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美国35%委内瑞拉油权藏玄机!改用「一分钱认股权」防持股遭稀释

2026-09-05 10:28:25 网络 阅读(1)

美国政府在最新公布的委内瑞拉石油合作架构中,将所持有的35%股权设计为特殊认股权证,借此避免未来北美蓝能源伙伴(North American Blue Energy Partners, NABEP)透过增资筹措开发资金时,导致美国持股遭到稀释。一名美国政府官员周四(3日)透露,这项安排让华府即使尚未实际行使认股权,也能保有相当于35%股权的经济利益。

美国35%委内瑞拉油权藏玄机!改用「一分钱认股权」防持股遭稀释

这名官员表示,五角大厦采用的是所谓「一分钱认股权证」(penny warrants),让美国政府取得未来以象征性价格购买股权的权利,但并没有必须购买的义务。认股权证的主要目的,是确保美国在这项长期石油开发计划逐步投入数十亿甚至上千亿美元资本后,仍能取得相当于35%持股的完整经济价值。

根据这名官员的说法,认股权证将持续到油田开发达到成熟阶段,形成反稀释机制,让美国政府最终可以取得「专案成熟生产时全部价值的35%」,而不是在开发期间因其他投资人持续注资而降低持股比例。

更重要的是,美国政府即使尚未行使认股权,也可以取得股息。官员指出,这项安排等于让美国立即享有股东的经济利益,同时避免油田开发过程中的新资金募集稀释其利益。

这项安排是川普政府上周宣布的重大委内瑞拉能源协议一部分。根据白宫公布的资料,委内瑞拉临时政府已授予NABEP长达100年的特许权,涵盖17座油田,估计拥有约650亿桶已探明石油储量。NABEP由委内瑞拉商人Alejandro Betancourt控制,并将负责这些油田的营运与开发。

NABEP表示,计划投入近1000亿美元扩充委内瑞拉石油产业,重点包括马拉开波湖区域及奥里诺科油带,短期目标是让相关资产的石油产量突破每日100万桶。NABEP表示,公司目前掌握超过650亿桶委内瑞拉P1级储量的商业化权利,并计划快速提高产量。

目前NABEP表示,Betancourt过去两年透过约10亿美元自有资金投资,已将公司产量从每日约1.8万桶提高至超过20万桶,使其成为委内瑞拉第二大民营石油生产商。公司目前直接雇用超过5000人,另有超过1万名承包商员工。

除了35%股权,美国政府也取得石油采购方面的重要权利。美国国务院可按照生产成本购买NABEP目前及未来营运油田20%的产量,其余80%则享有优先购买权。白宫资料同时显示,美国政府拥有NABEP董事任命的否决权,董事会多数成员必须是美国公民,协议则适用美国法律并接受美国法院管辖。

这代表华府不仅取得经济利益,也在企业治理及原油供应方面建立直接影响力。S&P Global指出,这项协议涵盖的17个油田中,有14个属于新授予的资产,其中包括过去由中国及俄罗斯企业营运的油田。

美国政府也强调,这项交易不会直接由美国纳税人承担成本。白宫资料指出,协议将透过美国钻井设备、基础设施及炼油能力处理新增的委内瑞拉石油产量,并希望建立更具战略性及安全性的西半球能源供应链。

与此同时,五角大厦还取得另一项关键权利,即优先购买NABEP原油的权利。根据美国官员说法,20%的原油可以按照公司生产成本购买,而剩余产量则按照市场价格购买。这让美国在不必直接承担所有油田开发成本的情况下,可以取得相对稳定的原油供应。

这项安排的重要性在于委内瑞拉拥有全球规模最大的石油资源之一,但多年来受到制裁、资本不足、基础设施老化及管理问题影响,产量大幅低于历史高峰。委内瑞拉石油产量在1990年代末曾超过每日300万桶,目前约为每日110万至120万桶。

美国能源部长Chris Wright本周表示,若新的投资计划以及其他国际石油企业协议陆续落地,委内瑞拉产量在数年内可能增加一倍以上。Chevron (CVX-US)、Eni (E-US)、ONGC及GeoPark (GPRK-US)等企业近期也宣布相关投资或合作安排,显示国际能源企业正重新评估委内瑞拉市场。

其中,Eni近期与委内瑞拉国营石油公司PDVSA签署Junin 5重油田25年生产分成协议,Eni将担任营运商,预计每年投入约15亿美元,目标是将该油田产量从目前每日约1.2万桶提升至2030年的每日40万桶。这项计划也有助于Eni回收委内瑞拉积欠的超过23亿美元款项。

不过,NABEP与美国政府的合作也引发外界对治理、法律及商业风险的疑虑。Betancourt过去的商业交易曾受到美国及欧洲当局调查,但他从未被起诉,并否认任何不当行为。部分大型石油企业对这项交易仍持审慎态度,担心未来政策变化、合约稳定性及政治风险可能影响投资回报。

路透社先前报导指出,埃克森美孚(XOM-US)与康菲石油(COP-US)等曾在2007年委内瑞拉资产遭国有化后退出当地市场的企业,对于重新投入这个市场仍抱持谨慎态度。Chevron则因持续在委内瑞拉营运,成为少数已经具备当地生产经验的大型美国石油企业。

除了石油产业本身,这项交易也被视为美国试图削弱俄罗斯与中国在委内瑞拉能源领域影响力的一部分。美国能源部长Wright日前表示,与这17座油田相关的产量及收入不会由中国取得利益。

另一方面,美国政府内部也开始强化与NABEP交易相关的利益冲突防护措施。上述美国官员表示,五角大厦要求过去曾任Cerberus Capital Management高层的人员,在涉及该私募股权公司的资产交易时必须回避,所有相关交易都必须交由商务部长Howard Lutnick审查及批准。

Cerberus并未立即回应相关询问。美国国会议员此前已要求政府提高涉及Cerberus关联企业的合约透明度,并要求进一步厘清国防部副部长Steve Feinberg与Cerberus的历史关系,以及其与政府采购决策之间的界线。

整体而言,美国将35%持股设计成认股权证,而非直接持有普通股,是这项能源交易中最关键的财务结构之一。由于委内瑞拉油田开发需要庞大资本,NABEP未来势必可能需要引进更多外部资金。若采取一般股权增资,美国若直接持有35%普通股,可能被新股稀释;认股权证则让华府能在未来以极低价格补足持股比例。

因此,美国政府实际上取得了「先享受股东经济利益、后锁定股权比例」的安排,同时保留未来是否正式行使股权的弹性。对NABEP而言,这种结构也可能降低开发阶段筹集巨额资金时,美国持股与经济利益受到重新分配的风险。

在委内瑞拉计划投入近1000亿美元、并以突破每日100万桶产量为短期目标的背景下,这项反稀释安排的重要性将随着资本投入及油田价值提升而增加。

目前这项协议仍面临委内瑞拉能源产业重建速度、基础设施状况、政治风险及国际企业投资意愿等多重挑战。即使NABEP及其他国际企业迅速增加投资,委内瑞拉石油产量要从目前约每日110万至120万桶恢复至历史高峰以上,仍需要长期且庞大的资本投入。

对华府而言,这项交易的意义因此不只是取得委内瑞拉原油,而是透过股权、董事会控制权、原油采购权及长期油田特许权,将美国政府直接嵌入委内瑞拉能源产业的核心。

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          "name": "期货公司",
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    "description": "美国政府取得委内瑞拉石油开发商NABEP 35%经济权益, 却没有直接持有普通股, 而是采用「一分钱认股权证」架构, 同时取得股息与原油采购权, 防止未来增资稀释华府利益。",
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    "content": "<p>美国政府在最新公布的委内瑞拉石油合作架构中,将所持有的35%股权设计为特殊认股权证,借此避免未来北美蓝能源伙伴(North American Blue Energy Partners, NABEP)透过增资筹措开发资金时,导致美国持股遭到稀释。一名美国政府官员周四(3日)透露,这项安排让华府即使尚未实际行使认股权,也能保有相当于35%股权的经济利益。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6598319/l/e1ce1c74effc74bc83c92f844d6f282b.jpg\" alt=\"美国35%委内瑞拉油权藏玄机!改用「一分钱认股权」防持股遭稀释\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>这名官员表示,五角大厦采用的是所谓「一分钱认股权证」(penny warrants),让美国政府取得未来以象征性价格购买股权的权利,但并没有必须购买的义务。认股权证的主要目的,是确保美国在这项长期石油开发计划逐步投入数十亿甚至上千亿美元资本后,仍能取得相当于35%持股的完整经济价值。</p>\n\n<p>根据这名官员的说法,认股权证将持续到油田开发达到成熟阶段,形成反稀释机制,让美国政府最终可以取得「专案成熟生产时全部价值的35%」,而不是在开发期间因其他投资人持续注资而降低持股比例。</p>\n\n<p>更重要的是,美国政府即使尚未行使认股权,也可以取得股息。官员指出,这项安排等于让美国立即享有股东的经济利益,同时避免油田开发过程中的新资金募集稀释其利益。</p>\n\n<p>这项安排是川普政府上周宣布的重大委内瑞拉能源协议一部分。根据白宫公布的资料,委内瑞拉临时政府已授予NABEP长达100年的特许权,涵盖17座油田,估计拥有约650亿桶已探明石油储量。NABEP由委内瑞拉商人Alejandro Betancourt控制,并将负责这些油田的营运与开发。</p>\n\n<p>NABEP表示,计划投入近1000亿美元扩充委内瑞拉石油产业,重点包括马拉开波湖区域及奥里诺科油带,短期目标是让相关资产的石油产量突破每日100万桶。NABEP表示,公司目前掌握超过650亿桶委内瑞拉P1级储量的商业化权利,并计划快速提高产量。</p>\n\n<p>目前NABEP表示,Betancourt过去两年透过约10亿美元自有资金投资,已将公司产量从每日约1.8万桶提高至超过20万桶,使其成为委内瑞拉第二大民营石油生产商。公司目前直接雇用超过5000人,另有超过1万名承包商员工。</p>\n\n<p>除了35%股权,美国政府也取得石油采购方面的重要权利。美国国务院可按照生产成本购买NABEP目前及未来营运油田20%的产量,其余80%则享有优先购买权。白宫资料同时显示,美国政府拥有NABEP董事任命的否决权,董事会多数成员必须是美国公民,协议则适用美国法律并接受美国法院管辖。</p>\n\n<p>这代表华府不仅取得经济利益,也在企业治理及原油供应方面建立直接影响力。S&P Global指出,这项协议涵盖的17个油田中,有14个属于新授予的资产,其中包括过去由中国及俄罗斯企业营运的油田。</p>\n\n<p>美国政府也强调,这项交易不会直接由美国纳税人承担成本。白宫资料指出,协议将透过美国钻井设备、基础设施及炼油能力处理新增的委内瑞拉石油产量,并希望建立更具战略性及安全性的西半球能源供应链。</p>\n\n<p>与此同时,五角大厦还取得另一项关键权利,即优先购买NABEP原油的权利。根据美国官员说法,20%的原油可以按照公司生产成本购买,而剩余产量则按照市场价格购买。这让美国在不必直接承担所有油田开发成本的情况下,可以取得相对稳定的原油供应。</p>\n\n<p>这项安排的重要性在于委内瑞拉拥有全球规模最大的石油资源之一,但多年来受到制裁、资本不足、基础设施老化及管理问题影响,产量大幅低于历史高峰。委内瑞拉石油产量在1990年代末曾超过每日300万桶,目前约为每日110万至120万桶。</p>\n\n<p>美国能源部长Chris Wright本周表示,若新的投资计划以及其他国际石油企业协议陆续落地,委内瑞拉产量在数年内可能增加一倍以上。Chevron (CVX-US)、Eni (E-US)、ONGC及GeoPark (GPRK-US)等企业近期也宣布相关投资或合作安排,显示国际能源企业正重新评估委内瑞拉市场。</p>\n\n<p>其中,Eni近期与委内瑞拉国营石油公司PDVSA签署Junin 5重油田25年生产分成协议,Eni将担任营运商,预计每年投入约15亿美元,目标是将该油田产量从目前每日约1.2万桶提升至2030年的每日40万桶。这项计划也有助于Eni回收委内瑞拉积欠的超过23亿美元款项。</p>\n\n<p>不过,NABEP与美国政府的合作也引发外界对治理、法律及商业风险的疑虑。Betancourt过去的商业交易曾受到美国及欧洲当局调查,但他从未被起诉,并否认任何不当行为。部分大型石油企业对这项交易仍持审慎态度,担心未来政策变化、合约稳定性及政治风险可能影响投资回报。</p>\n\n<p>路透社先前报导指出,埃克森美孚(XOM-US)与康菲石油(COP-US)等曾在2007年委内瑞拉资产遭国有化后退出当地市场的企业,对于重新投入这个市场仍抱持谨慎态度。Chevron则因持续在委内瑞拉营运,成为少数已经具备当地生产经验的大型美国石油企业。</p>\n\n<p>除了石油产业本身,这项交易也被视为美国试图削弱俄罗斯与中国在委内瑞拉能源领域影响力的一部分。美国能源部长Wright日前表示,与这17座油田相关的产量及收入不会由中国取得利益。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,美国政府内部也开始强化与NABEP交易相关的利益冲突防护措施。上述美国官员表示,五角大厦要求过去曾任Cerberus Capital Management高层的人员,在涉及该私募股权公司的资产交易时必须回避,所有相关交易都必须交由商务部长Howard Lutnick审查及批准。</p>\n\n<p>Cerberus并未立即回应相关询问。美国国会议员此前已要求政府提高涉及Cerberus关联企业的合约透明度,并要求进一步厘清国防部副部长Steve Feinberg与Cerberus的历史关系,以及其与政府采购决策之间的界线。</p>\n\n<p>整体而言,美国将35%持股设计成认股权证,而非直接持有普通股,是这项能源交易中最关键的财务结构之一。由于委内瑞拉油田开发需要庞大资本,NABEP未来势必可能需要引进更多外部资金。若采取一般股权增资,美国若直接持有35%普通股,可能被新股稀释;认股权证则让华府能在未来以极低价格补足持股比例。</p>\n\n<p>因此,美国政府实际上取得了「先享受股东经济利益、后锁定股权比例」的安排,同时保留未来是否正式行使股权的弹性。对NABEP而言,这种结构也可能降低开发阶段筹集巨额资金时,美国持股与经济利益受到重新分配的风险。</p>\n\n<p>在委内瑞拉计划投入近1000亿美元、并以突破每日100万桶产量为短期目标的背景下,这项反稀释安排的重要性将随着资本投入及油田价值提升而增加。</p>\n\n<p>目前这项协议仍面临委内瑞拉能源产业重建速度、基础设施状况、政治风险及国际企业投资意愿等多重挑战。即使NABEP及其他国际企业迅速增加投资,委内瑞拉石油产量要从目前约每日110万至120万桶恢复至历史高峰以上,仍需要长期且庞大的资本投入。</p>\n\n<p>对华府而言,这项交易的意义因此不只是取得委内瑞拉原油,而是透过股权、董事会控制权、原油采购权及长期油田特许权,将美国政府直接嵌入委内瑞拉能源产业的核心。</p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-14226.html\" title=\"〈贵金属盘后〉非农超强Fed本月升息机率增 黄金周线收黑\">〈贵金属盘后〉非农超强Fed本月升息机率增 黄金周线收黑</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-14138.html\" title=\"巴克莱:股市对能源价格与升息敏感度回升 恐加剧秋季波动\">巴克莱:股市对能源价格与升息敏感度回升 恐加剧秋季波动</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-14179.html\" title=\"美债再迎新利空!挪威主权基金拟砍政府债权重至50% 减持美债约800亿美元\">美债再迎新利空!挪威主权基金拟砍政府债权重至50% 减持美债约800亿美元</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-14139.html\" title=\"〈陆股盘后〉三大指数开高走低 沪指一度重返3950之上 周线收黑0.6%\">〈陆股盘后〉三大指数开高走低 沪指一度重返3950之上 周线收黑0.6%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-14177.html\" title=\"川习会有戏了?传习近平罕见带企业高层赴美谈生意\">川习会有戏了?传习近平罕见带企业高层赴美谈生意</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-14119.html\" title=\"比特币重返8万美元大关 「加密寒冬」即将结束?\">比特币重返8万美元大关 「加密寒冬」即将结束?</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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