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近20年大转向!油企大军抢攻650亿桶石油 川普:埃克森美孚、雪佛龙都要进委内瑞拉

2026-09-01 09:52:43 网络 阅读(1)

美国总统川普周一(31日)表示,埃克森美孚(XOM-US)将进入委内瑞拉投资,并称包括雪佛龙( CVX-US)在内的美国大型能源企业都正在争相布局这个全球石油储量最丰富的国家。若埃克森美孚最终重返委内瑞拉,将是该公司在2007年因委内瑞拉政府国有化资产而退出后,近20年来的一大政策转向。

近20年大转向!油企大军抢攻650亿桶石油 川普:埃克森美孚、雪佛龙都要进委内瑞拉

川普周一在白宫活动中表示,「我们有埃克森美孚要进去,我们有雪佛龙要进去,我们的大型石油公司都要进去,而且每个人都在竞标。」他并表示,美国目前正从委内瑞拉取得「数百万桶、数百万桶」石油,并运往德州、路易斯安那州等地的炼油厂。川普形容,美国与参与委内瑞拉能源开发的企业都将从中获利。

不过,埃克森美孚目前并未证实川普所说的投资计划,公司对相关说法拒绝置评。这意味着川普宣布的「进入」与埃克森美孚目前公开确认的计划之间仍存在落差。

埃克森美孚执行长伍德(Darren Woods)今年1月曾在白宫会议中直言,委内瑞拉在缺乏持久且可靠的投资保障下仍属于「无法投资」的市场,此番言论曾引发川普不满。不过,埃克森美孚3月已派遣技术团队前往委内瑞拉,评估当地石油与天然气资源及基础设施状况,显示公司已开始重新评估市场机会。

埃克森美孚上游业务主管Dan Ammann当时表示,公司主要希望了解委内瑞拉地下资源的实际状况,以及更重要的地面基础设施条件。他指出,委内瑞拉短期内确实存在提高石油产量的机会,但如果要全面重建该国石油产业,可能需要很长时间及数千亿美元资金。

埃克森美孚过去曾是委内瑞拉重要的外国能源投资者,但2007年委内瑞拉政府推动能源资产国有化后,公司退出当地市场。委内瑞拉石油产业此后长期受到投资不足、设备老旧及基础设施恶化等问题拖累,石油产量从过去约300万桶/日大幅下降。

目前委内瑞拉石油产量约125万桶/日,远低于历史高峰。不过,该国拥有全球规模最大的原油探明储量之一,约3030亿桶,占全球约17%。因此,美国政府近来积极推动外国能源企业重新进入委内瑞拉,希望利用大量地下资源提高产量,并借此增加美国能源供应。

这波能源布局的核心,是美国与委内瑞拉上周宣布的大型石油协议。根据目前公布的安排,美国将参与开发委内瑞拉17座油田,涉及约640亿至650亿桶探明石油储量,相当于委内瑞拉全部原油储量约五分之一。这些油田主要分布在奥里诺科重油带及马拉开波湖地区。

委内瑞拉代理总统罗德里格斯(Delcy Rodríguez)政府表示,17座油田的开发计划可能吸引约1000亿美元投资,并为委内瑞拉政府带来超过2090亿美元税收。根据美方官员说法,美国与一家尚未公开名称的私人营运商将成立新的私人公司,取得这些油田的开发权,相关权利期限长达100年。

这项安排也赋予美国方面相当大的实质控制权。美方官员表示,美国将取得这家新公司的55%有效产量,包括股权及以成本价购买石油的权利。若相关安排完全落实,该公司将成为全球探明石油储量第二大的企业,仅次于沙乌地阿拉伯国家石油公司Saudi Aramco。

17座油田长期产量目标最高可达150万桶/日,将较委内瑞拉目前约125万桶/日的产量增加约25万桶/日,并有望使这些油田的产量超过目前整个委内瑞拉的石油产量。

不过,这项协议能否在短期内大幅增加全球石油供应仍受到质疑。专家指出,委内瑞拉多年缺乏投资,油田设备、管线、炼油厂及其他能源基础设施均需要大量整修。即使政策环境已经改变,恢复产能仍可能需要数年时间及庞大资本投入。

除了埃克森美孚与雪佛龙之外,其他国际能源企业也正加快与委内瑞拉敲定投资协议。路透引述5名熟悉谈判的人士指出,美国GE Vernova (GEV-US)、印度ONGC、义大利Eni及哥伦比亚GeoPark (GPRK-US)均可能在本周宣布新的或扩大的能源项目。

其中,雪佛龙的计划尤其受到市场关注。消息人士指出,雪佛龙正寻求把奥里诺科重油带的一个新区块纳入投资组合,让其与委内瑞拉国营石油公司PDVSA的合资项目进一步扩张;公司同时也希望取得Monagas North地区的一处区域,作为超重质原油生产所需稀释剂的重要来源。

雪佛龙目前已是美国大型能源企业中在委内瑞拉布局最深的一家,因此若新协议落地,将可进一步扩大其当地产量及资产规模。相较之下,埃克森美孚若正式重返委内瑞拉,则代表其对该国投资环境的评估出现重大变化。

哥伦比亚GeoPark则已推进奥里诺科地区Bare重油田的谈判,相关项目可能让公司取得最高约10亿桶原油储量。义大利Eni则表示,正与委内瑞拉合作伙伴及其他相关当局合作,希望协助该国能源产业复苏。

GE Vernova的布局则较偏向能源及电力基础设施,显示美国与委内瑞拉之间的能源合作并不限于原油生产,也包括电力及相关能源项目。多项协议正在进行为期6个月的石油合约「移转」,将原有合约转入修订后的《碳氢化合物法》,新法允许外国企业以更大的弹性营运油田、出口原油并取得销售收入。

川普政府推动委内瑞拉石油开发的背景,也与美国近期面临的能源价格压力密切相关。美国与伊朗军事冲突重新升温后,国际油价周一大幅上涨,布兰特原油收盘上涨2.71%至每桶90.49美元,美国西德州中级原油(WTI)上涨2.83%至85.76美元。

荷姆兹海峡局势尤其令美国政府担忧。战事爆发前,全球约五分之一的石油供应经由这条战略水道运输,而近期航运量大幅下降,使全球能源供应风险升高。美国政府因此急于寻找中长期替代供应来源,委内瑞拉庞大的原油储量便成为重要选项。

川普也曾表示,希望委内瑞拉石油能用于补充美国战略石油储备(SPR)。美方官员表示,新公司生产的部分原油将用于补充战略石油储备及军事用途。这项安排对目前SPR库存接近历史低点的美国而言尤其具有战略意义。

不过,委内瑞拉重质原油与美国战略石油储备原本偏好的原油规格并不完全一致,加上委内瑞拉目前基础设施受损严重,因此即使新协议迅速落地,也不代表美国汽油价格或全球油价能立即下降。市场更可能将其视为中长期供应能力的潜在增加,而非短期内可以填补中东供应缺口的现成产能。

对埃克森美孚而言,委内瑞拉也是一项高度敏感的投资决策。公司曾因2007年资产被国有化而退出当地市场,伍德今年1月才公开警告投资保障不足,因此若最终真的重新进场,意味着委内瑞拉的政策环境及投资保障可能已出现足以改变公司风险评估的重大变化。

川普周一同时表示,委内瑞拉是否退出石油输出国组织(OPEC)由委内瑞拉自行决定。若美国推动外国企业大规模增加委内瑞拉产量,且当地未来在OPEC产量政策上的立场发生变化,可能进一步影响全球石油供应格局。

整体而言,川普此次宣称埃克森美孚将重返委内瑞拉,凸显美国正把这个拥有约3030亿桶原油储量的国家重新置于全球能源战略核心。雪佛龙等企业的扩产计划已接近落地,而埃克森美孚是否真的从「评估机会」进一步走向正式投资,将成为接下来委内瑞拉能源市场最受关注的发展之一。

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    "description": "川普表示埃克森美孚与雪佛龙都将进军委内瑞拉,争取开发17座油田、约650亿桶探明储量。埃克森美孚虽已派团评估,但尚未证实投资计划,市场关注能源巨头重返能否推升产量。",
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    "content": "<p>美国总统川普周一(31日)表示,埃克森美孚(XOM-US)将进入委内瑞拉投资,并称包括雪佛龙( CVX-US)在内的美国大型能源企业都正在争相布局这个全球石油储量最丰富的国家。若埃克森美孚最终重返委内瑞拉,将是该公司在2007年因委内瑞拉政府国有化资产而退出后,近20年来的一大政策转向。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6593334/l/005d34be145b7ab6e7b2c8a3c8d61d46.jpg\" alt=\"近20年大转向!油企大军抢攻650亿桶石油 川普:埃克森美孚、雪佛龙都要进委内瑞拉\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>川普周一在白宫活动中表示,「我们有埃克森美孚要进去,我们有雪佛龙要进去,我们的大型石油公司都要进去,而且每个人都在竞标。」他并表示,美国目前正从委内瑞拉取得「数百万桶、数百万桶」石油,并运往德州、路易斯安那州等地的炼油厂。川普形容,美国与参与委内瑞拉能源开发的企业都将从中获利。</p>\n\n<p>不过,埃克森美孚目前并未证实川普所说的投资计划,公司对相关说法拒绝置评。这意味着川普宣布的「进入」与埃克森美孚目前公开确认的计划之间仍存在落差。</p>\n\n<p>埃克森美孚执行长伍德(Darren Woods)今年1月曾在白宫会议中直言,委内瑞拉在缺乏持久且可靠的投资保障下仍属于「无法投资」的市场,此番言论曾引发川普不满。不过,埃克森美孚3月已派遣技术团队前往委内瑞拉,评估当地石油与天然气资源及基础设施状况,显示公司已开始重新评估市场机会。</p>\n\n<p>埃克森美孚上游业务主管Dan Ammann当时表示,公司主要希望了解委内瑞拉地下资源的实际状况,以及更重要的地面基础设施条件。他指出,委内瑞拉短期内确实存在提高石油产量的机会,但如果要全面重建该国石油产业,可能需要很长时间及数千亿美元资金。</p>\n\n<p>埃克森美孚过去曾是委内瑞拉重要的外国能源投资者,但2007年委内瑞拉政府推动能源资产国有化后,公司退出当地市场。委内瑞拉石油产业此后长期受到投资不足、设备老旧及基础设施恶化等问题拖累,石油产量从过去约300万桶/日大幅下降。</p>\n\n<p>目前委内瑞拉石油产量约125万桶/日,远低于历史高峰。不过,该国拥有全球规模最大的原油探明储量之一,约3030亿桶,占全球约17%。因此,美国政府近来积极推动外国能源企业重新进入委内瑞拉,希望利用大量地下资源提高产量,并借此增加美国能源供应。</p>\n\n<p>这波能源布局的核心,是美国与委内瑞拉上周宣布的大型石油协议。根据目前公布的安排,美国将参与开发委内瑞拉17座油田,涉及约640亿至650亿桶探明石油储量,相当于委内瑞拉全部原油储量约五分之一。这些油田主要分布在奥里诺科重油带及马拉开波湖地区。</p>\n\n<p>委内瑞拉代理总统罗德里格斯(Delcy Rodr&iacute;guez)政府表示,17座油田的开发计划可能吸引约1000亿美元投资,并为委内瑞拉政府带来超过2090亿美元税收。根据美方官员说法,美国与一家尚未公开名称的私人营运商将成立新的私人公司,取得这些油田的开发权,相关权利期限长达100年。</p>\n\n<p>这项安排也赋予美国方面相当大的实质控制权。美方官员表示,美国将取得这家新公司的55%有效产量,包括股权及以成本价购买石油的权利。若相关安排完全落实,该公司将成为全球探明石油储量第二大的企业,仅次于沙乌地阿拉伯国家石油公司Saudi Aramco。</p>\n\n<p>17座油田长期产量目标最高可达150万桶/日,将较委内瑞拉目前约125万桶/日的产量增加约25万桶/日,并有望使这些油田的产量超过目前整个委内瑞拉的石油产量。</p>\n\n<p>不过,这项协议能否在短期内大幅增加全球石油供应仍受到质疑。专家指出,委内瑞拉多年缺乏投资,油田设备、管线、炼油厂及其他能源基础设施均需要大量整修。即使政策环境已经改变,恢复产能仍可能需要数年时间及庞大资本投入。</p>\n\n<p>除了埃克森美孚与雪佛龙之外,其他国际能源企业也正加快与委内瑞拉敲定投资协议。路透引述5名熟悉谈判的人士指出,美国GE Vernova (GEV-US)、印度ONGC、义大利Eni及哥伦比亚GeoPark (GPRK-US)均可能在本周宣布新的或扩大的能源项目。</p>\n\n<p>其中,雪佛龙的计划尤其受到市场关注。消息人士指出,雪佛龙正寻求把奥里诺科重油带的一个新区块纳入投资组合,让其与委内瑞拉国营石油公司PDVSA的合资项目进一步扩张;公司同时也希望取得Monagas North地区的一处区域,作为超重质原油生产所需稀释剂的重要来源。</p>\n\n<p>雪佛龙目前已是美国大型能源企业中在委内瑞拉布局最深的一家,因此若新协议落地,将可进一步扩大其当地产量及资产规模。相较之下,埃克森美孚若正式重返委内瑞拉,则代表其对该国投资环境的评估出现重大变化。</p>\n\n<p>哥伦比亚GeoPark则已推进奥里诺科地区Bare重油田的谈判,相关项目可能让公司取得最高约10亿桶原油储量。义大利Eni则表示,正与委内瑞拉合作伙伴及其他相关当局合作,希望协助该国能源产业复苏。</p>\n\n<p>GE Vernova的布局则较偏向能源及电力基础设施,显示美国与委内瑞拉之间的能源合作并不限于原油生产,也包括电力及相关能源项目。多项协议正在进行为期6个月的石油合约「移转」,将原有合约转入修订后的《碳氢化合物法》,新法允许外国企业以更大的弹性营运油田、出口原油并取得销售收入。</p>\n\n<p>川普政府推动委内瑞拉石油开发的背景,也与美国近期面临的能源价格压力密切相关。美国与伊朗军事冲突重新升温后,国际油价周一大幅上涨,布兰特原油收盘上涨2.71%至每桶90.49美元,美国西德州中级原油(WTI)上涨2.83%至85.76美元。</p>\n\n<p>荷姆兹海峡局势尤其令美国政府担忧。战事爆发前,全球约五分之一的石油供应经由这条战略水道运输,而近期航运量大幅下降,使全球能源供应风险升高。美国政府因此急于寻找中长期替代供应来源,委内瑞拉庞大的原油储量便成为重要选项。</p>\n\n<p>川普也曾表示,希望委内瑞拉石油能用于补充美国战略石油储备(SPR)。美方官员表示,新公司生产的部分原油将用于补充战略石油储备及军事用途。这项安排对目前SPR库存接近历史低点的美国而言尤其具有战略意义。</p>\n\n<p>不过,委内瑞拉重质原油与美国战略石油储备原本偏好的原油规格并不完全一致,加上委内瑞拉目前基础设施受损严重,因此即使新协议迅速落地,也不代表美国汽油价格或全球油价能立即下降。市场更可能将其视为中长期供应能力的潜在增加,而非短期内可以填补中东供应缺口的现成产能。</p>\n\n<p>对埃克森美孚而言,委内瑞拉也是一项高度敏感的投资决策。公司曾因2007年资产被国有化而退出当地市场,伍德今年1月才公开警告投资保障不足,因此若最终真的重新进场,意味着委内瑞拉的政策环境及投资保障可能已出现足以改变公司风险评估的重大变化。</p>\n\n<p>川普周一同时表示,委内瑞拉是否退出石油输出国组织(OPEC)由委内瑞拉自行决定。若美国推动外国企业大规模增加委内瑞拉产量,且当地未来在OPEC产量政策上的立场发生变化,可能进一步影响全球石油供应格局。</p>\n\n<p>整体而言,川普此次宣称埃克森美孚将重返委内瑞拉,凸显美国正把这个拥有约3030亿桶原油储量的国家重新置于全球能源战略核心。雪佛龙等企业的扩产计划已接近落地,而埃克森美孚是否真的从「评估机会」进一步走向正式投资,将成为接下来委内瑞拉能源市场最受关注的发展之一。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-7856.html\" title=\"迈出转型关键一步!OpenAI想跳出AI模型竞争 即将推新平台Presence\">迈出转型关键一步!OpenAI想跳出AI模型竞争 即将推新平台Presence</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-1610.html\" title=\"川普:美伊有望「一周内」达成协议 荷姆兹可望重启\">川普:美伊有望「一周内」达成协议 荷姆兹可望重启</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11280.html\" title=\"AI举债浪潮又加一!AMD发债筹得47.5亿美元 规模创公司史上新高\">AI举债浪潮又加一!AMD发债筹得47.5亿美元 规模创公司史上新高</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-9627.html\" title=\"黄仁勋:下一波AI浪潮是机器人 辉达开源最新自驾模型\">黄仁勋:下一波AI浪潮是机器人 辉达开源最新自驾模型</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4896.html\" title=\"川普:华许面对「有点敌意」的Fed理事会 会让他「做该做的事」\">川普:华许面对「有点敌意」的Fed理事会 会让他「做该做的事」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-457.html\" title=\"苹果惨吞320亿美元天价罚单 印度「外企魔咒」再度应验\">苹果惨吞320亿美元天价罚单 印度「外企魔咒」再度应验</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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