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中美AI谁更强?盖兹:各有4家顶尖大模型 差距其实不大

2026-09-15 16:53:35 网络 阅读(1)

比尔盖兹表示,中国AI大模型「表现非常出色」,目前中美各有4家、甚至更多机构的大模型能维持全球最先进水准,领先模型差距并不大。他预期,中美顶尖大模型能力6个月后将达目前两倍以上,AI竞争正进入人才与算力的「超级竞争」阶段。

中美AI谁更强?盖兹:各有4家顶尖大模型 差距其实不大

盖兹基金会日前宣布,未来两年将投入10亿美元推动人工智慧应用,希望这项前沿技术不只服务富裕族群,也能协助全球最贫困人口改善生活。

在发布前夕,盖兹基金会主席盖兹接受新浪科技访问,谈及中国AI大模型、开源技术、资料中心能源消耗、AI对就业市场的冲击,以及中国人形机器人的发展。

中美各有至少4家站在最顶尖

谈到中国AI发展,盖兹给予高度评价,直言中国人工智慧「表现非常出色」。他预估,中美前沿大模型能力持续快速提升,6个月后的能力可能达到目前的2倍以上。

对于中国开源大模型目前究竟处于什么位置,盖兹表示,根据不同的衡量方式,中国和美国都分别有4家、甚至更多机构的大模型,能够维持最先进水准,而且排名最前面的模型与另外7个领先模型相比,实际能力差距并不大。

不过,他并未透露所指的4家中国或美国机构具体名称。

盖兹认为,目前全球最顶尖的8个大模型,表现都已经超越4个月前的最佳模型,显示AI技术迭代速度相当快。在这样的发展下,中美已进入人才与算力你追我赶的「超级竞争」。

不过,盖兹并未单纯从中美竞争的角度看待这场AI竞赛。对包括非洲在内的使用者而言,他认为中美竞争反而是一件「好事」,因为低收入国家因此能取得更多性能不错、价格较低的AI选择。

开源模型降低AI使用门槛

盖兹特别肯定开源模型带来的价值,认为其具有很大的灵活性。非洲国家也相当乐于使用这些模型,并能把有限资源集中在真正需要本地化的环节,而不是从头建立完整的大模型能力。

他提到,非洲目前使用的部分模型,可以借用中国合作伙伴的伺服器远端运行,通讯延迟仍在完全可以接受的范围内。这也意味着,缺乏庞大资料中心基础建设的国家,仍可能透过跨境算力与开源模型取得AI服务。

不过,全球AI产业竞相扩充算力,也在无形中拉高低收入国家接触AI的门槛。盖兹指出,目前低价智慧型手机价格正在上涨,原因之一是AI资料中心需要大量记忆体。

他希望相关产品价格能重新下降,因为智慧型手机在非洲仍未普及,而真正优秀的AI应用无法在功能型手机上运行。

吁先进国拿出5%算力援助贫困国家

为了让AI发展成果不只集中在少数国家,盖兹建议,部分技术领先国家可以各自拿出5%的资料中心算力,作为一种「数位援助」,免费提供给贫困国家,投入医疗、农业与教育等人道主义用途。

盖兹表示,如果只是回答健康或农业种植问题,所需要消耗的Token(词元)并不多,因此全球应该建立一条基本底线,确保每个人都能享有最低限度的AI服务。

今年的《守护者报告》也提到,AI服务对全球最贫困地区而言,可能成为改变命运的重要变数。

这也呼应盖兹长期以来对AI发展的态度。他曾表示,商业资本容易忽略市场失灵与社会隐患,AI可能成为人类有史以来最强大的平等促进工具,也可能成为加剧不平等的最大根源。

因此,他主张建立全球治理框架,重新平衡劳动与资本的关系,让AI带来的红利惠及所有人,而非只流向少数富裕族群。

AI耗电推升碳排 盖兹:非常遗憾

除了模型竞争,AI资料中心快速扩张带来的能源需求,也成为外界关注焦点。对于AI是否正在大量消耗能源、影响全球碳中和目标,盖兹坦言,美国AI产业确实带来额外碳排放。

他指出,美国许多资料中心使用天然气供电,因此增加碳排放,这「确实非常、非常令人遗憾」。

从比例来看,可能带来约3%至4%的碳排放增长,而在全球目标是将碳排放降至零的情况下,任何增长都不是乐见的结果。不过,他对长期发展仍保持乐观,认为AI对全球气候的整体影响最终仍可能利大于弊。

至于资料中心大量用水的疑虑,盖兹表示,目前多数新建资料中心已采用「闭式水循环」设计,也就是水不会直接排放出去,因此他认为水资源问题基本上可以获得解决。

另一方面,AI本身也正在协助能源技术发展。盖兹以旗下核裂变公司TerraPower为例,该公司正大量使用AI模型研究如何降低成本、改善施工规划,希望加快专案建设速度。

盖兹也提到中国能源转型成果,指出中国光电发电装置容量首次超越煤电,是一项「非常好的里程碑」。

AI与机器人将带来20年转型阵痛

面对AI快速发展对就业市场造成的冲击,盖兹坦言,终有一天AI与机器人可能强大到让人类开始讨论「一周少工作两天」,甚至提前退休,但在那个时刻真正到来之前,社会可能要先经历长达20年的动荡转型期。

他认为,AI目前还无法立即让人类进入无条件富裕的状态,多数人仍必须工作赚钱。更重要的是,现代社会结构本身就是围绕工作建立,工作除了薪资,也牵涉社交圈、自我价值与生活节奏,因此AI取代工作带来的影响,不只是单纯的收入问题。

盖兹先前也曾建议,像「人工看护」这类需要人性温度的职务,可以划为「人类专属」,甚至提出向AI征收「Token税」,由科技公司出资补贴因AI而失去工作的民众。

看好中国人形机器人发展

谈到中国的人形机器人产业,盖兹也提及近期在中国举行的人形机器人运动会,直言活动「非常有意思,而且办得非常好」,光是赛事本身就令人难以置信。

盖兹观察,相较其他国家,中国对人形机器人的关注程度更高。他曾在上海参观一家专门研发机器人手部技术的公司,并指出手部灵活度仍是目前人形机器人面临最棘手的技术难题之一。

他认为,如果再过几年,人形机器人的价格能够降到足够低,并达到人类水准,可以投入建筑与制造业,甚至一天24小时持续工作,从提升生产力的角度而言是一件好事。

但盖兹也提醒,这将迫使整个社会重新思考如何因应技术转型,尤其是目前从事体力与制造工作的劳工,必须确保他们能获得妥善照顾与支持,而且这种支持不能只有经济层面。

盖兹对AI未来仍抱持高度期待,但也一再强调,AI最终能否成为改善人类生活的力量并非理所当然,需要政府、科技企业及其他各方共同投入。

盖兹基金会已规划在2045年前用完预计高达2,000亿美元的资助资金并正式关闭,希望集中资源解决全球最棘手的问题。

面对正在全面重塑社会的AI浪潮,盖兹再次呼吁全球政府、科技巨头与各界共同投入资源与专业知识,让AI真正变得更实用、平价且容易取得,避免任何人在这场技术变革中被落下。

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          "id": 47,
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      "id": 37,
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    "content": "<p>比尔盖兹表示,中国AI大模型「表现非常出色」,目前中美各有4家、甚至更多机构的大模型能维持全球最先进水准,领先模型差距并不大。他预期,中美顶尖大模型能力6个月后将达目前两倍以上,AI竞争正进入人才与算力的「超级竞争」阶段。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6606739/l/3652b91c0dff0abefbc846f2bd9d0a04.jpg\" alt=\"中美AI谁更强?盖兹:各有4家顶尖大模型 差距其实不大\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>盖兹基金会日前宣布,未来两年将投入10亿美元推动人工智慧应用,希望这项前沿技术不只服务富裕族群,也能协助全球最贫困人口改善生活。</p>\n\n<p>在发布前夕,盖兹基金会主席盖兹接受新浪科技访问,谈及中国AI大模型、开源技术、资料中心能源消耗、AI对就业市场的冲击,以及中国人形机器人的发展。</p>\n\n<p><em>中美各有至少4家站在最顶尖</em></p>\n\n<p>谈到中国AI发展,盖兹给予高度评价,直言中国人工智慧「表现非常出色」。他预估,中美前沿大模型能力持续快速提升,6个月后的能力可能达到目前的2倍以上。</p>\n\n<p>对于中国开源大模型目前究竟处于什么位置,盖兹表示,根据不同的衡量方式,中国和美国都分别有4家、甚至更多机构的大模型,能够维持最先进水准,而且排名最前面的模型与另外7个领先模型相比,实际能力差距并不大。</p>\n\n<p>不过,他并未透露所指的4家中国或美国机构具体名称。</p>\n\n<p>盖兹认为,目前全球最顶尖的8个大模型,表现都已经超越4个月前的最佳模型,显示AI技术迭代速度相当快。在这样的发展下,中美已进入人才与算力你追我赶的「超级竞争」。</p>\n\n<p>不过,盖兹并未单纯从中美竞争的角度看待这场AI竞赛。对包括非洲在内的使用者而言,他认为中美竞争反而是一件「好事」,因为低收入国家因此能取得更多性能不错、价格较低的AI选择。</p>\n\n<p><em>开源模型降低AI使用门槛</em></p>\n\n<p>盖兹特别肯定开源模型带来的价值,认为其具有很大的灵活性。非洲国家也相当乐于使用这些模型,并能把有限资源集中在真正需要本地化的环节,而不是从头建立完整的大模型能力。</p>\n\n<p>他提到,非洲目前使用的部分模型,可以借用中国合作伙伴的伺服器远端运行,通讯延迟仍在完全可以接受的范围内。这也意味着,缺乏庞大资料中心基础建设的国家,仍可能透过跨境算力与开源模型取得AI服务。</p>\n\n<p>不过,全球AI产业竞相扩充算力,也在无形中拉高低收入国家接触AI的门槛。盖兹指出,目前低价智慧型手机价格正在上涨,原因之一是AI资料中心需要大量记忆体。</p>\n\n<p>他希望相关产品价格能重新下降,因为智慧型手机在非洲仍未普及,而真正优秀的AI应用无法在功能型手机上运行。</p>\n\n<p><em>吁先进国拿出5%算力援助贫困国家</em></p>\n\n<p>为了让AI发展成果不只集中在少数国家,盖兹建议,部分技术领先国家可以各自拿出5%的资料中心算力,作为一种「数位援助」,免费提供给贫困国家,投入医疗、农业与教育等人道主义用途。</p>\n\n<p>盖兹表示,如果只是回答健康或农业种植问题,所需要消耗的Token(词元)并不多,因此全球应该建立一条基本底线,确保每个人都能享有最低限度的AI服务。</p>\n\n<p>今年的《守护者报告》也提到,AI服务对全球最贫困地区而言,可能成为改变命运的重要变数。</p>\n\n<p>这也呼应盖兹长期以来对AI发展的态度。他曾表示,商业资本容易忽略市场失灵与社会隐患,AI可能成为人类有史以来最强大的平等促进工具,也可能成为加剧不平等的最大根源。</p>\n\n<p>因此,他主张建立全球治理框架,重新平衡劳动与资本的关系,让AI带来的红利惠及所有人,而非只流向少数富裕族群。</p>\n\n<p><em>AI耗电推升碳排 盖兹:非常遗憾</em></p>\n\n<p>除了模型竞争,AI资料中心快速扩张带来的能源需求,也成为外界关注焦点。对于AI是否正在大量消耗能源、影响全球碳中和目标,盖兹坦言,美国AI产业确实带来额外碳排放。</p>\n\n<p>他指出,美国许多资料中心使用天然气供电,因此增加碳排放,这「确实非常、非常令人遗憾」。</p>\n\n<p>从比例来看,可能带来约3%至4%的碳排放增长,而在全球目标是将碳排放降至零的情况下,任何增长都不是乐见的结果。不过,他对长期发展仍保持乐观,认为AI对全球气候的整体影响最终仍可能利大于弊。</p>\n\n<p>至于资料中心大量用水的疑虑,盖兹表示,目前多数新建资料中心已采用「闭式水循环」设计,也就是水不会直接排放出去,因此他认为水资源问题基本上可以获得解决。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,AI本身也正在协助能源技术发展。盖兹以旗下核裂变公司TerraPower为例,该公司正大量使用AI模型研究如何降低成本、改善施工规划,希望加快专案建设速度。</p>\n\n<p>盖兹也提到中国能源转型成果,指出中国光电发电装置容量首次超越煤电,是一项「非常好的里程碑」。</p>\n\n<p><em>AI与机器人将带来20年转型阵痛</em></p>\n\n<p>面对AI快速发展对就业市场造成的冲击,盖兹坦言,终有一天AI与机器人可能强大到让人类开始讨论「一周少工作两天」,甚至提前退休,但在那个时刻真正到来之前,社会可能要先经历长达20年的动荡转型期。</p>\n\n<p>他认为,AI目前还无法立即让人类进入无条件富裕的状态,多数人仍必须工作赚钱。更重要的是,现代社会结构本身就是围绕工作建立,工作除了薪资,也牵涉社交圈、自我价值与生活节奏,因此AI取代工作带来的影响,不只是单纯的收入问题。</p>\n\n<p>盖兹先前也曾建议,像「人工看护」这类需要人性温度的职务,可以划为「人类专属」,甚至提出向AI征收「Token税」,由科技公司出资补贴因AI而失去工作的民众。</p>\n\n<p><em>看好中国人形机器人发展</em></p>\n\n<p>谈到中国的人形机器人产业,盖兹也提及近期在中国举行的人形机器人运动会,直言活动「非常有意思,而且办得非常好」,光是赛事本身就令人难以置信。</p>\n\n<p>盖兹观察,相较其他国家,中国对人形机器人的关注程度更高。他曾在上海参观一家专门研发机器人手部技术的公司,并指出手部灵活度仍是目前人形机器人面临最棘手的技术难题之一。</p>\n\n<p>他认为,如果再过几年,人形机器人的价格能够降到足够低,并达到人类水准,可以投入建筑与制造业,甚至一天24小时持续工作,从提升生产力的角度而言是一件好事。</p>\n\n<p>但盖兹也提醒,这将迫使整个社会重新思考如何因应技术转型,尤其是目前从事体力与制造工作的劳工,必须确保他们能获得妥善照顾与支持,而且这种支持不能只有经济层面。</p>\n\n<p>盖兹对AI未来仍抱持高度期待,但也一再强调,AI最终能否成为改善人类生活的力量并非理所当然,需要政府、科技企业及其他各方共同投入。</p>\n\n<p>盖兹基金会已规划在2045年前用完预计高达2,000亿美元的资助资金并正式关闭,希望集中资源解决全球最棘手的问题。</p>\n\n<p>面对正在全面重塑社会的AI浪潮,盖兹再次呼吁全球政府、科技巨头与各界共同投入资源与专业知识,让AI真正变得更实用、平价且容易取得,避免任何人在这场技术变革中被落下。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-13638.html\" title=\"Google传最快周三推出Gemini 3.8 Flash 力拚缩小AI程式设计差距\">Google传最快周三推出Gemini 3.8 Flash 力拚缩小AI程式设计差距</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-1934.html\" title=\"OpenAI提交IPO申请 估值上看1兆美元 AI巨头接力上市\">OpenAI提交IPO申请 估值上看1兆美元 AI巨头接力上市</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11499.html\" title=\"常春藤名校太空豪赌!哈佛揭露22亿美元SpaceX仓位\">常春藤名校太空豪赌!哈佛揭露22亿美元SpaceX仓位</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11103.html\" title=\"Anthropic传砸60亿美元买Decart 史上最大收购补强AI算力\">Anthropic传砸60亿美元买Decart 史上最大收购补强AI算力</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-13693.html\" title=\"马斯克:明年底AI能「完成所有数位领域工作」、10年内机器人超越人类生产力总和\">马斯克:明年底AI能「完成所有数位领域工作」、10年内机器人超越人类生产力总和</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-5686.html\" title=\"澳洲退休基金不畏AI泡沫担忧 计划逢低买入\">澳洲退休基金不畏AI泡沫担忧 计划逢低买入</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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