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Meta CTO谈Muse:AI正从「直接操控」走向「理解意图」、AGI仍远

2026-11-10 03:57:22 网络 阅读(72)

Meta(META-US) 首席技术长Andrew Bosworth近日谈及公司人工智慧(AI)助手Muse及整体AI策略,认为当前AI产业过度关注模型基准测试表现,却忽略使用者真正重视的互动体验。他指出,AI的发展正让人机互动从「直接操控」转向「理解意图」,甚至可能让自然语言成为新的程式语言。

Meta CTO谈Muse:AI正从「直接操控」走向「理解意图」、AGI仍远

Bosworth周四(24日)在一档Podcast节目中表示,Muse在内部测试期间便获得他的高度肯定,他很快将大量工作转移至这套平台。正式推出后,外部使用者的反应也与Meta内部预期相符,让团队受到鼓舞。

他强调,Muse的核心优势并不在於单纯追求模型原始能力最大化,而是思考如何让人类更有效率地使用AI工具。

AI不该只比跑分 Muse主打互动体验

Bosworth直指,目前AI产业花费大量时间讨论模型科学,以及不同模型在基准测试中领先10%或20%,但对多数使用者而言,这些数字并非最重要。

他认为,真正关键的是「对话的质感」以及使用者是否信任AI。

因此,Meta在取得强大的基础模型后,并未只着眼于提升原始性能,而是进一步调整Muse的使用体验,包括对话节奏、语气,以及具备视觉回馈功能的「小角色」。

Bosworth表示,这个角色并非单纯的装饰,对于并非科技早期采用者的使用者而言,它能协助解决一项基本问题,也就是让使用者知道「AI现在是否正在工作,以及应该如何与它互动」。

Muse另一项特色,是会主动提供反驳观点,在提出建议后进一步呈现另一种看法。Bosworth表示,他尚未在其他主流模型中看到相同功能。

从「直接操控」走向「理解意图」

Bosworth将Muse及AI助手视为人机互动模式的一次重大转变。

他回顾,帕罗奥多研究中心(Xerox PARC)当年为Alto电脑开发图形使用者介面后,「直接操控」逐渐成为主流,之后Mac与Windows延续这套逻辑。过去数十年间,使用者习惯透过点击、视窗及应用程式等方式与电脑互动。

Bosworth以关闭视窗为例指出,即使滑鼠只偏离「X」按钮一个像素,电脑也可能无法理解使用者想关闭视窗的意图;但人类即使只是看到这个动作,也能理解对方想做什么。

在他看来,AI的价值就在于改变过去「人适应机器」的互动方式,让系统开始理解使用者意图,而不再只等待精确指令。

他将这项转变比喻为程式语言不断抽象化的过程,从机器码、组合语言一路发展到Python,而自然语言可能成为下一种程式语言。

这项趋势也已出现在Meta的AR、VR眼镜产品上。Bosworth表示,AI助手可以整合至系统层,让使用者透过自然语言操作空间介面,而不必手动移动面板。

Meta强化「私密AI处理」 强调敏感资讯安全

在AI隐私方面,Bosworth也谈到Meta推出的「私密处理」机制。

按照其说法,使用者装置与Meta伺服器之间的通讯采用端对端加密,资料送至伺服器后,只会在「可信任执行环境」(Trusted Execution Environment)中解密处理,即使伺服器操作人员也无法取得处理内容,且处理完成后不会在伺服器端留下纪录。

使用者的上下文资讯则保存在本地装置,由使用者自行控制。

Bosworth坦言,这项架构存在产品上的取舍,包括AI无法跨不同对话保留记忆,但他认为,对于涉及高度敏感资讯的使用情境而言,这项取舍值得。

Meta在相关架构开发过程中,也找来Signal协议创办人Moxie Marlinspike参与合作,并计划发布白皮书,供独立安全研究人员检验,同时设立漏洞奖金计划。

谈到外界对AI的信任问题时,Bosworth以微软为例指出,该公司在1990年代末期曾因安全问题受到批评,但10年后已成为业界安全标竿。

他表示:「信任是步行而来,骑马而去。」重建信任需要长期保持一致,并持续达到或超越使用者预期。

Bosworth对AI灭绝论持保留态度 认为AGI仍有距离

对于近期社群媒体流传的AI可能导致人类灭绝论,Bosworth表示,他无法认定这种可能性的机率为零,但自己并未看到这种可能性。

他表示,自己长期从事这项技术,对AI底层机制有相当深入的理解,因此对其感到放心。

至于通用人工智慧(AGI),Bosworth则对目前产业普遍存在的乐观预期持保留态度。他认为,业界可能产生「即将解决问题」的错觉,而类似情况在AI发展史上曾反复出现。

他以1970年代达特茅斯会议(Dartmouth Conference)为例,当时与会人士曾认为AGI可在10年内实现。Bosworth表示,他认为距离目前所称的AGI「还有相当长的距离」。

在AI是否具备意识及AI对齐问题上,Bosworth的看法接近电脑科学家杨立昆(Yann LeCun)的看法。

他不认为目前AI具有意识,并警告将AI拟人化、赋予AI情感或意识,可能对AI对齐造成负面影响。

他将「对齐」简化为一个实际问题,即工具是否会按照使用者希望的方式运作。他认为,如果AI无法做到这一点,使用者自然不会使用它,而这种来自使用者的选择,本身就是一项强大的约束。

Meta强调AI开放 Bosworth支持「AI属于所有人」

谈到Meta的开源AI策略时,Bosworth将其放在公司早期使命的脉络中。他援引Meta最初的使命宣言「给予人们力量,让世界更加开放和互联」,并认为其中更重要的核心是「给予人们力量」,而不只是开放或互联本身。

Bosworth表示,从长期来看,将AI集中在少数几家公司手中,并不是维持社会运作的方式。他也明确支持Meta执行长祖克柏(Mark Zuckerberg)近期提出的「AI属于所有人」理念。

在产品方面,Meta已推出Muse Glimmer,这是Muse Spark的蒸馏版本,并以开源形式对外发布。

不过,Bosworth也承认,蒸馏训练存在争议。这项技术利用大型模型的输出训练较小模型,可以避开原始资料训练所需的庞大成本,因此在AI产业引发有关智慧财产权及资源公平性的讨论。

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Meta强化私密AI处理与开源策略,Bosworth称AGI仍远、也不认为AI具意识。",
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    "content": "<p>Meta(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:META:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">META-US</a>) 首席技术长Andrew Bosworth近日谈及公司人工智慧(AI)助手Muse及整体AI策略,认为当前AI产业过度关注模型基准测试表现,却忽略使用者真正重视的互动体验。他指出,AI的发展正让人机互动从「直接操控」转向「理解意图」,甚至可能让自然语言成为新的程式语言。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6615876/l/d99c75223f71c2fee282b7ad81ae0c84.jpg\" alt=\"Meta CTO谈Muse:AI正从「直接操控」走向「理解意图」、AGI仍远\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>Bosworth周四(24日)在一档Podcast节目中表示,Muse在内部测试期间便获得他的高度肯定,他很快将大量工作转移至这套平台。正式推出后,外部使用者的反应也与Meta内部预期相符,让团队受到鼓舞。</p>\n\n<p>他强调,Muse的核心优势并不在於单纯追求模型原始能力最大化,而是思考如何让人类更有效率地使用AI工具。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>AI</strong><strong>不该只比</strong><strong>跑</strong><strong>分</strong><strong> Muse</strong><strong>主打互动体验</strong></h6>\n\n<p>Bosworth直指,目前AI产业花费大量时间讨论模型科学,以及不同模型在基准测试中领先10%或20%,但对多数使用者而言,这些数字并非最重要。</p>\n\n<p>他认为,真正关键的是「对话的质感」以及使用者是否信任AI。</p>\n\n<p>因此,Meta在取得强大的基础模型后,并未只着眼于提升原始性能,而是进一步调整Muse的使用体验,包括对话节奏、语气,以及具备视觉回馈功能的「小角色」。</p>\n\n<p>Bosworth表示,这个角色并非单纯的装饰,对于并非科技早期采用者的使用者而言,它能协助解决一项基本问题,也就是让使用者知道「AI现在是否正在工作,以及应该如何与它互动」。</p>\n\n<p>Muse另一项特色,是会主动提供反驳观点,在提出建议后进一步呈现另一种看法。Bosworth表示,他尚未在其他主流模型中看到相同功能。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>从「直接操控」走向「理解意图」</strong></h6>\n\n<p>Bosworth将Muse及AI助手视为人机互动模式的一次重大转变。</p>\n\n<p>他回顾,帕罗奥多研究中心(Xerox PARC)当年为Alto电脑开发图形使用者介面后,「直接操控」逐渐成为主流,之后Mac与Windows延续这套逻辑。过去数十年间,使用者习惯透过点击、视窗及应用程式等方式与电脑互动。</p>\n\n<p>Bosworth以关闭视窗为例指出,即使滑鼠只偏离「X」按钮一个像素,电脑也可能无法理解使用者想关闭视窗的意图;但人类即使只是看到这个动作,也能理解对方想做什么。</p>\n\n<p>在他看来,AI的价值就在于改变过去「人适应机器」的互动方式,让系统开始理解使用者意图,而不再只等待精确指令。</p>\n\n<p>他将这项转变比喻为程式语言不断抽象化的过程,从机器码、组合语言一路发展到Python,而自然语言可能成为下一种程式语言。</p>\n\n<p>这项趋势也已出现在Meta的AR、VR眼镜产品上。Bosworth表示,AI助手可以整合至系统层,让使用者透过自然语言操作空间介面,而不必手动移动面板。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>Meta</strong><strong>强</strong><strong>化「私密</strong><strong>AI</strong><strong>处理」 </strong><strong>强</strong><strong>调敏感资讯安全</strong></h6>\n\n<p>在AI隐私方面,Bosworth也谈到Meta推出的「私密处理」机制。</p>\n\n<p>按照其说法,使用者装置与Meta伺服器之间的通讯采用端对端加密,资料送至伺服器后,只会在「可信任执行环境」(Trusted Execution Environment)中解密处理,即使伺服器操作人员也无法取得处理内容,且处理完成后不会在伺服器端留下纪录。</p>\n\n<p>使用者的上下文资讯则保存在本地装置,由使用者自行控制。</p>\n\n<p>Bosworth坦言,这项架构存在产品上的取舍,包括AI无法跨不同对话保留记忆,但他认为,对于涉及高度敏感资讯的使用情境而言,这项取舍值得。</p>\n\n<p>Meta在相关架构开发过程中,也找来Signal协议创办人Moxie Marlinspike参与合作,并计划发布白皮书,供独立安全研究人员检验,同时设立漏洞奖金计划。</p>\n\n<p>谈到外界对AI的信任问题时,Bosworth以微软为例指出,该公司在1990年代末期曾因安全问题受到批评,但10年后已成为业界安全标竿。</p>\n\n<p>他表示:「信任是步行而来,骑马而去。」重建信任需要长期保持一致,并持续达到或超越使用者预期。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>Bosworth</strong><strong>对</strong><strong>AI</strong><strong>灭</strong><strong>绝</strong><strong>论持保留态度 认</strong><strong>为</strong><strong>AGI</strong><strong>仍有距离</strong></h6>\n\n<p>对于近期社群媒体流传的AI可能导致人类灭绝论,Bosworth表示,他无法认定这种可能性的机率为零,但自己并未看到这种可能性。</p>\n\n<p>他表示,自己长期从事这项技术,对AI底层机制有相当深入的理解,因此对其感到放心。</p>\n\n<p>至于通用人工智慧(AGI),Bosworth则对目前产业普遍存在的乐观预期持保留态度。他认为,业界可能产生「即将解决问题」的错觉,而类似情况在AI发展史上曾反复出现。</p>\n\n<p>他以1970年代达特茅斯会议(Dartmouth Conference)为例,当时与会人士曾认为AGI可在10年内实现。Bosworth表示,他认为距离目前所称的AGI「还有相当长的距离」。</p>\n\n<p>在AI是否具备意识及AI对齐问题上,Bosworth的看法接近电脑科学家杨立昆(Yann LeCun)的看法。</p>\n\n<p>他不认为目前AI具有意识,并警告将AI拟人化、赋予AI情感或意识,可能对AI对齐造成负面影响。</p>\n\n<p>他将「对齐」简化为一个实际问题,即工具是否会按照使用者希望的方式运作。他认为,如果AI无法做到这一点,使用者自然不会使用它,而这种来自使用者的选择,本身就是一项强大的约束。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>Meta</strong><strong>强</strong><strong>调</strong><strong>AI</strong><strong>开放 </strong><strong>Bosworth</strong><strong>支持「</strong><strong>AI</strong><strong>属于所有人」</strong></h6>\n\n<p>谈到Meta的开源AI策略时,Bosworth将其放在公司早期使命的脉络中。他援引Meta最初的使命宣言「给予人们力量,让世界更加开放和互联」,并认为其中更重要的核心是「给予人们力量」,而不只是开放或互联本身。</p>\n\n<p>Bosworth表示,从长期来看,将AI集中在少数几家公司手中,并不是维持社会运作的方式。他也明确支持Meta执行长祖克柏(Mark Zuckerberg)近期提出的「AI属于所有人」理念。</p>\n\n<p>在产品方面,Meta已推出Muse Glimmer,这是Muse Spark的蒸馏版本,并以开源形式对外发布。</p>\n\n<p>不过,Bosworth也承认,蒸馏训练存在争议。这项技术利用大型模型的输出训练较小模型,可以避开原始资料训练所需的庞大成本,因此在AI产业引发有关智慧财产权及资源公平性的讨论。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-1836.html\" title=\"下一家兆美元晶片巨头!大摩点名受惠代理型AI 激励AMD涨逾4% 今年狂飙153%\">下一家兆美元晶片巨头!大摩点名受惠代理型AI 激励AMD涨逾4% 今年狂飙153%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-21560.html\" title=\"AI订单不缺 缺的是钱!黄仁勋揭新云端业者扩张困境\">AI订单不缺 缺的是钱!黄仁勋揭新云端业者扩张困境</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-276.html\" title=\"辉达 vs. Cerebras!投资人该选哪一档AI概念股?\">辉达 vs. Cerebras!投资人该选哪一档AI概念股?</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-23337.html\" title=\"SemiAnalysis:OpenAI与Anthropic正在抢光全球新增算力\">SemiAnalysis:OpenAI与Anthropic正在抢光全球新增算力</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-16843.html\" title=\"英美深化AI国防合作 柏南赴联大宣布新伙伴关系\">英美深化AI国防合作 柏南赴联大宣布新伙伴关系</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-1574.html\" title=\"一边创新高一边疏散!SK海力士清州厂起火致有毒气体泄漏 7人送医3600人撤离\">一边创新高一边疏散!SK海力士清州厂起火致有毒气体泄漏 7人送医3600人撤离</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-09-25T16:40:04.000Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-11-09T19:57:22.000Z"
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