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主动式ETF正夯,该卖掉0050跳槽吗?清流君回测打脸:抱超过15年,有8成落后大盘!

2026-09-08 21:40:32 网络 阅读(1)

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近期台股市场掀起一阵「主动式 ETF」旋风,各大投信纷纷推出标榜「经理人主动选股、汰弱留强、追求超额报酬」的全新商品。看着档档吸睛的宣传文案与短线亮丽的走势,许多原本坚定持有 0050 等被动市值型 ETF 的投资人,内心不禁开始动摇:

  • 「0050 只会傻傻照市值买,遇到弱势股也不会砍,是不是落伍了?」

  • 「主动式 ETF 有专业研究团队操盘,还能灵活避开下市风险,我是不是该把 0050 卖掉,跳槽转战主动型商品?」

对于市场上的换股焦虑,长期倡导指数化投资的达人清流君在优分析的《股民想知道》节目中斩钉截铁地表示:「主动式 ETF 我个人是完全不碰的!因为只要时间拉长,它们的长期绩效势必会落后大盘指数。」

清流君更拿出国际机构研究与台股过去 20 年的本土资料库回测,用冷静的数据「打脸」市场热潮,揭开主动式投资光鲜亮丽背后最残酷的真相。

一、标普道琼 SPIVA 报告曝光:短中天期已显露败象

很多人以为台湾股市是「散户多、浅碟型」的市场,主动选股应该很容易打败大盘。但国际权威机构标普道琼指数编撰公司(S&P Dow Jones Indices)针对台湾市场长期追踪的 SPIVA 报告,直接推翻了这个幻想:

  • 专门针对台股大型股的主动型基金进行统计,在过去 5 到 6 年的观察期间,落后大型指数的比例高达 60% 至 84%!

换言之,即便是由台湾顶尖投信团队操盘的主动型基金,光是看近 5~6 年的中期成绩单,就有六到八成的经理人缴出不如大盘的及格线成绩。

二、回测 20 年台股资料库:拉长到 15 年,逾 8 成打不赢 0050!

为了不让数据受限於单一周期,清流君亲自调阅 TEJ(台湾经济新报)共同基金资料库,进行了一场跨越 20 年(涵盖约 370 档台股主动基金)的终极回测。

关键:必须把「幸存者偏误」加进去!

清流君特别强调,很多机构的绩效统计会「美化」数据,因为他们只看目前还活着的基金。「这就像看见几家创业成功的富豪,就断言创业百分之百会发大财一样荒谬!」

在这项回测中,清流君将过去十几年间被清算、倒闭、合并、下市的台股基金通通保留在分母中,以各期期末往回推算,与 0050(含息再投入)进行对决:

  • 持有 3 年至 10 年: 主动基金赢过 0050 的机率大约是 50% 左右(一半一半)。这也是为什么主动式 ETF 刚推出 3~5 年时最容易吸金,因为此时看似还有一半的经理人能跑赢大盘。

  • 拉长至 15 年、20 年: 胜率呈现雪崩式暴跌!能战胜 0050 的主动基金只剩下 10%~20% 左右。

这项历史铁证告诉我们:只要抱得够久(超过 15 年),有高达 80% 到 90% 的主动型基金都会被 0050 狠狠甩在后头!

三、散户最爱犯的致命大忌:「看过去排行榜挑基金」

「那我不买随便的主动基金,我专挑过去 3 年或 5 年绩效排名前 3 名、前 5 名的『神仙经理人』总可以了吧?」

针对投资人这种常见的侥幸心理,清流君引用美国经典研究方法,统计了 2007 年至 2025 年底的真实数据:

  • 将市场上的基金依过去 3 年绩效切分为:赢家组(前 10%)、中间组与输家组(倒数 10%)。

  • 每组以等权重配置持有 3 年(含息再投入),再拿去跟 0050 比较。

回测结果出现了极度讽刺的一幕:

  • 赢家组依然输给大盘: 过去 3 年绩效最强的前 10% 赢家基金,虽然表现优于中间组与输家组,但累积总绩效依旧落后给 0050!

  • 被唾弃的「输家组」居然没差多少: 过去被投资人骂到臭头、绩效垫底的输家组,如果在后续持续持有,长期年化报酬竟然与赢家组非常接近。

  • 清流君警告:看过去绩效去挑主动式 ETF,是投资世界中最危险的「后见之明偏误(Hindsight Bias)」! 你误以为自己找到了事前答案,但实际上你只是选中了一个「刚好在过去 3 年押对行情的幸运儿」,而市场的均值回归很快就会让超额报酬消失殆尽。

    四、主动型 ETF 为何注定难以击败大盘?

    为什么主动型基金与主动式 ETF 随着时间拉长,绩效几乎必然劣化?核心原因有三:

  • 高昂的内扣摩擦成本: 主动型商品通常收取较高的经理费、保管费与换股周转交易成本,经理人每年还没开跑,就先落后大盘 1%~2% 的起跑线。

  • 经理人的风格漂移与更换: 神级经理人可能跳槽、退休,或是其擅长的投资风格(如小型成长股)不再受市场青睐。

  • 零和赛局的残酷现实: 市场上的机构法人越来越多,所有顶尖大脑彼此竞争扣除手续费后,整体主动资金的平均回报在数学上必然低于市场整体指数。

  • 五、什么样的人才能买主动式 ETF?

    难道主动式 ETF 真的完全一无是处吗?清流君给出明确界线:

    • 可以买的情境: 除非你深入研究过该经理人团队超过 10 年以上的完整操盘经历,并且你具备坚定不移的信念,相信他在未来 10 到 20 年都能持续打破「8成落后」的统计铁律,那你可以考虑支持。

    • 绝对不要买的情境: 如果你是抱着**「赌一把」、「看最近很红想赚波段短线」、「把它当个股在追高杀低」**的心态进场,那么历史数据证明,你大概率只会成为缴纳高额管理费的韭菜。

    结论:不要被行销包装迷惑,坚守 0050 才是致胜大道

    「最好的投资方式,往往也是最无聊的方式。」

    看着满天飞舞的主动式 ETF 广告与华丽文案,投资人切莫患了 FOMO(害怕错过)的毛病。回测 20 年的血淋淋数据已经证明:时间是被动指数投资最好的朋友,却是主动选股最大的敌人。

    如果你手头握着 0050 或 006208,根本不需要费尽心思换股跳槽。继续无视市场噪音,将资金稳稳地放在市值型大盘 ETF 里,「无脑 All-in、长期持有、捏紧捏爆」,你就能轻松击败市场上 80% 以上忙进忙出的主动选股专家!

    ※ 本文经「优分析」授权转载,原文出处:原文连结
    ※ 免责声明:文中所提的个股、基金、期货商品内容仅供参考,并非投资建议,投资人应独立判断,审慎评估风险。

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              "pid": 10,
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              "id": 61,
              "pid": 10,
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                  "pid": 61,
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              "id": 71,
              "pid": 10,
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              "pid": 34,
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              "id": 43,
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              "id": 45,
              "pid": 36,
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              "id": 46,
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              "name": "期货开户",
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              "id": 47,
              "pid": 36,
              "name": "期货交易所",
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              "status": "0",
              "listView": "list.html",
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          "level": 1
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          "id": 37,
          "pid": 10,
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          "target": "0",
          "status": "1",
          "listView": "list.html",
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          "type": "0",
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              "pid": 37,
              "name": "股票入门",
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        "description": "近期台股市场掀起一阵「主动式 ETF」旋风,各大投信纷纷推出标榜「经理人主动选股、汰弱留强、追求超额报酬」的全新商品。看着档档吸睛的宣传文案与短线亮丽的走势,许多原本坚定持有 0050 等被动市值型 ETF 的投资人,内心不禁开始动摇: 「0050 只会傻傻照市值买,遇到弱势股也不会砍,是不是落伍了?」 「主动式 ETF 有专业研究团队操盘,还能灵活避开下市风险,我是不是该把 0050 卖掉,跳槽转战主动型商品?」 对于市场上的换股焦虑,长期倡导指数化投资的达人清流君在优分析的《股民想知道》节目",
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        "content": "<img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6601148/o/8fb9afdf573233d512891d811f6a1177.jpg\" alt=\"Shutterstock\" /><p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">近期台股市场掀起一阵「主动式 ETF」旋风,各大投信纷纷推出标榜「经理人主动选股、汰弱留强、追求超额报酬」的全新商品。看着档档吸睛的宣传文案与短线亮丽的走势,许多原本坚定持有 0050 等被动市值型 ETF 的投资人,内心不禁开始动摇:</p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">「0050 只会傻傻照市值买,遇到弱势股也不会砍,是不是落伍了?」</p>\n</li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">「主动式 ETF 有专业研究团队操盘,还能灵活避开下市风险,我是不是该把 0050 卖掉,跳槽转战主动型商品?」</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">对于市场上的换股焦虑,长期倡导指数化投资的达人清流君在优分析的《股民想知道》节目中斩钉截铁地表示:「主动式 ETF 我个人是完全不碰的!因为只要时间拉长,它们的长期绩效势必会落后大盘指数。」</p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">清流君更拿出国际机构研究与台股过去 20 年的本土资料库回测,用冷静的数据「打脸」市场热潮,揭开主动式投资光鲜亮丽背后最残酷的真相。</p>\n<h2 class=\"ng-star-inserted\">一、标普道琼 SPIVA 报告曝光:短中天期已显露败象</h2>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">很多人以为台湾股市是「散户多、浅碟型」的市场,主动选股应该很容易打败大盘。但国际权威机构标普道琼指数编撰公司(S&P Dow Jones Indices)针对台湾市场长期追踪的 SPIVA 报告,直接推翻了这个幻想:</p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">专门针对台股大型股的主动型基金进行统计,在过去 5 到 6 年的观察期间,落后大型指数的比例高达 60% 至 84%!</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">换言之,即便是由台湾顶尖投信团队操盘的主动型基金,光是看近 5~6 年的中期成绩单,就有六到八成的经理人缴出不如大盘的及格线成绩。</p>\n<h2 class=\"ng-star-inserted\">二、回测 20 年台股资料库:拉长到 15 年,逾 8 成打不赢 0050!</h2>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">为了不让数据受限於单一周期,清流君亲自调阅 TEJ(台湾经济新报)共同基金资料库,进行了一场跨越 20 年(涵盖约 370 档台股主动基金)的终极回测。</p>\n<h3 class=\"ng-star-inserted\">关键:必须把「幸存者偏误」加进去!</h3>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">清流君特别强调,很多机构的绩效统计会「美化」数据,因为他们只看目前还活着的基金。「这就像看见几家创业成功的富豪,就断言创业百分之百会发大财一样荒谬!」</p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">在这项回测中,清流君将过去十几年间被清算、倒闭、合并、下市的台股基金通通保留在分母中,以各期期末往回推算,与 0050(含息再投入)进行对决:</p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">持有 3 年至 10 年: 主动基金赢过 0050 的机率大约是 50% 左右(一半一半)。这也是为什么主动式 ETF 刚推出 3~5 年时最容易吸金,因为此时看似还有一半的经理人能跑赢大盘。</p>\n</li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">拉长至 15 年、20 年: 胜率呈现雪崩式暴跌!能战胜 0050 的主动基金只剩下 10%~20% 左右。</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">这项历史铁证告诉我们:只要抱得够久(超过 15 年),有高达 80% 到 90% 的主动型基金都会被 0050 狠狠甩在后头!</p>\n<h2 class=\"ng-star-inserted\">三、散户最爱犯的致命大忌:「看过去排行榜挑基金」</h2>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">「那我不买随便的主动基金,我专挑过去 3 年或 5 年绩效排名前 3 名、前 5 名的『神仙经理人』总可以了吧?」</p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">针对投资人这种常见的侥幸心理,清流君引用美国经典研究方法,统计了 2007 年至 2025 年底的真实数据:</p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">将市场上的基金依过去 3 年绩效切分为:赢家组(前 10%)、中间组与输家组(倒数 10%)。</p>\n</li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">每组以等权重配置持有 3 年(含息再投入),再拿去跟 0050 比较。</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">回测结果出现了极度讽刺的一幕:</p>\n\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">赢家组依然输给大盘: 过去 3 年绩效最强的前 10% 赢家基金,虽然表现优于中间组与输家组,但累积总绩效依旧落后给 0050!</p>\n</li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">被唾弃的「输家组」居然没差多少: 过去被投资人骂到臭头、绩效垫底的输家组,如果在后续持续持有,长期年化报酬竟然与赢家组非常接近。</p>\n</li>\n\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">清流君警告:看过去绩效去挑主动式 ETF,是投资世界中最危险的「后见之明偏误(Hindsight Bias)」! 你误以为自己找到了事前答案,但实际上你只是选中了一个「刚好在过去 3 年押对行情的幸运儿」,而市场的均值回归很快就会让超额报酬消失殆尽。</p>\n<h2 class=\"ng-star-inserted\">四、主动型 ETF 为何注定难以击败大盘?</h2>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">为什么主动型基金与主动式 ETF 随着时间拉长,绩效几乎必然劣化?核心原因有三:</p>\n\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">高昂的内扣摩擦成本: 主动型商品通常收取较高的经理费、保管费与换股周转交易成本,经理人每年还没开跑,就先落后大盘 1%~2% 的起跑线。</p>\n</li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">经理人的风格漂移与更换: 神级经理人可能跳槽、退休,或是其擅长的投资风格(如小型成长股)不再受市场青睐。</p>\n</li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">零和赛局的残酷现实: 市场上的机构法人越来越多,所有顶尖大脑彼此竞争扣除手续费后,整体主动资金的平均回报在数学上必然低于市场整体指数。</p>\n</li>\n\n<h2 class=\"ng-star-inserted\">五、什么样的人才能买主动式 ETF?</h2>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">难道主动式 ETF 真的完全一无是处吗?清流君给出明确界线:</p>\n<ul class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">可以买的情境: 除非你深入研究过该经理人团队超过 10 年以上的完整操盘经历,并且你具备坚定不移的信念,相信他在未来 10 到 20 年都能持续打破「8成落后」的统计铁律,那你可以考虑支持。</p>\n</li>\n<li class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">绝对不要买的情境: 如果你是抱着**「赌一把」、「看最近很红想赚波段短线」、「把它当个股在追高杀低」**的心态进场,那么历史数据证明,你大概率只会成为缴纳高额管理费的韭菜。</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 class=\"ng-star-inserted\">结论:不要被行销包装迷惑,坚守 0050 才是致胜大道</h2>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">「最好的投资方式,往往也是最无聊的方式。」</p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">看着满天飞舞的主动式 ETF 广告与华丽文案,投资人切莫患了 FOMO(害怕错过)的毛病。回测 20 年的血淋淋数据已经证明:时间是被动指数投资最好的朋友,却是主动选股最大的敌人。</p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">如果你手头握着 0050 或 006208,根本不需要费尽心思换股跳槽。继续无视市场噪音,将资金稳稳地放在市值型大盘 ETF 里,「无脑 All-in、长期持有、捏紧捏爆」,你就能轻松击败市场上 80% 以上忙进忙出的主动选股专家!</p>\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\"></p><p>※ 本文经「优分析」授权转载,原文出处:<a style=\"color:#A9A9A9\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://uanalyze.com.tw/articles/7833154843\">原文连结</a>\n            <br>※ 免责声明:文中所提的个股、基金、期货商品内容仅供参考,并非投资建议,投资人应独立判断,审慎评估风险。</p>\n            <p></p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-8708.html\" title=\"广达(2382)拟发行全球存托股票筹资最高22亿美元 将于卢森堡挂牌\">广达(2382)拟发行全球存托股票筹资最高22亿美元 将于卢森堡挂牌</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-3720.html\" title=\"〈台股盘后〉台积电尾盘遭狙击掼至平盘 涨点收敛至211点 坚守4万6大关\">〈台股盘后〉台积电尾盘遭狙击掼至平盘 涨点收敛至211点 坚守4万6大关</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-11271.html\" title=\"巨亨速报 - Factset 最新调查:上银(2049-TW)EPS预估上修至9.23元,预估目标价为435.5元\">巨亨速报 - Factset 最新调查:上银(2049-TW)EPS预估上修至9.23元,预估目标价为435.5元</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-13361.html\" title=\"〈焦点股〉和硕处分景硕1.6万张处分利益近144亿元 股价抗跌有撑\">〈焦点股〉和硕处分景硕1.6万张处分利益近144亿元 股价抗跌有撑</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-14100.html\" title=\"【优分析即时新闻】联电(2303)资本支出上修33%!AI扩产讯号点火,股价爆量涨4%\">【优分析即时新闻】联电(2303)资本支出上修33%!AI扩产讯号点火,股价爆量涨4%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/tw/article-12986.html\" title=\"科科科技-KY成功返兴柜 辅导券商富邦证这样解读\">科科科技-KY成功返兴柜 辅导券商富邦证这样解读</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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        "createdAt": "2026-09-08T13:00:05.000Z",
        "updatedAt": "2026-09-08T13:40:32.000Z"
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