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川普投资策略曝光!1年狂交易2.1万笔、靠个股节税成富豪新投资术

2026-10-01 23:50:54 网络 阅读(57)

美国总统川普2025年进行的金融交易数量引发外界关注。根据其财务申报资料,川普去年交易次数达2.1万笔,规模高于其他总统,也可能是所有政治人物中最高的;相关交易产生逾20亿美元收入,其中包括10亿美元的加密货币收入。

川普投资策略曝光!1年狂交易2.1万笔、靠个股节税成富豪新投资术

根据《Business Insider》报导,川普集团(Trump Organization)表示,川普的交易是透过自动化方式执行。

不过,投资人与财务顾问则指出,川普可能属于日益壮大的「直接指数化」(direct indexing)投资人群体,透过这项策略取得指数报酬,同时降低税务负担。

所谓直接指数化,是指投资人不直接买进追踪指数的ETF,而是自行持有该指数的个别成分股。如此一来,投资组合仍可大致跟随指数表现,但投资人也能针对单一股票进行交易。

这项策略近年快速普及。根据Cerulli Associates统计,截至2024年底,直接指数化资产规模已达8,640亿美元,较2020年的规模增加逾一倍。随着科技进步,执行这类策略的成本降低,使一般投资人也更容易采用。

Wealthfront投资研究副总裁Alex Michalka表示,Wealthfront自认于2012年创造了「直接指数化」一词,目前管理的客户资产达990亿美元。

他指出,该平台一个中型规模的直接指数化帐户,2025年针对大型股公司进行超过4,500笔不同交易,以提高节税效益。

川普的财务申报资料则显示,他共有8个不同帐户,其中大多数涉及股票交易。若交易量平均分配,每个帐户一年将超过2,500笔交易。

川普的高交易量也引发民主党议员关注,包括参议员华伦(Elizabeth Warren)在内的民主党人士要求进一步了解由谁管理川普的投资帐户。

对此,川普集团发言人批评民主党议员最新要求是「毫无根据的政治作秀」,并指出其他媒体报导已显示,川普的帐户由独立第三方管理。

发言人表示,川普及其身边人士无法影响这些投资,以避免产生利益冲突的疑虑。

为何直接指数化能节税?

直接指数化的核心,在于利用个别股票与整体指数之间的报酬差异。

Michalka指出,即使整体市场上涨,市场中仍会有部分股票下跌。

ETF会将这些涨跌表现整合在一起;但如果直接交易个别股票,投资人就可以利用下跌股票产生的损失,抵销基金或其他来源所产生的资本利得。

此外,如果某一年度的资本损失超过资本利得,投资人也可以用其中最多3,000美元抵销W-2薪资或其他工资收入。

这些经由抵销而省下的税款,可以延后到投资人清算整个投资组合时才缴纳,让投资人可以在此期间将这笔额外省下的资金重新投入市场。

财务顾问、Falcon Wealth Planning创办人Gabriel Shahin表示,这项策略过去只有富裕投资人才能使用。

他指出,以往若客户资产规模没有至少500万美元,甚至不会考虑采用这项策略,原因包括管理成本、个别交易成本,以及当时缺乏零股交易机制。

但过去约5年来,随着交易机制更加完善、交易费用下降,加上自动化技术可以执行大部分甚至全部策略,直接指数化的门槛已明显降低。

部分产品的费用如今已经接近主流ETF。例如,Wealthfront的标普500指数直接指数化产品,费用与道富(State Street)旗下SPDR标准普尔500指数ETF(SPY-US) 相同;另一些产品虽然成本较高,却提供盘中交易与再平衡功能。

零股交易也进一步降低了使用门槛。部分平台甚至可以交易到小数点后6至7位的股票数量,让投资人能更精细地配置资产。

此外,直接指数化最大的特色之一,是投资组合可以客制化。例如,投资人可以根据环境、社会与公司治理(ESG)偏好排除石油与天然气企业,也可以避免过度持有自己已经持有的公司股票。

川普为何被认为适合这项策略?

Shahin表示,川普是「直接指数化的完美人选」。他适用最高税率级距,有大量税负可以节省;此外,身为房地产投资人,他拥有可用于抵销的资本利得,同时也有流动性需求。

Michalka指出,尽管这项策略似乎正为越来越多投资人带来效益,但它「并非没有代价」。

部分业者收取的费用可能远高于许多ETF。此外,还存在追踪误差的问题,也就是投资产品的报酬率与其追踪指数的报酬率之间可能出现差异,而税务节省策略可能是造成这种差异的原因之一。

Michalka表示,该公司的分析显示,其直接指数化产品的追踪误差幅度不大,约为1%;但在2020年这类市场波动剧烈的年份,追踪误差可能更高。

同时,若投资人将投资组合客制化到大幅偏离原本追踪的指数,追踪误差也可能进一步扩大。

Shahin提醒:「你可能读完相关资讯后觉得这对自己非常有利,但你还是需要分析自身的情况。」

哪些投资人适合?

专家认为,如果投资人拥有足够的资本利得可以抵销,直接指数化可能更具吸引力,尤其是以公司股票作为部分薪酬的科技业员工,或像川普一样持有房地产投资的人。

此外,较长的投资期限也有助于发挥策略效果,因为投资人有更充裕的时间重新投入延后缴纳的税款。

若投资人能持续向帐户投入资金,也有助于延续节税效益。相反地,如果没有新的资金持续投入,相关税务效益可能随时间递减。

直接指数化同样适合希望客制化投资组合的人,例如基于ESG、宗教排除或分散投资需求,希望避开特定企业或产业。

哪些人应该谨慎?

但如果投资人预期未来税率会提高,则需要更加谨慎。因为延后缴税的价值,在于投资人未来出售资产时可能适用较低税率;若未来税率反而更高,延后缴税的吸引力就可能下降。

投资金额较小的投资人也可能面临较高追踪误差,尤其受到零股配置限制影响。

此外,如果资金是为了近期支付房屋头期款或其他大型支出,专家也不建议单纯为了节税而将短期需要使用的资金投入股票市场,因为节省的税款可能不足以抵销股市波动带来的风险。

对于不希望处理大量交易与复杂投资管理的投资人,Shahin则认为,直接购买指数ETF可能反而更加适合,甚至可以简单地「买进SPY,然后放着」。

最后,专家提醒,不同直接指数化业者之间也存在差异。除了费用之外,非机构型业者的交易可能获得较低的执行优先权,或产生较高交易成本,进而增加追踪误差。

投资人也应特别留意杠杆型直接指数化产品,以及采取多空策略的投资组合。这些产品虽然采用类似的策略,但因加入杠杆,投资风险也会同步提高。

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    "content": "<p>美国总统川普2025年进行的金融交易数量引发外界关注。根据其财务申报资料,川普去年交易次数达2.1万笔,规模高于其他总统,也可能是所有政治人物中最高的;相关交易产生逾20亿美元收入,其中包括10亿美元的加密货币收入。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6578511/l/2e4862399af6a587ede53d790c665900.jpg\" alt=\"川普投资策略曝光!1年狂交易2.1万笔、靠个股节税成富豪新投资术\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>根据《Business Insider》报导,川普集团(Trump Organization)表示,川普的交易是透过自动化方式执行。</p>\n\n<p>不过,投资人与财务顾问则指出,川普可能属于日益壮大的「直接指数化」(direct indexing)投资人群体,透过这项策略取得指数报酬,同时降低税务负担。</p>\n\n<p>所谓直接指数化,是指投资人不直接买进追踪指数的ETF,而是自行持有该指数的个别成分股。如此一来,投资组合仍可大致跟随指数表现,但投资人也能针对单一股票进行交易。</p>\n\n<p>这项策略近年快速普及。根据Cerulli Associates统计,截至2024年底,直接指数化资产规模已达8,640亿美元,较2020年的规模增加逾一倍。随着科技进步,执行这类策略的成本降低,使一般投资人也更容易采用。</p>\n\n<p>Wealthfront投资研究副总裁Alex Michalka表示,Wealthfront自认于2012年创造了「直接指数化」一词,目前管理的客户资产达990亿美元。</p>\n\n<p>他指出,该平台一个中型规模的直接指数化帐户,2025年针对大型股公司进行超过4,500笔不同交易,以提高节税效益。</p>\n\n<p>川普的财务申报资料则显示,他共有8个不同帐户,其中大多数涉及股票交易。若交易量平均分配,每个帐户一年将超过2,500笔交易。</p>\n\n<p>川普的高交易量也引发民主党议员关注,包括参议员华伦(Elizabeth Warren)在内的民主党人士要求进一步了解由谁管理川普的投资帐户。</p>\n\n<p>对此,川普集团发言人批评民主党议员最新要求是「毫无根据的政治作秀」,并指出其他媒体报导已显示,川普的帐户由独立第三方管理。</p>\n\n<p>发言人表示,川普及其身边人士无法影响这些投资,以避免产生利益冲突的疑虑。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>为</strong><strong>何直接指数化能节税?</strong></h6>\n\n<p>直接指数化的核心,在于利用个别股票与整体指数之间的报酬差异。</p>\n\n<p>Michalka指出,即使整体市场上涨,市场中仍会有部分股票下跌。</p>\n\n<p>ETF会将这些涨跌表现整合在一起;但如果直接交易个别股票,投资人就可以利用下跌股票产生的损失,抵销基金或其他来源所产生的资本利得。</p>\n\n<p>此外,如果某一年度的资本损失超过资本利得,投资人也可以用其中最多3,000美元抵销W-2薪资或其他工资收入。</p>\n\n<p>这些经由抵销而省下的税款,可以延后到投资人清算整个投资组合时才缴纳,让投资人可以在此期间将这笔额外省下的资金重新投入市场。</p>\n\n<p>财务顾问、Falcon Wealth Planning创办人Gabriel Shahin表示,这项策略过去只有富裕投资人才能使用。</p>\n\n<p>他指出,以往若客户资产规模没有至少500万美元,甚至不会考虑采用这项策略,原因包括管理成本、个别交易成本,以及当时缺乏零股交易机制。</p>\n\n<p>但过去约5年来,随着交易机制更加完善、交易费用下降,加上自动化技术可以执行大部分甚至全部策略,直接指数化的门槛已明显降低。</p>\n\n<p>部分产品的费用如今已经接近主流ETF。例如,Wealthfront的标普500指数直接指数化产品,费用与道富(State Street)旗下SPDR标准普尔500指数ETF(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:SPY:STOCK:ETF\" href=\"#\">SPY-US</a>) 相同;另一些产品虽然成本较高,却提供盘中交易与再平衡功能。</p>\n\n<p>零股交易也进一步降低了使用门槛。部分平台甚至可以交易到小数点后6至7位的股票数量,让投资人能更精细地配置资产。</p>\n\n<p>此外,直接指数化最大的特色之一,是投资组合可以客制化。例如,投资人可以根据环境、社会与公司治理(ESG)偏好排除石油与天然气企业,也可以避免过度持有自己已经持有的公司股票。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>川普</strong><strong>为</strong><strong>何被认</strong><strong>为</strong><strong>适合这项策略?</strong></h6>\n\n<p>Shahin表示,川普是「直接指数化的完美人选」。他适用最高税率级距,有大量税负可以节省;此外,身为房地产投资人,他拥有可用于抵销的资本利得,同时也有流动性需求。</p>\n\n<p>Michalka指出,尽管这项策略似乎正为越来越多投资人带来效益,但它「并非没有代价」。</p>\n\n<p>部分业者收取的费用可能远高于许多ETF。此外,还存在追踪误差的问题,也就是投资产品的报酬率与其追踪指数的报酬率之间可能出现差异,而税务节省策略可能是造成这种差异的原因之一。</p>\n\n<p>Michalka表示,该公司的分析显示,其直接指数化产品的追踪误差幅度不大,约为1%;但在2020年这类市场波动剧烈的年份,追踪误差可能更高。</p>\n\n<p>同时,若投资人将投资组合客制化到大幅偏离原本追踪的指数,追踪误差也可能进一步扩大。</p>\n\n<p>Shahin提醒:「你可能读完相关资讯后觉得这对自己非常有利,但你还是需要分析自身的情况。」</p>\n\n<h6><strong>哪</strong><strong>些投资人适合?</strong></h6>\n\n<p>专家认为,如果投资人拥有足够的资本利得可以抵销,直接指数化可能更具吸引力,尤其是以公司股票作为部分薪酬的科技业员工,或像川普一样持有房地产投资的人。</p>\n\n<p>此外,较长的投资期限也有助于发挥策略效果,因为投资人有更充裕的时间重新投入延后缴纳的税款。</p>\n\n<p>若投资人能持续向帐户投入资金,也有助于延续节税效益。相反地,如果没有新的资金持续投入,相关税务效益可能随时间递减。</p>\n\n<p>直接指数化同样适合希望客制化投资组合的人,例如基于ESG、宗教排除或分散投资需求,希望避开特定企业或产业。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>哪</strong><strong>些人应该谨</strong><strong>慎</strong><strong>?</strong></h6>\n\n<p>但如果投资人预期未来税率会提高,则需要更加谨慎。因为延后缴税的价值,在于投资人未来出售资产时可能适用较低税率;若未来税率反而更高,延后缴税的吸引力就可能下降。</p>\n\n<p>投资金额较小的投资人也可能面临较高追踪误差,尤其受到零股配置限制影响。</p>\n\n<p>此外,如果资金是为了近期支付房屋头期款或其他大型支出,专家也不建议单纯为了节税而将短期需要使用的资金投入股票市场,因为节省的税款可能不足以抵销股市波动带来的风险。</p>\n\n<p>对于不希望处理大量交易与复杂投资管理的投资人,Shahin则认为,直接购买指数ETF可能反而更加适合,甚至可以简单地「买进SPY,然后放着」。</p>\n\n<p>最后,专家提醒,不同直接指数化业者之间也存在差异。除了费用之外,非机构型业者的交易可能获得较低的执行优先权,或产生较高交易成本,进而增加追踪误差。</p>\n\n<p>投资人也应特别留意杠杆型直接指数化产品,以及采取多空策略的投资组合。这些产品虽然采用类似的策略,但因加入杠杆,投资风险也会同步提高。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3304.html\" title=\"AI最终赢家不是OpenAI或Anthropic?专家点名「这两家公司」才是最大受益者\">AI最终赢家不是OpenAI或Anthropic?专家点名「这两家公司」才是最大受益者</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-16143.html\" title=\"英特尔抢实体AI商机 看好XPU运算分工降成本\">英特尔抢实体AI商机 看好XPU运算分工降成本</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11885.html\" title=\"辉达13F揭密:重仓死对头英特尔300亿美元 软银同押引华尔街震动\">辉达13F揭密:重仓死对头英特尔300亿美元 软银同押引华尔街震动</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-10855.html\" title=\"辉达5000亿美元AI融资计划启动 受惠股一次看\">辉达5000亿美元AI融资计划启动 受惠股一次看</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-9644.html\" title=\"「果链」备货旺季揭幕 鸿海等代工厂招工忙\">「果链」备货旺季揭幕 鸿海等代工厂招工忙</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-9145.html\" title=\"华许第二场Fed记者会为何让市场更困惑?外媒拆解6大争议谈话 \">华许第二场Fed记者会为何让市场更困惑?外媒拆解6大争议谈话 </a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-08-17T22:40:03.000Z",
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