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AI代理闯进Mac 苹果急收紧「完全磁碟存取」权限

2026-10-06 06:21:08 网络 阅读(1)

苹果(AAPL-US)10月2日发出一则简短公告,宣布将会在后续版本收紧在 macOS上存在多年的「完全磁碟存取」(Full Disk Access, FDA)高级权限。

AI代理闯进Mac 苹果急收紧「完全磁碟存取」权限

苹果公告指出:「一些开发者正以可能使用户面临风险的方式使用『完全磁碟存取』,在用户并不完全知情或理解的情况下暴露其系统中的所有内容……今后,我们将引入额外的控制措施,以确保那些确实希望授予应用如此高级别存取权限的用户,只有通过非常明确的用户操作才能完成授权。随着人工智慧代理的能力和自主性不断增强,与这种级别存取权限相关的风险也将大幅增加。」

一项自 2018 年 macOS Mojave 10.14 开始加入的权限,为什么到了 AI 时代,突然就变得不安全了?

要厘清事件始末,首先要知道「完全磁碟存取」是一种怎样的功能。在 10.14 版本之前,macOS 的档案系统权限管理和今天的 Windows / Linux 没什么两样:只要运行程式,它就可以存取当前帐户身分能读取的任何档案。

但后来,macOS 逐步引进了更细致、更现代的额外隐私管理机制。

以现在的版本为例,程式预设不再能存取邮件、聊天资讯、浏览器记录、Time Machine 备份和第三方软体用户数据等高敏感资讯,除非用户为某个程式手动授予「完全磁碟存取」权限。

之所以要留下这个「后门」,是因为防毒、档案备份、企业 IT 管理等少数软体天然要求遍历整个档案系统才能正常工作。如果它们存取每个敏感数据都需要用户手动授权,那结果只会是弹窗无数,根本无法使用。

但允许这些软体使用「完全磁碟存取」,前提是一种心照不宣的「君子协议」:macOS 相信备份软体存取全碟只是为了原样复制每个档案,防毒软体存取全碟只是为了监控档案修改和恶意行为……

理论上,它们一心只为工作,对用户的隐私数据本身不感兴趣,也不会侵害用户的权益。

这是 macOS 内部的「宙斯法则」。长期以来,这套机制都运行得很好,一切相安无事。

直到 AI 代理破门而入。尤其是以 Muse 为代表的个人代理们,全然没有老派软体的客气。

为了更好地理解你的目标和偏好,去「管理个人生活」,它们不仅(经过用户有意无意的批准)申请「完全磁碟存取」权限,还要通过这个渠道大量读取个人隐私资讯,比如日程、邮件沟通对象、聊天主题等,并将这些资讯转化成用户画像和个人上下文,以此决定下一步的行动。

即使我们信任 Meta 本身不会将我们的隐私数据用于别处(其实连这点都很难保证),也不能排除,Personal Agent 可能因为错误理解或者攻击者的故意诱导,而将隐私数据和盘托出。

实际上,这点已经超出思想实验的范畴,成为了现实世界里的真实风险。

不久前,安全研究机构 Salt Security 披露了一个邮件注入漏洞。通过发送包含攻击代码的邮件,攻击者可以让受害者的 Manus Agent 执行代码,以此接触到 Manus 连接的 Gmail 和 Google Drive 等第三方凭证。

在另一个案例中,科技博主 Matt Robb 让 Muse 代管二手交易服务,结果 Muse 直接在他不知情的情况下,将家庭地址发给买家,让对方来「线下交易」。

在资深开发者和科技评论者 John Gruber 看来,更危险的是,大多数年轻人被 iPhone 和 iPad「照顾」得太好了。

通常来说,我们和手机、平板朝夕相对,用行动装置的时间和场合要多于使用 Mac,这就导致大众普遍更习惯行动装置的功能逻辑。

而偏偏苹果在 iOS 和 iPadOS 上使用了一种比 macOS 严格得多的沙盒机制——

即使我们闭着眼在各种权限申请弹窗中一概允许,系统底层机制也决定了代理们无法直接存取邮件和聊天,关键隐私依然安全无虞。

只不过,如果把这种习惯延续到 Mac 上,风险就会指数级上升。

因为Mac 其实是一台「全功能」工作站,它可以开放和自订的深度远超 iPhone / iPad。如果说同意全部权限申请在手机上还算风险可控,那在 macOS 上允许个人代理启用「完全磁碟存取」,无异于同意个人代理在未来的某天将你的身分地址资讯都悉数交出。

而个人代理的「亲和力掩饰」,更加剧了这种风险。

为了减轻用户的戒备心,让个人代理显得「人畜无害」,市面上几乎一切个人代理产品都专门设计了可爱的形象。比如 Grok Bot 的大眼圆球、Muse 的微笑树懒毛绒玩偶 Jolly,还有 OpenAI dots 的彩色卡通角色。

从设计角度上看,它们无疑是成功的——人对可爱的东西天然会放松警惕。

但在更早的部落格文章中,John Gruber 曾警告,Muse 实际上是把一个非常强大、甚至是危险的个人代理包装成了人人都会用的可爱消费产品。

这正是当今个人代理所处位置。面对这一处境,由系统提前收拢权限以绝后患,看上去是很合理的解决方案。但任何改变都有牺牲者——在这里,牺牲的是开发者的乐趣。

权限和能力总是相伴相生。早期 iOS 社群热衷于「越狱」,是因为 root 权限意味着几乎无限的自订能力;后来 Android 存在像「李跳跳」这样可以跳过开屏广告的软体,则是由于 Android 的无障碍服务(Accessibility Service)权限允许软体读取用户介面,从而模拟点击「跳过广告」按钮——尽管代价是要让软体看见你的一切萤幕内容。

换句话说,很多好用的软体,都建立在相信它「不作恶」的高度信任和权限开放之上。一旦有人利用这些权限「作恶」,下一步就可能是秩序崩坏,进而促使系统收紧权限,原来的功能就此作废——例如,得益于开屏广告「摇一摇」,一些系统已经开始预设关闭陀螺仪和加速度计权限了。

所以,在看见苹果的公告之后,John Gruber 首先担心的是自己开发的软体:「我真的很担心苹果究竟会把『完全磁碟存取』限制到什么程度。我在几个应用中使用了这项权限,如果没有它,这些应用就无法正常运行;而如果每次它们执行某项操作时都需要我手动授权,它们的功能将会受到严重影响。」

如果 macOS 真的变得更封闭、更像 iOS,对普通用户来说固然是一种安全利好,但这同时会危及 macOS 原本已摇摇欲坠的自由度。

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    "content": "<p>苹果(AAPL-US)10月2日发出一则简短公告,宣布将会在后续版本收紧在 macOS上存在多年的「完全磁碟存取」(Full Disk Access, FDA)高级权限。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6622196/l/bf8a69b35aaa91534a6430709e5585e2.jpg\" alt=\"AI代理闯进Mac 苹果急收紧「完全磁碟存取」权限\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>苹果公告指出:「一些开发者正以可能使用户面临风险的方式使用『完全磁碟存取』,在用户并不完全知情或理解的情况下暴露其系统中的所有内容&hellip;&hellip;今后,我们将引入额外的控制措施,以确保那些确实希望授予应用如此高级别存取权限的用户,只有通过非常明确的用户操作才能完成授权。随着人工智慧代理的能力和自主性不断增强,与这种级别存取权限相关的风险也将大幅增加。」</p>\n\n<p>一项自 2018 年 macOS Mojave 10.14 开始加入的权限,为什么到了 AI 时代,突然就变得不安全了?</p>\n\n<p>要厘清事件始末,首先要知道「完全磁碟存取」是一种怎样的功能。在 10.14 版本之前,macOS 的档案系统权限管理和今天的 Windows / Linux 没什么两样:只要运行程式,它就可以存取当前帐户身分能读取的任何档案。</p>\n\n<p>但后来,macOS 逐步引进了更细致、更现代的额外隐私管理机制。</p>\n\n<p>以现在的版本为例,程式预设不再能存取邮件、聊天资讯、浏览器记录、Time Machine 备份和第三方软体用户数据等高敏感资讯,除非用户为某个程式手动授予「完全磁碟存取」权限。</p>\n\n<p>之所以要留下这个「后门」,是因为防毒、档案备份、企业 IT 管理等少数软体天然要求遍历整个档案系统才能正常工作。如果它们存取每个敏感数据都需要用户手动授权,那结果只会是弹窗无数,根本无法使用。</p>\n\n<p>但允许这些软体使用「完全磁碟存取」,前提是一种心照不宣的「君子协议」:macOS 相信备份软体存取全碟只是为了原样复制每个档案,防毒软体存取全碟只是为了监控档案修改和恶意行为&hellip;&hellip;</p>\n\n<p>理论上,它们一心只为工作,对用户的隐私数据本身不感兴趣,也不会侵害用户的权益。</p>\n\n<p>这是 macOS 内部的「宙斯法则」。长期以来,这套机制都运行得很好,一切相安无事。</p>\n\n<p>直到 AI 代理破门而入。尤其是以 Muse 为代表的个人代理们,全然没有老派软体的客气。</p>\n\n<p>为了更好地理解你的目标和偏好,去「管理个人生活」,它们不仅(经过用户有意无意的批准)申请「完全磁碟存取」权限,还要通过这个渠道大量读取个人隐私资讯,比如日程、邮件沟通对象、聊天主题等,并将这些资讯转化成用户画像和个人上下文,以此决定下一步的行动。</p>\n\n<p>即使我们信任 Meta 本身不会将我们的隐私数据用于别处(其实连这点都很难保证),也不能排除,Personal Agent 可能因为错误理解或者攻击者的故意诱导,而将隐私数据和盘托出。</p>\n\n<p>实际上,这点已经超出思想实验的范畴,成为了现实世界里的真实风险。</p>\n\n<p>不久前,安全研究机构 Salt Security 披露了一个邮件注入漏洞。通过发送包含攻击代码的邮件,攻击者可以让受害者的 Manus Agent 执行代码,以此接触到 Manus 连接的 Gmail 和 Google Drive 等第三方凭证。</p>\n\n<p>在另一个案例中,科技博主 Matt Robb 让 Muse 代管二手交易服务,结果 Muse 直接在他不知情的情况下,将家庭地址发给买家,让对方来「线下交易」。</p>\n\n<p>在资深开发者和科技评论者 John Gruber 看来,更危险的是,大多数年轻人被 iPhone 和 iPad「照顾」得太好了。</p>\n\n<p>通常来说,我们和手机、平板朝夕相对,用行动装置的时间和场合要多于使用 Mac,这就导致大众普遍更习惯行动装置的功能逻辑。</p>\n\n<p>而偏偏苹果在 iOS 和 iPadOS 上使用了一种比 macOS 严格得多的沙盒机制&mdash;&mdash;</p>\n\n<p>即使我们闭着眼在各种权限申请弹窗中一概允许,系统底层机制也决定了代理们无法直接存取邮件和聊天,关键隐私依然安全无虞。</p>\n\n<p>只不过,如果把这种习惯延续到 Mac 上,风险就会指数级上升。</p>\n\n<p>因为Mac 其实是一台「全功能」工作站,它可以开放和自订的深度远超 iPhone / iPad。如果说同意全部权限申请在手机上还算风险可控,那在 macOS 上允许个人代理启用「完全磁碟存取」,无异于同意个人代理在未来的某天将你的身分地址资讯都悉数交出。</p>\n\n<p>而个人代理的「亲和力掩饰」,更加剧了这种风险。</p>\n\n<p>为了减轻用户的戒备心,让个人代理显得「人畜无害」,市面上几乎一切个人代理产品都专门设计了可爱的形象。比如 Grok Bot 的大眼圆球、Muse 的微笑树懒毛绒玩偶 Jolly,还有 OpenAI dots 的彩色卡通角色。</p>\n\n<p>从设计角度上看,它们无疑是成功的&mdash;&mdash;人对可爱的东西天然会放松警惕。</p>\n\n<p>但在更早的部落格文章中,John Gruber 曾警告,Muse 实际上是把一个非常强大、甚至是危险的个人代理包装成了人人都会用的可爱消费产品。</p>\n\n<p>这正是当今个人代理所处位置。面对这一处境,由系统提前收拢权限以绝后患,看上去是很合理的解决方案。但任何改变都有牺牲者&mdash;&mdash;在这里,牺牲的是开发者的乐趣。</p>\n\n<p>权限和能力总是相伴相生。早期 iOS 社群热衷于「越狱」,是因为 root 权限意味着几乎无限的自订能力;后来 Android 存在像「李跳跳」这样可以跳过开屏广告的软体,则是由于 Android 的无障碍服务(Accessibility Service)权限允许软体读取用户介面,从而模拟点击「跳过广告」按钮&mdash;&mdash;尽管代价是要让软体看见你的一切萤幕内容。</p>\n\n<p>换句话说,很多好用的软体,都建立在相信它「不作恶」的高度信任和权限开放之上。一旦有人利用这些权限「作恶」,下一步就可能是秩序崩坏,进而促使系统收紧权限,原来的功能就此作废&mdash;&mdash;例如,得益于开屏广告「摇一摇」,一些系统已经开始预设关闭陀螺仪和加速度计权限了。</p>\n\n<p>所以,在看见苹果的公告之后,John Gruber 首先担心的是自己开发的软体:「我真的很担心苹果究竟会把『完全磁碟存取』限制到什么程度。我在几个应用中使用了这项权限,如果没有它,这些应用就无法正常运行;而如果每次它们执行某项操作时都需要我手动授权,它们的功能将会受到严重影响。」</p>\n\n<p>如果 macOS 真的变得更封闭、更像 iOS,对普通用户来说固然是一种安全利好,但这同时会危及 macOS 原本已摇摇欲坠的自由度。</p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-7525.html\" title=\"里昂:记忆体产业修正可望结束 大厂释积极讯号基本面仍稳健\">里昂:记忆体产业修正可望结束 大厂释积极讯号基本面仍稳健</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-9595.html\" title=\"华尔街疯预测市场!Polymarket身价不到一年翻倍 拚破200亿美元\">华尔街疯预测市场!Polymarket身价不到一年翻倍 拚破200亿美元</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-7752.html\" title=\"OpenAI承认AI模型「叛变」!代理入侵Hugging Face、突破隔离环境发动骇客攻击\">OpenAI承认AI模型「叛变」!代理入侵Hugging Face、突破隔离环境发动骇客攻击</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-18476.html\" title=\"苹果证实iPhone 18 Pro Max爆断讯问题!受影响用户须更换手机\">苹果证实iPhone 18 Pro Max爆断讯问题!受影响用户须更换手机</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-15035.html\" title=\"逾2000美元折叠iPhone亮相后 苹果股价会跌吗?美银揭「60天规律」\">逾2000美元折叠iPhone亮相后 苹果股价会跌吗?美银揭「60天规律」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-16751.html\" title=\"还没动工就惹官司 马斯克Terafab遭要求停用名称\">还没动工就惹官司 马斯克Terafab遭要求停用名称</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-10-05T22:13:30.000Z",
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