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美国预算赤字飙至近2兆美元!占GDP比例将超6%、利息支出破1.1兆美元

2026-10-09 15:09:56 网络 阅读(1)

美国财政压力持续升高。美国国会预算办公室(CBO)数据显示,截至9月30日止的2026财年,联邦预算赤字达1.993兆美元,较前一年增加12%,创2021年以来新高。尽管联邦支出持续扩大,政府收入增幅却相对有限,加上债务利息成本攀升,使美国财政整顿面临更大挑战。

美国预算赤字飙至近2兆美元!占GDP比例将超6%、利息支出破1.1兆美元

根据《华尔街日报》报导,2026财年美国赤字占国内生产毛额(GDP)的比率预计将超过6%,高于2025财年的5.8%。

历史上,赤字占GDP比率超过6%的情况通常出现在经济衰退或战争期间,但美国经济目前已连续扩张逾6年。

截至2026财年,联邦政府支出达7.4兆美元,年增6%;财政收入则为5.4兆美元,仅成长3%。

距离期中选举只剩数周,削减赤字并未成为两党竞选的核心议题,部分政策主张甚至可能进一步扩大财政缺口。

利息支出暴增 成赤字扩大的主要推手

债务利息成本持续攀升,是美国财政赤字扩大的关键因素。

CBO数据显示,2026财年美国净利息支出超过1.1兆美元,较前一年增加115亿美元,年增11%,单是利息支出的增加,就占当年赤字扩大额的一半以上。

目前,美国政府支付的利息已超过国防及联邦医疗保险(Medicare)支出,占政府全部税收收入的比率也超过五分之一。

更值得关注的是,美国公债殖利率近期大幅攀升,10年期公债殖利率一度升至24年高点,但相关影响尚未完全反映在政府预算中。

由于利率变动主要影响新发行债务,而既有债务必须等到到期再融资时才会逐步反映新的融资成本,未来几年美国政府的利息负担可能进一步加重。

关税收入不如预期 减税政策再添财政压力

川普政府与共和党掌控的国会去年曾采取多项措施,试图抑制赤字,包括缩减联邦政府员工规模、削减清洁能源税收优惠、让部分医疗补贴到期失效,以及降低食品券补助规模。然而,相关措施未能带来预期的减赤成果。

首先,川普原本寄望关税收入大幅增加,但最高法院裁定其越权后,政府被迫退款,导致净关税收入反而低于2025财年。

另一方面,共和党去年通过的《大而美法案》(One Big Beautiful Bill Act)也带来新的减税效果。2026财年企业所得税收入减少700亿美元,降幅达16%,部分原因是国会追溯提供企业研发税额减免,并扩大工厂、设备及资料中心伺服器等资产的加速折旧扣除。

此外,共和党增加移民执法支出,并延长原本即将到期的减税条款,也进一步推高财政赤字。

曾任CBO主任、现任保守派智库美国行动论坛(American Action Forum)负责人的Douglas Holtz-Eakin表示,政府原本可能让财政状况变得更糟,而部分人士确实希望采取更激进的措施。

他认为,政府至今未取得实质进展,财政政策仍缺乏明确方向。

公共债务逼近GDP规模 社福支出难以削减

持续累积的年度赤字,也让美国公共债务规模不断扩大。目前,由公众持有的联邦债务已超过GDP的100%,并逐渐逼近第二次世界大战后的历史高点。

两党政策中心经济政策副总裁Shai Akabas指出,在经济持续成长、失业率偏低,且没有重大紧急事件的情况下,政府每年仍出现约2兆美元赤字,并非可持续的财政趋势。

美国财政改革的另一项难题,在于社会安全及Medicare是联邦政府规模最大的两项支出。随着人口老化,两者支出成长速度均快于整体预算,而且在选民间享有高度支持,使削减相关支出在政治上格外困难。

两党对减赤方案分歧 期中选举成关键变数

面对赤字持续扩大,共和党与民主党虽都对财政状况表达忧虑,但对问题根源及解决方式看法不同。

参议院预算委员会主席、共和党参议员Ron Johnson批评,政府支出已经失控,但他对削减支出的呼吁未获同僚重视。

财政部长贝森特(Scott Bessent)先前曾表示,政府将提出「财政整顿」计划,目标是将赤字降至GDP的3%。

然而,川普同时承诺向每名成年美国公民发放5,000美元支票,预估总成本超过1兆美元,并计划大幅增加国防支出;他也明确表示,不会削减社会安全及Medicare相关承诺。

民主党则将焦点放在富裕阶层的税务负担。倾向民主党的智库美国进步中心(Center for American Progress)税收政策主任Corey Husak认为,政府未积极追究富裕人士逃漏税的问题,已形成缺乏问责的现象。

众议院预算委员会未来可能的主席、民主党众议员Brendan Boyle则表示,共和党在债务问题上的立场前后不一,并不代表巨额赤字的问题不存在。他主张,任何认真的财政方案,最终都必须要求亿万富翁承担更多负担。

《华尔街日报》指出,2026财年数据已反映部分共和党去年立法的影响,但其他措施,例如削减联邦医疗补助(Medicaid)支出,尚未生效。

此外,去年法律调整学生贷款还款规则,曾在2025财年一次性计入1,310亿美元支出削减,也使两个财年的比较受到技术性因素干扰。

未来美国财政政策走向,将在很大程度上取决于期中选举结果。分析人士指出,分裂政府有时可能促使两党协商财政约束方案,但也可能出现另一种情况:双方各自推动扩大支出的政策,反而让赤字进一步恶化。

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关税收入不如预期且《大而美法案》减税推高缺口,期中选举前两党对减赤方案仍分歧。",
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    "content": "<p>美国财政压力持续升高。美国国会预算办公室(CBO)数据显示,截至9月30日止的2026财年,联邦预算赤字达1.993兆美元,较前一年增加12%,创2021年以来新高。尽管联邦支出持续扩大,政府收入增幅却相对有限,加上债务利息成本攀升,使美国财政整顿面临更大挑战。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6626623/l/f065d83986ba49bc6e2364cc4c55019e.jpg\" alt=\"美国预算赤字飙至近2兆美元!占GDP比例将超6%、利息支出破1.1兆美元\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>根据《华尔街日报》报导,2026财年美国赤字占国内生产毛额(GDP)的比率预计将超过6%,高于2025财年的5.8%。</p>\n\n<p>历史上,赤字占GDP比率超过6%的情况通常出现在经济衰退或战争期间,但美国经济目前已连续扩张逾6年。</p>\n\n<p>截至2026财年,联邦政府支出达7.4兆美元,年增6%;财政收入则为5.4兆美元,仅成长3%。</p>\n\n<p>距离期中选举只剩数周,削减赤字并未成为两党竞选的核心议题,部分政策主张甚至可能进一步扩大财政缺口。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>利息支出暴增 成赤字扩大的主要推手</strong></h6>\n\n<p>债务利息成本持续攀升,是美国财政赤字扩大的关键因素。</p>\n\n<p>CBO数据显示,2026财年美国净利息支出超过1.1兆美元,较前一年增加115亿美元,年增11%,单是利息支出的增加,就占当年赤字扩大额的一半以上。</p>\n\n<p>目前,美国政府支付的利息已超过国防及联邦医疗保险(Medicare)支出,占政府全部税收收入的比率也超过五分之一。</p>\n\n<p>更值得关注的是,美国公债殖利率近期大幅攀升,10年期公债殖利率一度升至24年高点,但相关影响尚未完全反映在政府预算中。</p>\n\n<p>由于利率变动主要影响新发行债务,而既有债务必须等到到期再融资时才会逐步反映新的融资成本,未来几年美国政府的利息负担可能进一步加重。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>关税收入不如预期 减税政策再添财政压力</strong></h6>\n\n<p>川普政府与共和党掌控的国会去年曾采取多项措施,试图抑制赤字,包括缩减联邦政府员工规模、削减清洁能源税收优惠、让部分医疗补贴到期失效,以及降低食品券补助规模。然而,相关措施未能带来预期的减赤成果。</p>\n\n<p>首先,川普原本寄望关税收入大幅增加,但最高法院裁定其越权后,政府被迫退款,导致净关税收入反而低于2025财年。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,共和党去年通过的《大而美法案》(One Big Beautiful Bill Act)也带来新的减税效果。2026财年企业所得税收入减少700亿美元,降幅达16%,部分原因是国会追溯提供企业研发税额减免,并扩大工厂、设备及资料中心伺服器等资产的加速折旧扣除。</p>\n\n<p>此外,共和党增加移民执法支出,并延长原本即将到期的减税条款,也进一步推高财政赤字。</p>\n\n<p>曾任CBO主任、现任保守派智库美国行动论坛(American Action Forum)负责人的Douglas Holtz-Eakin表示,政府原本可能让财政状况变得更糟,而部分人士确实希望采取更激进的措施。</p>\n\n<p>他认为,政府至今未取得实质进展,财政政策仍缺乏明确方向。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>公共债务逼近</strong><strong>GDP</strong><strong>规模 社福支出难以削减</strong></h6>\n\n<p>持续累积的年度赤字,也让美国公共债务规模不断扩大。目前,由公众持有的联邦债务已超过GDP的100%,并逐渐逼近第二次世界大战后的历史高点。</p>\n\n<p>两党政策中心经济政策副总裁Shai Akabas指出,在经济持续成长、失业率偏低,且没有重大紧急事件的情况下,政府每年仍出现约2兆美元赤字,并非可持续的财政趋势。</p>\n\n<p>美国财政改革的另一项难题,在于社会安全及Medicare是联邦政府规模最大的两项支出。随着人口老化,两者支出成长速度均快于整体预算,而且在选民间享有高度支持,使削减相关支出在政治上格外困难。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>两党对减赤方案分歧 期中选</strong><strong>举</strong><strong>成关键变数</strong></h6>\n\n<p>面对赤字持续扩大,共和党与民主党虽都对财政状况表达忧虑,但对问题根源及解决方式看法不同。</p>\n\n<p>参议院预算委员会主席、共和党参议员Ron Johnson批评,政府支出已经失控,但他对削减支出的呼吁未获同僚重视。</p>\n\n<p>财政部长贝森特(Scott Bessent)先前曾表示,政府将提出「财政整顿」计划,目标是将赤字降至GDP的3%。</p>\n\n<p>然而,川普同时承诺向每名成年美国公民发放5,000美元支票,预估总成本超过1兆美元,并计划大幅增加国防支出;他也明确表示,不会削减社会安全及Medicare相关承诺。</p>\n\n<p>民主党则将焦点放在富裕阶层的税务负担。倾向民主党的智库美国进步中心(Center for American Progress)税收政策主任Corey Husak认为,政府未积极追究富裕人士逃漏税的问题,已形成缺乏问责的现象。</p>\n\n<p>众议院预算委员会未来可能的主席、民主党众议员Brendan Boyle则表示,共和党在债务问题上的立场前后不一,并不代表巨额赤字的问题不存在。他主张,任何认真的财政方案,最终都必须要求亿万富翁承担更多负担。</p>\n\n<p>《华尔街日报》指出,2026财年数据已反映部分共和党去年立法的影响,但其他措施,例如削减联邦医疗补助(Medicaid)支出,尚未生效。</p>\n\n<p>此外,去年法律调整学生贷款还款规则,曾在2025财年一次性计入1,310亿美元支出削减,也使两个财年的比较受到技术性因素干扰。</p>\n\n<p>未来美国财政政策走向,将在很大程度上取决于期中选举结果。分析人士指出,分裂政府有时可能促使两党协商财政约束方案,但也可能出现另一种情况:双方各自推动扩大支出的政策,反而让赤字进一步恶化。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-19493.html\" title=\"史上最大重组月底上路!683家日企逐步从东证指数剔除  逾1兆美元被动资金面临调整\">史上最大重组月底上路!683家日企逐步从东证指数剔除  逾1兆美元被动资金面临调整</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-19504.html\" title=\"人行重申:人民币汇率不设目标 无意靠贬值抢出口\">人行重申:人民币汇率不设目标 无意靠贬值抢出口</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-19533.html\" title=\"纽约Fed:川普关税推升美国消费品通膨2.9个百分点 物价压力恐延续一年\">纽约Fed:川普关税推升美国消费品通膨2.9个百分点 物价压力恐延续一年</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-19541.html\" title=\"美俄传洽谈北溪管线引入美资!德国反对重启、忧俄罗斯藉能源获利\">美俄传洽谈北溪管线引入美资!德国反对重启、忧俄罗斯藉能源获利</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-19510.html\" title=\"韩股「唯一买家」提前离场?三星、SK海力士回购即将结束\">韩股「唯一买家」提前离场?三星、SK海力士回购即将结束</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-19516.html\" title=\"传川普吁习近平见高市!敦促解除对日稀土限制、改善中日关系\">传川普吁习近平见高市!敦促解除对日稀土限制、改善中日关系</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-10-09T06:40:03.000Z",
    "updatedAt": "2026-10-09T07:09:56.000Z"
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