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AI资产化遇最大考验!辉达5000亿美元融资恐遭中国晶片狙击

2026-10-04 16:00:11 网络 阅读(117)

辉达 (NVDA-US) 创办人暨执行长黄仁勋正试图为 AI 产业建立一套全新的融资模式,将 GPU 与资料中心视为类似商用不动产、仓储或收费公路等可以用来借贷的生产性资产。不过,这项规模高达 5000 亿美元的 AI 融资计划正面临一项关键风险,即中国 AI 晶片产业快速扩张,若未来中国以低价晶片抢占市场,可能导致 GPU 价格与抵押品价值快速下滑,进而威胁华尔街投入的大笔资金。

AI资产化遇最大考验!辉达5000亿美元融资恐遭中国晶片狙击

辉达近期宣布与全球 6 大资产管理及金融机构达成协议,包括贝莱德 (BLK-US)、黑石(BX-US)、阿波罗全球管理(APO-US)、KKR(KKR-US)、布鲁克菲尔德资产管理(BAM-US) 及高盛(GS-US),目标是建立规模达 5000 亿美元的第三方融资资金池,用于协助缺乏足够现金或信用评级的企业建设资料中心、AI 运算丛集并采购 GPU。

黄仁勋表示,辉达的 AI 工厂平台已经是一种「可投资资产」及「基础设施资产」,原因在于这些运算设备能够生产价值、创造收入,而且具有可替代性,同时被几乎所有主要云端服务供应商采用,并可以运行各种 AI 模型。

这项构想的核心,是改变金融市场对 GPU 的传统认知。

在传统资产抵押融资中,银行愿意提供贷款,主要是因为借款人违约后,银行可以收回建筑物、仓库或货轮等资产,再透过成熟的二级市场出售并收回部分资金。这类实体资产通常可以使用数十年,而且市场对其残值具有较明确的判断。

但最新一代 GPU 究竟能维持多少年的经济价值,目前仍存在高度不确定性。

随着新一代 AI 晶片不断推出,最新 GPU 通常优先用于前沿 AI 模型训练,但几年后可能逐渐转向利润率较低的 AI 推论工作。这种使用场景的转换可能直接影响 GPU 的二手价格、租赁收益以及作为贷款抵押品的价值。

FedWatch Advisors 创办人 Ben Emons 表示,折旧是这项融资模式面临的关键风险。他指出,辉达晶片的折旧速度可能比市场预期更快,一旦如此,GPU 就很难像商用不动产一样维持长期且稳定的抵押价值。

而 Emons 认为,这项计划最大的潜在威胁可能来自中国。

中国正快速扩大本土 AI 运算能力,如果中国晶片制造商持续提高产量,甚至透过低价策略向全球市场输出晶片,可能引发 AI 硬体价格战。若大量低成本中国晶片进入市场,辉达 GPU 的价格可能快速下降,进而导致数千亿美元私人贷款背后的抵押品价值缩水。

对金融机构而言,问题在于 GPU 的价格可能在贷款期限内快速下跌。若抵押品贬值速度快于贷款本金下降速度,一旦借款人违约,投资人即使收回 GPU,也可能无法透过出售二手晶片弥补贷款损失。

因此,Emons 估计,投资人可能不会按照房地产等长期资产的方式为 GPU 提供低成本融资,而是把 GPU 视为高折旧设备,要求更高的报酬率。他估计,视投资人在资本结构中的顺位不同,相关资产可能需要 11% 至 17% 的高收益率才能吸引资金。

另一项风险则来自借款人的信用品质。

根据美银证券分析,这类融资的潜在借款人可能包括无法进入传统债券市场的非投资级企业,其中包括 AI 新创公司与「新云」业者。这些企业虽然需要大量 GPU 建立运算能力,但本身可能缺乏足够的资产负债表实力。

如果这类高风险借款人最终无法偿还债务,华尔街资产管理公司就可能被迫接管 GPU,再将使用过的晶片重新出售。但如果届时市场正处于晶片价格下跌周期,金融机构可能面临抵押品价值不足的问题。

不过,中国因素短期内仍不太可能立即冲击辉达的融资模式。

目前中国 AI 晶片市场仍受到美国出口管制影响。中国主要 AI 晶片供应商华为自 2019 年起便被美国商务部列入实体清单。美国政府今年 5 月更表示,华为 Ascend 系列 AI 晶片涉及违反美国出口管制规定,进一步限制美国企业使用相关晶片。

在此背景下,辉达目前仍是美国 AI 晶片市场的绝对领导者。按照多数市场估计,辉达目前在美国 AI 晶片市场的市占率超过 75%。

而且目前 GPU 需求与租赁市场仍对黄仁勋有利。

随着超大规模云端业者积极扩建 AI 资料中心,市场对 GPU 运算能力的需求仍然强劲。黄仁勋指出,辉达 H100 GPU 的租赁价格已从 2025 年底每 GPU 每小时约 1.70 美元,上升至今年约 2.35 美元,显示高阶 AI 运算能力仍处于供不应求状态。

这种高租赁价格也是辉达试图将 GPU 金融资产化的重要依据。

如果 GPU 可以持续被租赁并产生现金流,那么金融机构就不必只依靠晶片的二手残值评估其价值,而可以根据 GPU 未来产生的收入能力进行融资。这与商用不动产依靠租金收入支撑资产价值的逻辑相当类似。

辉达另一项重要护城河则是 CUDA 软体生态系。

CUDA 是辉达打造的软体平台,可让开发者在其 GPU 上运行 AI 及其他高效能运算工作负载。辉达认为,CUDA 持续更新与优化,可以让既有硬体在部署后维持较高的运算效率,使旧款 GPU 即使不再适合最前沿的 AI 模型训练,仍能在推论及其他工作负载中继续产生收入。

换言之,辉达的金融化构想并不完全建立在「GPU 本身能使用多久」,而是建立在「GPU 在整个软硬体生态系中能持续产生多少现金流」。

这也成为 5000 亿美元融资计划能否成功的核心问题。

如果 AI 模型需求持续快速增加,GPU 租赁价格维持高位,新一代晶片推出后旧 GPU 仍能转向推论市场,金融机构便可能将 AI 运算设备视为具有长期收益能力的基础设施,进一步降低 AI 企业取得资本的门槛。

但如果中国 AI 晶片产能快速增加,低价硬体大举进入市场,或者新一代 GPU 性能提升速度远超预期,使旧晶片快速失去经济价值,辉达的折旧速度就可能大幅提高。届时,金融机构面对的将不再是稳定产生租金的不动产,而可能是一批迅速贬值的高科技设备。

因此,黄仁勋目前的赌注不只是辉达下一代晶片能否继续领先,也包括 AI 运算设备能否从快速折旧的电子产品,转变成可以支撑数千亿美元债务的长期生产性资产。

对辉达而言,这项计划若成功,将可能把 AI 基础设施融资推向全新的市场规模,让更多 AI 新创企业、云端服务商及企业客户在不大幅占用自身资产负债表的情况下取得 GPU 与资料中心资金。

但对华尔街投资人而言,5000 亿美元的背后同样代表一项巨大的抵押品风险。未来 AI 需求、GPU 租赁价格、晶片折旧速度,以及中国 AI 硬体的产能与价格策略,都可能决定这场 AI 金融化实验最终会成为新的基础设施融资模式,还是一场规模庞大的资产价格豪赌。

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    "description": "辉达试图联手华尔街打造 5000 亿美元 AI 基础设施融资市场,将 GPU 视为可产生收入的长期资产,但中国晶片产能扩张若引发价格战,可能加速旧 GPU 贬值并侵蚀抵押品价值。",
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    "content": "<p>辉达 (NVDA-US) 创办人暨执行长黄仁勋正试图为 AI 产业建立一套全新的融资模式,将 GPU 与资料中心视为类似商用不动产、仓储或收费公路等可以用来借贷的生产性资产。不过,这项规模高达 5000 亿美元的 AI 融资计划正面临一项关键风险,即中国 AI 晶片产业快速扩张,若未来中国以低价晶片抢占市场,可能导致 GPU 价格与抵押品价值快速下滑,进而威胁华尔街投入的大笔资金。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6572111/l/131dc906b22e22d91b7adf9cca637d04.jpg\" alt=\"AI资产化遇最大考验!辉达5000亿美元融资恐遭中国晶片狙击\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>辉达近期宣布与全球 6 大资产管理及金融机构达成协议,包括贝莱德 (BLK-US)、黑石(BX-US)、阿波罗全球管理(APO-US)、KKR(KKR-US)、布鲁克菲尔德资产管理(BAM-US) 及高盛(GS-US),目标是建立规模达 5000 亿美元的第三方融资资金池,用于协助缺乏足够现金或信用评级的企业建设资料中心、AI 运算丛集并采购 GPU。</p>\n\n<p>黄仁勋表示,辉达的 AI 工厂平台已经是一种「可投资资产」及「基础设施资产」,原因在于这些运算设备能够生产价值、创造收入,而且具有可替代性,同时被几乎所有主要云端服务供应商采用,并可以运行各种 AI 模型。</p>\n\n<p>这项构想的核心,是改变金融市场对 GPU 的传统认知。</p>\n\n<p>在传统资产抵押融资中,银行愿意提供贷款,主要是因为借款人违约后,银行可以收回建筑物、仓库或货轮等资产,再透过成熟的二级市场出售并收回部分资金。这类实体资产通常可以使用数十年,而且市场对其残值具有较明确的判断。</p>\n\n<p>但最新一代 GPU 究竟能维持多少年的经济价值,目前仍存在高度不确定性。</p>\n\n<p>随着新一代 AI 晶片不断推出,最新 GPU 通常优先用于前沿 AI 模型训练,但几年后可能逐渐转向利润率较低的 AI 推论工作。这种使用场景的转换可能直接影响 GPU 的二手价格、租赁收益以及作为贷款抵押品的价值。</p>\n\n<p>FedWatch Advisors 创办人 Ben Emons 表示,折旧是这项融资模式面临的关键风险。他指出,辉达晶片的折旧速度可能比市场预期更快,一旦如此,GPU 就很难像商用不动产一样维持长期且稳定的抵押价值。</p>\n\n<p>而 Emons 认为,这项计划最大的潜在威胁可能来自中国。</p>\n\n<p>中国正快速扩大本土 AI 运算能力,如果中国晶片制造商持续提高产量,甚至透过低价策略向全球市场输出晶片,可能引发 AI 硬体价格战。若大量低成本中国晶片进入市场,辉达 GPU 的价格可能快速下降,进而导致数千亿美元私人贷款背后的抵押品价值缩水。</p>\n\n<p>对金融机构而言,问题在于 GPU 的价格可能在贷款期限内快速下跌。若抵押品贬值速度快于贷款本金下降速度,一旦借款人违约,投资人即使收回 GPU,也可能无法透过出售二手晶片弥补贷款损失。</p>\n\n<p>因此,Emons 估计,投资人可能不会按照房地产等长期资产的方式为 GPU 提供低成本融资,而是把 GPU 视为高折旧设备,要求更高的报酬率。他估计,视投资人在资本结构中的顺位不同,相关资产可能需要 11% 至 17% 的高收益率才能吸引资金。</p>\n\n<p>另一项风险则来自借款人的信用品质。</p>\n\n<p>根据美银证券分析,这类融资的潜在借款人可能包括无法进入传统债券市场的非投资级企业,其中包括 AI 新创公司与「新云」业者。这些企业虽然需要大量 GPU 建立运算能力,但本身可能缺乏足够的资产负债表实力。</p>\n\n<p>如果这类高风险借款人最终无法偿还债务,华尔街资产管理公司就可能被迫接管 GPU,再将使用过的晶片重新出售。但如果届时市场正处于晶片价格下跌周期,金融机构可能面临抵押品价值不足的问题。</p>\n\n<p>不过,中国因素短期内仍不太可能立即冲击辉达的融资模式。</p>\n\n<p>目前中国 AI 晶片市场仍受到美国出口管制影响。中国主要 AI 晶片供应商华为自 2019 年起便被美国商务部列入实体清单。美国政府今年 5 月更表示,华为 Ascend 系列 AI 晶片涉及违反美国出口管制规定,进一步限制美国企业使用相关晶片。</p>\n\n<p>在此背景下,辉达目前仍是美国 AI 晶片市场的绝对领导者。按照多数市场估计,辉达目前在美国 AI 晶片市场的市占率超过 75%。</p>\n\n<p>而且目前 GPU 需求与租赁市场仍对黄仁勋有利。</p>\n\n<p>随着超大规模云端业者积极扩建 AI 资料中心,市场对 GPU 运算能力的需求仍然强劲。黄仁勋指出,辉达 H100 GPU 的租赁价格已从 2025 年底每 GPU 每小时约 1.70 美元,上升至今年约 2.35 美元,显示高阶 AI 运算能力仍处于供不应求状态。</p>\n\n<p>这种高租赁价格也是辉达试图将 GPU 金融资产化的重要依据。</p>\n\n<p>如果 GPU 可以持续被租赁并产生现金流,那么金融机构就不必只依靠晶片的二手残值评估其价值,而可以根据 GPU 未来产生的收入能力进行融资。这与商用不动产依靠租金收入支撑资产价值的逻辑相当类似。</p>\n\n<p>辉达另一项重要护城河则是 CUDA 软体生态系。</p>\n\n<p>CUDA 是辉达打造的软体平台,可让开发者在其 GPU 上运行 AI 及其他高效能运算工作负载。辉达认为,CUDA 持续更新与优化,可以让既有硬体在部署后维持较高的运算效率,使旧款 GPU 即使不再适合最前沿的 AI 模型训练,仍能在推论及其他工作负载中继续产生收入。</p>\n\n<p>换言之,辉达的金融化构想并不完全建立在「GPU 本身能使用多久」,而是建立在「GPU 在整个软硬体生态系中能持续产生多少现金流」。</p>\n\n<p>这也成为 5000 亿美元融资计划能否成功的核心问题。</p>\n\n<p>如果 AI 模型需求持续快速增加,GPU 租赁价格维持高位,新一代晶片推出后旧 GPU 仍能转向推论市场,金融机构便可能将 AI 运算设备视为具有长期收益能力的基础设施,进一步降低 AI 企业取得资本的门槛。</p>\n\n<p>但如果中国 AI 晶片产能快速增加,低价硬体大举进入市场,或者新一代 GPU 性能提升速度远超预期,使旧晶片快速失去经济价值,辉达的折旧速度就可能大幅提高。届时,金融机构面对的将不再是稳定产生租金的不动产,而可能是一批迅速贬值的高科技设备。</p>\n\n<p>因此,黄仁勋目前的赌注不只是辉达下一代晶片能否继续领先,也包括 AI 运算设备能否从快速折旧的电子产品,转变成可以支撑数千亿美元债务的长期生产性资产。</p>\n\n<p>对辉达而言,这项计划若成功,将可能把 AI 基础设施融资推向全新的市场规模,让更多 AI 新创企业、云端服务商及企业客户在不大幅占用自身资产负债表的情况下取得 GPU 与资料中心资金。</p>\n\n<p>但对华尔街投资人而言,5000 亿美元的背后同样代表一项巨大的抵押品风险。未来 AI 需求、GPU 租赁价格、晶片折旧速度,以及中国 AI 硬体的产能与价格策略,都可能决定这场 AI 金融化实验最终会成为新的基础设施融资模式,还是一场规模庞大的资产价格豪赌。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4333.html\" title=\"涉联手策画「记忆体末日」 美光、三星、SK海力士在美挨告反垄断\">涉联手策画「记忆体末日」 美光、三星、SK海力士在美挨告反垄断</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-1605.html\" title=\"晶片荒恶化!全球手机出货恐创史上最惨 非苹阵营迎「末日洗牌」\">晶片荒恶化!全球手机出货恐创史上最惨 非苹阵营迎「末日洗牌」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-12475.html\" title=\"标普500恐跌15%至20%?策略师警告:美债殖利率逼近5%恐引爆股市「去风险」\">标普500恐跌15%至20%?策略师警告:美债殖利率逼近5%恐引爆股市「去风险」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-433.html\" title=\"华尔街十大投行解读辉达财报:AI王者下一步怎么走?\">华尔街十大投行解读辉达财报:AI王者下一步怎么走?</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-12425.html\" title=\"玻璃基板进入量产关键期!三星、英特尔、蓝思竞逐TGV  良率与客户认证成胜负关键\">玻璃基板进入量产关键期!三星、英特尔、蓝思竞逐TGV  良率与客户认证成胜负关键</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-98.html\" title=\"台积砸200亿美元加码布局 苹果晶片「美国制造」计划加速推进\">台积砸200亿美元加码布局 苹果晶片「美国制造」计划加速推进</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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