而言,预售门槛提高、房贷放款时间延后,以及现房销售优先,有助于降低房屋交付风险;对房企而言,融资模式则从企业整体信用进一步转向具体项目,资金调度及跨项目使用将受到更严格约束。

中国房地产市场因此正从过去的高速扩张模式,进入以项目管理、资金安全及交付品质为核心的新制度阶段。

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          "id": 61,
          "pid": 10,
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              "pid": 61,
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          "level": 1
        },
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          "id": 71,
          "pid": 10,
          "name": "经纪商 ",
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      "level": 1
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      "id": 15,
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      "target": "0",
      "status": "0",
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      "seoTitle": "",
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          "pinyin": "AI",
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      "level": 1
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      "pid": 0,
      "name": "外汇平台",
      "pinyin": "whplat",
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      "target": "0",
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      "listView": "list.html",
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      "id": 19,
      "pid": 0,
      "name": "外汇开户",
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      "pid": 0,
      "name": "外汇策略",
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      "name": "外汇入门",
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      "pid": 0,
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      "target": "0",
      "status": "0",
      "listView": "list.html",
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      "type": "0",
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      "id": 65,
      "pid": 0,
      "name": "外汇经纪商",
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          "id": 68,
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          "id": 69,
          "pid": 65,
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          "id": 70,
          "pid": 65,
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          "id": 72,
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      "id": 10,
      "pid": 0,
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      "pinyin": "home",
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      "target": "0",
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      "listView": "list.html",
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          "pid": 10,
          "name": "外汇平台排名",
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          "pid": 10,
          "name": "保险",
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          "target": "0",
          "status": "1",
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              "pid": 34,
              "name": "保险入门",
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              "target": "0",
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          "level": 1
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          "id": 35,
          "pid": 10,
          "name": "贵金属",
          "pinyin": "guijinshu",
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          "orderBy": 0,
          "target": "0",
          "status": "1",
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          "seoTitle": "",
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              "id": 49,
              "pid": 35,
              "name": "贵金属入门",
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              "orderBy": 0,
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              "id": 50,
              "pid": 35,
              "name": "贵金属投资",
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              "orderBy": 0,
              "target": "0",
              "status": "1",
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      "pid": 0,
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      "orderBy": 0,
      "target": "0",
      "status": "0",
      "listView": "list.html",
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      "seoTitle": "",
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      "type": "0",
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      "id": 32,
      "pid": 10,
      "name": "外汇平台排名",
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      "type": "0",
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      "id": 33,
      "pid": 0,
      "name": "广告招商",
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      "target": "0",
      "status": "1",
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      "seoTitle": "",
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      "id": 34,
      "pid": 10,
      "name": "保险",
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      "target": "0",
      "status": "1",
      "listView": "list.html",
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      "type": "0",
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          "pid": 34,
          "name": "保险入门",
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          "target": "0",
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      "level": 1
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      "id": 35,
      "pid": 10,
      "name": "贵金属",
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      "target": "0",
      "status": "1",
      "listView": "list.html",
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      "seoTitle": "",
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  "article": {
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    "title": "中国房地产迎制度大改革!现房销售优先、房贷最长延至40年、开发贷款改采主办银行制",
    "shortTitle": "中国房地产迎制度大改革!现房销售优先、房贷最长延至40年、开",
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    "description": "中国房地产制度迎来重大改革,预售门槛提高并优先推动现房销售,个人房贷最长延至40年,开发贷款建立主办银行及资金封闭管理制度,房地产信贷与融资体系全面调整。",
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    "content": "<p>中国房地产制度迎来重大调整。住房和城乡建设部、自然资源部及金融监管总局周五(28日)联合发布《关于完善商品住房销售制度的通知》,针对实施30多年的商品房预售制度进行改革,明确新出让土地的商品住房项目及尚未取得建设工程规划许可证的项目,优先选择现房销售;已取得规划许可证的项目,则鼓励采用现房销售。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6591482/l/a03dc6fee2c67b77afb0dbb14ac7693e.jpg\" alt=\"中国房地产迎制度大改革!现房销售优先、房贷最长延至40年、开发贷款改采主办银行制\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>分析指出,这代表中国房地产长期以预售为主的销售模式,正逐步转向现房与预售并行、现房销售优先的新阶段。</p>\n\n<p>同日,中国人民银行与金融监管总局发布《关于改革完善房地产信贷管理 推动加快构建房地产发展新模式的意见》,中国证监会也公布《关于资本市场支持构建房地产发展新模式的意见》,另有多项房地产融资管理办法同步出台,涵盖开发贷款、个人住房贷款、商业地产贷款、城市更新及房地产信托等领域。</p>\n\n<p>一系列政策集中落地,从商品房销售、银行信贷到资本市场融资,全面调整房地产发展的制度框架。</p>\n\n<h6>预售制度大改 现房销售成优先选项</h6>\n\n<p>中国商品房预售制度实施30多年,购屋者往往在房屋完工前就支付房款,开发商则透过预售提前取得资金。这种模式曾支撑房地产业快速扩张,但也使购屋者面临延期交屋、房屋与预期不符,甚至建案停工等风险。</p>\n\n<p>此次新规并未全面取消预售制度,而是提高预售门槛。</p>\n\n<p>根据通知,新出让土地的商品住房项目,以及已出让土地但尚未取得建设工程规划许可证的项目,优先采用现房销售;已取得建设工程规划许可证的项目,则鼓励实行现房销售。</p>\n\n<p>若开发商仍采用预售方式,则必须等到房屋单体主体结构封顶后才能进行预售,购屋款也须在项目竣工验收后才能解冻。</p>\n\n<p>住建部政策研究中心副主任浦湛指出,现房销售代表购屋者可以在房屋完工并通过验收后,再实际查看房屋面积、格局、品质及社区环境,进而降低交付风险。</p>\n\n<p>清华大学房地产研究中心主任吴璟则认为,目前中国住房需求主要以自住、尤其是改善型需求为主。现房销售让消费者能够更直接比较房屋条件,有助于将潜在购屋需求转化为实际交易,进而改善市场信心。</p>\n\n<h6>预售不会消失 新旧项目采不同规则</h6>\n\n<p>此次改革并非直接取消预售,而是采取预售、现售双轨并行的方式。</p>\n\n<p>通知明确,政策实施前已取得建设工程规划许可证的商品住房项目,如果仍采预售,其预售条件及预售资金监管将按照原有政策执行。</p>\n\n<p>换言之,房地产市场将进入「新项目新办法、旧项目旧办法」的过渡阶段。</p>\n\n<p>广东省住房政策研究中心首席研究员李宇嘉表示,随着预售门槛提高及预售资金监管趋严,预售与现房销售之间的制度差距将缩小,未来可能有更多项目转向现房销售。</p>\n\n<p>他指出,土地及金融政策也可能成为推动房企转向现售的配套工具,例如地方政府针对现售项目优化报建审批、缩短流程或提供金融支持。</p>\n\n<p>吴璟则认为,预售与现房销售两种模式将长期并存,让开发商与购屋者保有选择空间。</p>\n\n<h6>现房销售短期影响供给 有望改善市场信心</h6>\n\n<p>对于改革对房市的影响,浦湛表示,现房销售及预售门槛提高,都可能在短期内延后新增商品房供应释放。</p>\n\n<p>在目前房地产市场仍处于去库存阶段的背景下,新增供应速度放缓有助于改善市场供需关系。同时,降低交付风险也有望改善购屋者预期及信心。</p>\n\n<p>李宇嘉则认为,现房销售虽可能降低短期新增供应,但不代表销售量同步下降。由于目前市场销售速度已经放缓,在售库存、在建项目以及已取得规划许可但尚未开发的项目仍然较多,因此减少新增供应反而可能降低市场竞争压力。</p>\n\n<p>他表示,现房销售也可能推动房地产供应结构重新调整,让市场从单纯扩大开发规模,逐步转向控制新增供应、消化既有库存及提高供给品质。</p>\n\n<h6>房地产信贷制度重整 建立「主办银行」制度</h6>\n\n<p>除了销售制度改革,中国金融监管体系也同步调整房地产融资模式。</p>\n\n<p>央行与金融监管总局指出,在过去预售制度下,商品住房开始预售后,项目公司使用购屋者首付款及个人住房贷款等预售资金置换开发贷款的情况较为普遍,使开发贷款实际使用周期偏短,也增加资金封闭管理的难度。</p>\n\n<p>为此,最新政策明确建立房地产开发贷款主办银行制度。</p>\n\n<p>按照新规,单一房地产项目对应一家银行作为主办银行,项目存续期间,除依法监管的预售资金、定金等资金外,开发贷款、项目自有资金及现房销售资金等与项目相关的资金,都应纳入项目公司在主办银行开立的资金帐户管理。</p>\n\n<p>主办银行则可单独或牵头组建银团,依据项目建设进度及风险状况分批发放开发贷款,并透过项目帐户将资金支付给交易对象。</p>\n\n<p>贷款期限也将与项目建设及销售周期相匹配,覆盖从开工到竣工备案的整个阶段,首次还本日期原则上应安排在项目竣工备案后。</p>\n\n<p>其中,预售项目的贷款期限原则上不超过3年,最长不超过5年;现售项目原则上不超过5年,最长不超过7年。</p>\n\n<p>在资金管理方面,主办银行及项目资金帐户在开发贷款结清前原则上不得变更,进一步确保项目资金专款专用。</p>\n\n<p>同时,若项目公司涉及对外负债、投资等可能影响金融债务安全的重大事项,也必须事先告知主办银行。</p>\n\n<h6>个人房贷放款时点延后 「能拿房、再还贷」</h6>\n\n<p>个人住房贷款也出现重要调整。</p>\n\n<p>随着房屋建筑标准提高及施工周期拉长,过去在房屋主体结构封顶后就发放个人住房贷款的做法,被认为可能过早。若后续项目延迟交付,购屋者可能面临房屋尚未取得、却已开始偿还房贷的情况。</p>\n\n<p>新规因此延后个人住房贷款发放时点。</p>\n\n<p>其中,采现房销售的新建住房,个人住房贷款应在销售备案后发放;采预售模式的,则应在项目竣工备案后发放,让购屋者原则上能在取得房屋后再开始偿还贷款。</p>\n\n<p>同时,个人住房贷款将采受托支付方式发放。现房销售项目的贷款资金应支付至项目公司在主办银行开立的资金帐户;预售项目则支付至项目预售资金监管帐户。</p>\n\n<h6>房贷最长40年 银行可更灵活调整还款安排</h6>\n\n<p>此次房地产信贷改革另一项受到关注的调整,是个人住房贷款期限延长。</p>\n\n<p>政策将个人住房贷款最长期限由30年延长至40年,具体期限则由购屋者与商业银行协商确定。</p>\n\n<p>政策希望透过延长贷款期限,提高借贷双方在房贷安排上的弹性,并合理提升贷款人的贷款能力。</p>\n\n<p>此外,针对既有个人住房贷款借款人若因阶段性失去收入来源而出现还款困难,商业银行可依市场化、法治化原则与借款人协商,采取延后还款、贷款展期或延迟还本等方式调整还款计划。</p>\n\n<h6>房地产贷款覆盖开发、销售、营运全周期</h6>\n\n<p>此次信贷制度改革也重新规划房地产贷款种类,涵盖商品住房、保障性住房、租赁住房及商业地产等领域。</p>\n\n<p>在开发建设阶段,银行可提供商品住房开发贷款、保障性住房开发贷款、住房租赁开发建设贷款及商业地产开发贷款等,用于房地产项目开发建设。</p>\n\n<p>进入销售阶段后,则包括个人住房贷款、住房租赁团体购房贷款及商业用房购房贷款等,支持个人或企业购买房屋,用于自住、经营或租赁。</p>\n\n<p>至于营运阶段,银行可提供经营性物业贷款及住房租赁经营性贷款等,配合房地产项目营运期间的合理资金需求。</p>\n\n<p>政策同时设置弹性条款,未来中国人民银行与金融监管总局可依据经济社会发展需要,按照职责分工新增房地产贷款品种。</p>\n\n<h6>证监会同步改革 房企融资涵盖股票、债券及REITs</h6>\n\n<p>资本市场方面,中国证监会发布《关于资本市场支持构建房地产发展新模式的意见》,作为房地产相关资本市场融资业务的指引。</p>\n\n<p>政策将改革完善房地产企业股票、债券、资产支持证券(ABS)及不动产投资信托基金(REITs)等融资制度,支持房地产企业合理融资。</p>\n\n<p>金融监管总局则会同相关部门发布《商品住房开发贷款管理办法(试行)》《个人住房贷款管理办法(试行)》《商业地产贷款管理办法(试行)》《城市更新项目贷款管理办法(试行)》及《信托公司开展房地产领域信托业务管理办法(试行)》。</p>\n\n<p>相关制度强调以项目为中心、主办银行制度及资金封闭管理,要求金融机构按照市场化、法治化原则,为房地产开发、建设、销售及营运提供全周期金融支持。</p>\n\n<p>这也意味着房地产企业融资的管理逻辑进一步从企业本身转向具体项目,资金用途及流向受到更严格管理。</p>\n\n<h6>房地产「新模式」成形 从高周转转向重视交付与资金安全</h6>\n\n<p>从此次政策布局来看,8月28日公布的多项制度已涵盖房地产开发、销售、信贷及资本市场融资等主要环节。</p>\n\n<p>过去以预售、高周转及杠杆扩张为核心的房地产运作模式,正逐步转向现房销售优先、项目融资、资金封闭管理及全周期金融支持。</p>\n\n<p>上海易居房地产研究院副院长严跃进表示,此次多项政策均围绕建立房地产发展新模式,政策力度相当大。</p>\n\n<p>对购屋者而言,预售门槛提高、房贷放款时间延后,以及现房销售优先,有助于降低房屋交付风险;对房企而言,融资模式则从企业整体信用进一步转向具体项目,资金调度及跨项目使用将受到更严格约束。</p>\n\n<p>中国房地产市场因此正从过去的高速扩张模式,进入以项目管理、资金安全及交付品质为核心的新制度阶段。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-13296.html\" 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