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全球债市爆20年最猛抛售!发生了什么事?

2026-09-02 11:02:24 网络 阅读(1)

全球债券市场正遭遇近20年来最猛烈的一波抛售,从美国、日本到澳洲、英国,主要国家长天期公债殖利率同步攀升,市场正重新评估通膨、利率与财政赤字带来的长期风险。

全球债市爆20年最猛抛售!发生了什么事?

彭博全球政府债券指数殖利率已连续4个交易日走高,升至3.72%,创2008年年中以来新高,显示这波债市重挫并非单一市场的短期震荡,而是涵盖美国、日本、澳洲及整个G10市场的全面性重新定价。

美国10年期公债殖利率周二(1日)一度升至4.78%,创2025年1月以来最高;日本10年期公债殖利率则触及3%,为1996年以来首见。

澳洲10年期公债殖利率也升至2011年以来最高,英国10年期公债殖利率则上升7个基点至5.223%,创2008年6月以来新高。

华许强调抗通膨立场 油价升破90美元加剧债市压力

这波债市抛售的近期导火线,主要来自货币政策预期转变与能源价格上升。

联准会主席华许(Kevin Warsh)上周五在杰克森霍尔全球央行年会重申抑制通膨的立场。随着市场重新评估联准会利率路径,利率交换市场对9月升息的定价机率,已从华许发表谈话前的34%升至65%。

另一方面,美伊冲突升温也推高能源市场的不确定性。市场担心荷姆兹海峡能源运输持续受到干扰,布兰特原油价格上涨1.2%,升至每桶约91.55美元。

油价上涨可能进一步强化通膨压力,让市场更加担心利率需要维持在较高水准更长时间。据报导,多名现任及前任美伊官员预期,中东冲突可能持续数月,能源价格的潜在上行压力因此难以迅速消退。

在华许发表谈话后,巴克莱与法国兴业银行也调整利率预测,将原先没有纳入预期的9月及12月升息列入基准情境。

美国债务突破40兆美元 长债供给压力成市场焦点

相较于地缘政治因素,美债殖利率走高背后还存在更深层的财政与供给问题。

美国国债规模在8月突破40兆美元,市场持续面临庞大的国债供给。同时,大型科技企业为筹措AI基础建设资金,也开始大量发行长天期公司债。9月预计还有约2000亿美元的高评级企业债进入市场,与美国公债争夺相同的资金来源。

《MarketWatch》指出,美国名目GDP年增率目前约为6.6%,实质GDP增速则为2.1%,两者差距主要反映通膨因素,GDP平减指数年增率达4.4%。

历史上,10年期美债殖利率通常高于GDP平减指数,但目前两者利差已降至历史低档,意味着长天期殖利率仍存在进一步上行的空间。

值得注意的是,这次殖利率上升主要来自实质利率走高,而非单纯由通膨预期推动。这显示债券市场要求的并不只是对抗通膨的报酬,而是更高的实质报酬率,也代表市场正在重新评估美国经济长期均衡利率水准。

此外,名目GDP增速也高于货币供给增速,货币流通速度上升,而过去这类环境往往与长天期利率走高有所关联。

美国财政部长贝森特周一(31日)表示,他与华许对规模约31.5兆美元的美国国债市场看法一致。美国财政部8月中旬已宣布扩大10年至30年期美债回购规模,但市场分析认为,当局目前的目标可能主要是稳定殖利率,而不是主动压低殖利率。

廉价资金时代正在结束、日本10年债殖利率3%

这场债市抛售的另一个核心逻辑,是全球廉价资金时代的终点。长期以来,美债的低殖利率部分依赖来自日本、欧洲等低利率经济体的廉价外资持续流入。然而,随着全球主要央行相继收紧货币政策,这项逻辑正在瓦解。

随着海外殖利率上升,美国公债对外国投资者的相对吸引力下降,尤其是在计入货币对冲成本之后,进一步增加了美债的上行压力。

彭博策略师Mark Cranfield指出,G10固定收益交易员正更加关注日本公债,澳洲债券的定价也愈来愈受到日债影响,而非单纯跟随美债走势。在通膨黏着与美国、日本、英国及法国财政赤字庞大的环境下,全球债市面临的背景并不乐观。

日本债市的变化尤其受到市场关注。

日本央行在2024年结束全球最后一项负利率政策后,日本公债殖利率持续攀升。日本10年期公债殖利率一年前约为1.5%,如今已升至3%,短短一年内几乎翻倍。

与此同时,日本公债在全球资产配置中的吸引力也正在提高。国际投资人占日本国债月度现券交易的比重,已由2009年的12%提高至约三分之二,显示日债重新成为全球投资人重要的配置选项,也代表过去部分流向美债的资金可能重新配置至日本市场。

日本自身的财政压力同样受到关注。日本首相高市早苗政府推出大规模财政支出计划,但食品消费税减税的财源仍未明确,财政永续性的疑虑进一步推升日债殖利率。

日本财务省下一会计年度的初始预算申请中,债务偿还成本已达创纪录的36.6兆日元,约合2300亿美元。

全球央行利率路径同步重估

债券市场的压力并不限于美国与日本,全球主要央行的政策预期都出现明显变化。

目前利率交换市场已完全反映欧洲央行9月10日升息的可能性;纽西兰央行本周升息机率升至98%;日本央行9月18日升息机率达92%,10月升息则已完全被市场定价。

据日本《NHK》报导,美国财政部长贝森特周一在G20财长会议期间,分别与日本财务大臣片山皋月(Satsuki Katayama)及日本央行总裁植田和男(Kazuo Ueda)会面,并明确表示日本下一步应升息。

贝森特随后接受《CNBC》访问时表示,他掌握市场不知道的资讯,并相信日本政府与日本央行将采取措施推动日元走强。

Pepperstone集团策略师Dilin Wu表示,全球主要央行的政策路径将在同一个月内陆续揭晓,可能为利率与汇市带来高度密集的重新定价。

澳洲、英国债市同步承压 全球售形成共振

澳洲债市也受到通膨数据高于预期的影响。周二,澳洲10年期公债殖利率升至2011年以来最高,交易员进一步提高对澳洲央行今年第4次升息的押注,机率升至54%。

TD Securities亚太区资深利率策略师Prashant Newnaha表示,债市目前并非失控,但已清楚反映出一项讯息:通膨越具黏性,政策利率就越可能维持在「更高、更久」的水准,而财政恶化与更高的期限溢价也将持续成为市场焦点。

季节性因素也可能让债市压力延续。《彭博》数据显示,过去10年9月与10月是全球债券指数表现最差的两个月份,平均每月跌幅都超过1%。

美债殖利率若突破5% 股市与消费恐面临压力

殖利率快速走高,也开始对股票市场及实体经济形成压力。

Dakota Wealth Management资深投资组合经理Robert Pavlik指出,10年期美债殖利率达到4.75%后,已成为投资人开始真正提高警觉的水准,市场也开始担心殖利率突破5%后可能引发股市修正。

Franklin Templeton Institute首席市场策略师Chris Galipeau则认为,目前股市仍能承受现有利率水准,但如果10年期美债殖利率突破5%,股市可能面临更大的麻烦。

债券殖利率上升同样会传导至家庭借贷成本。10年期美债是30年期房贷利率的重要定价基准,殖利率走高将直接增加购屋成本。

MetLife Investment Management首席市场策略师Drew Matus表示,当殖利率突破3.5%至4.5%的「舒适区间」后,家庭可能增加储蓄,进而对消费造成下行压力。

目前30年期美债殖利率约为5.27%,今年1月以来已有55个交易日收在5%以上,为2006年以来最多;8月中旬殖利率更一度触及5.34%,创2007年以来最高。

Natixis Investment Managers投资组合策略师Garrett Melson则指出,如果殖利率持续攀升,在近期经济硬数据转弱的背景下,股市可能面临更多逆风。不过,若市场同时看到具吸引力的实质殖利率与经济成长放缓迹象,也可能重新推动资金回流债市。

接下来市场焦点将转向美国劳动市场。本周五(4日)公布的8月非农就业报告,将成为判断联准会利率路径及全球债市下一步走向的重要观察指标。

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          "id": 43,
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          "id": 44,
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  "article": {
    "id": 13682,
    "cid": 30,
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    "title": "全球债市爆20年最猛抛售!发生了什么事?",
    "shortTitle": "全球债市爆20年最猛抛售!发生了什么事?",
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    "description": "全球债券市场掀近20年最猛烈抛售,美、日、澳、英长债殖利率同步飙升。美债10年期殖利率一度达4.78%,日债更突破3%,市场忧通膨、升息与财政赤字风险升温。",
    "img": "https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6594700/l/7f206185050a5d72abbf0a745f4ee8f2.jpg",
    "content": "<p>全球债券市场正遭遇近20年来最猛烈的一波抛售,从美国、日本到澳洲、英国,主要国家长天期公债殖利率同步攀升,市场正重新评估通膨、利率与财政赤字带来的长期风险。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6594700/l/7f206185050a5d72abbf0a745f4ee8f2.jpg\" alt=\"全球债市爆20年最猛抛售!发生了什么事?\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>彭博全球政府债券指数殖利率已连续4个交易日走高,升至3.72%,创2008年年中以来新高,显示这波债市重挫并非单一市场的短期震荡,而是涵盖美国、日本、澳洲及整个G10市场的全面性重新定价。</p>\n\n<p>美国10年期公债殖利率周二(1日)一度升至4.78%,创2025年1月以来最高;日本10年期公债殖利率则触及3%,为1996年以来首见。</p>\n\n<p>澳洲10年期公债殖利率也升至2011年以来最高,英国10年期公债殖利率则上升7个基点至5.223%,创2008年6月以来新高。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>华许强</strong><strong>调抗通膨立场</strong><strong> </strong><strong>油价升破</strong><strong>90</strong><strong>美元加剧债市压力</strong></h6>\n\n<p>这波债市抛售的近期导火线,主要来自货币政策预期转变与能源价格上升。</p>\n\n<p>联准会主席华许(Kevin Warsh)上周五在杰克森霍尔全球央行年会重申抑制通膨的立场。随着市场重新评估联准会利率路径,利率交换市场对9月升息的定价机率,已从华许发表谈话前的34%升至65%。</p>\n\n<p>另一方面,美伊冲突升温也推高能源市场的不确定性。市场担心荷姆兹海峡能源运输持续受到干扰,布兰特原油价格上涨1.2%,升至每桶约91.55美元。</p>\n\n<p>油价上涨可能进一步强化通膨压力,让市场更加担心利率需要维持在较高水准更长时间。据报导,多名现任及前任美伊官员预期,中东冲突可能持续数月,能源价格的潜在上行压力因此难以迅速消退。</p>\n\n<p>在华许发表谈话后,巴克莱与法国兴业银行也调整利率预测,将原先没有纳入预期的9月及12月升息列入基准情境。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>美国债务突破</strong><strong>40</strong><strong>兆美元</strong><strong> </strong><strong>长债供给压力成市场焦点</strong></h6>\n\n<p>相较于地缘政治因素,美债殖利率走高背后还存在更深层的财政与供给问题。</p>\n\n<p>美国国债规模在8月突破40兆美元,市场持续面临庞大的国债供给。同时,大型科技企业为筹措AI基础建设资金,也开始大量发行长天期公司债。9月预计还有约2000亿美元的高评级企业债进入市场,与美国公债争夺相同的资金来源。</p>\n\n<p>《MarketWatch》指出,美国名目GDP年增率目前约为6.6%,实质GDP增速则为2.1%,两者差距主要反映通膨因素,GDP平减指数年增率达4.4%。</p>\n\n<p>历史上,10年期美债殖利率通常高于GDP平减指数,但目前两者利差已降至历史低档,意味着长天期殖利率仍存在进一步上行的空间。</p>\n\n<p>值得注意的是,这次殖利率上升主要来自实质利率走高,而非单纯由通膨预期推动。这显示债券市场要求的并不只是对抗通膨的报酬,而是更高的实质报酬率,也代表市场正在重新评估美国经济长期均衡利率水准。</p>\n\n<p>此外,名目GDP增速也高于货币供给增速,货币流通速度上升,而过去这类环境往往与长天期利率走高有所关联。</p>\n\n<p>美国财政部长贝森特周一(31日)表示,他与华许对规模约31.5兆美元的美国国债市场看法一致。美国财政部8月中旬已宣布扩大10年至30年期美债回购规模,但市场分析认为,当局目前的目标可能主要是稳定殖利率,而不是主动压低殖利率。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>廉价资金时代正在结束、日本</strong><strong>10</strong><strong>年债殖利率</strong><strong>飙</strong><strong>至</strong><strong>3%</strong></h6>\n\n<p>这场债市抛售的另一个核心逻辑,是全球廉价资金时代的终点。长期以来,美债的低殖利率部分依赖来自日本、欧洲等低利率经济体的廉价外资持续流入。然而,随着全球主要央行相继收紧货币政策,这项逻辑正在瓦解。</p>\n\n<p>随着海外殖利率上升,美国公债对外国投资者的相对吸引力下降,尤其是在计入货币对冲成本之后,进一步增加了美债的上行压力。</p>\n\n<p>彭博策略师Mark Cranfield指出,G10固定收益交易员正更加关注日本公债,澳洲债券的定价也愈来愈受到日债影响,而非单纯跟随美债走势。在通膨黏着与美国、日本、英国及法国财政赤字庞大的环境下,全球债市面临的背景并不乐观。</p>\n\n<p>日本债市的变化尤其受到市场关注。</p>\n\n<p>日本央行在2024年结束全球最后一项负利率政策后,日本公债殖利率持续攀升。日本10年期公债殖利率一年前约为1.5%,如今已升至3%,短短一年内几乎翻倍。</p>\n\n<p>与此同时,日本公债在全球资产配置中的吸引力也正在提高。国际投资人占日本国债月度现券交易的比重,已由2009年的12%提高至约三分之二,显示日债重新成为全球投资人重要的配置选项,也代表过去部分流向美债的资金可能重新配置至日本市场。</p>\n\n<p>日本自身的财政压力同样受到关注。日本首相高市早苗政府推出大规模财政支出计划,但食品消费税减税的财源仍未明确,财政永续性的疑虑进一步推升日债殖利率。</p>\n\n<p>日本财务省下一会计年度的初始预算申请中,债务偿还成本已达创纪录的36.6兆日元,约合2300亿美元。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>全球央行利率路径同步重估</strong></h6>\n\n<p>债券市场的压力并不限于美国与日本,全球主要央行的政策预期都出现明显变化。</p>\n\n<p>目前利率交换市场已完全反映欧洲央行9月10日升息的可能性;纽西兰央行本周升息机率升至98%;日本央行9月18日升息机率达92%,10月升息则已完全被市场定价。</p>\n\n<p>据日本《NHK》报导,美国财政部长贝森特周一在G20财长会议期间,分别与日本财务大臣片山皋月(Satsuki Katayama)及日本央行总裁植田和男(Kazuo Ueda)会面,并明确表示日本下一步应升息。</p>\n\n<p>贝森特随后接受《CNBC》访问时表示,他掌握市场不知道的资讯,并相信日本政府与日本央行将采取措施推动日元走强。</p>\n\n<p>Pepperstone集团策略师Dilin Wu表示,全球主要央行的政策路径将在同一个月内陆续揭晓,可能为利率与汇市带来高度密集的重新定价。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>澳洲、英国债市同步承压</strong><strong> </strong><strong>全球</strong><strong>抛</strong><strong>售形成共振</strong></h6>\n\n<p>澳洲债市也受到通膨数据高于预期的影响。周二,澳洲10年期公债殖利率升至2011年以来最高,交易员进一步提高对澳洲央行今年第4次升息的押注,机率升至54%。</p>\n\n<p>TD Securities亚太区资深利率策略师Prashant Newnaha表示,债市目前并非失控,但已清楚反映出一项讯息:通膨越具黏性,政策利率就越可能维持在「更高、更久」的水准,而财政恶化与更高的期限溢价也将持续成为市场焦点。</p>\n\n<p>季节性因素也可能让债市压力延续。《彭博》数据显示,过去10年9月与10月是全球债券指数表现最差的两个月份,平均每月跌幅都超过1%。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>美债殖利率若突破</strong><strong>5% </strong><strong>股市与消费恐面临压力</strong></h6>\n\n<p>殖利率快速走高,也开始对股票市场及实体经济形成压力。</p>\n\n<p>Dakota Wealth Management资深投资组合经理Robert Pavlik指出,10年期美债殖利率达到4.75%后,已成为投资人开始真正提高警觉的水准,市场也开始担心殖利率突破5%后可能引发股市修正。</p>\n\n<p>Franklin Templeton Institute首席市场策略师Chris Galipeau则认为,目前股市仍能承受现有利率水准,但如果10年期美债殖利率突破5%,股市可能面临更大的麻烦。</p>\n\n<p>债券殖利率上升同样会传导至家庭借贷成本。10年期美债是30年期房贷利率的重要定价基准,殖利率走高将直接增加购屋成本。</p>\n\n<p>MetLife Investment Management首席市场策略师Drew Matus表示,当殖利率突破3.5%至4.5%的「舒适区间」后,家庭可能增加储蓄,进而对消费造成下行压力。</p>\n\n<p>目前30年期美债殖利率约为5.27%,今年1月以来已有55个交易日收在5%以上,为2006年以来最多;8月中旬殖利率更一度触及5.34%,创2007年以来最高。</p>\n\n<p>Natixis Investment Managers投资组合策略师Garrett Melson则指出,如果殖利率持续攀升,在近期经济硬数据转弱的背景下,股市可能面临更多逆风。不过,若市场同时看到具吸引力的实质殖利率与经济成长放缓迹象,也可能重新推动资金回流债市。</p>\n\n<p>接下来市场焦点将转向美国劳动市场。本周五(4日)公布的8月非农就业报告,将成为判断联准会利率路径及全球债市下一步走向的重要观察指标。</p><div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-13624.html\" title=\"中国商品淹向全球!美国要G20联手提高贸易壁垒\">中国商品淹向全球!美国要G20联手提高贸易壁垒</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-13620.html\" title=\"荷姆兹海峡石油突围术曝光!船对船接力运油 亚洲买家愿付溢价\">荷姆兹海峡石油突围术曝光!船对船接力运油 亚洲买家愿付溢价</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-13680.html\" title=\"美军首度轰伊朗油轮!川普「以油轮对油轮」政策上路、猛轰100个目标\">美军首度轰伊朗油轮!川普「以油轮对油轮」政策上路、猛轰100个目标</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-13627.html\" title=\"HBM现货价狂飙 三星7成产能锁到2031年 长约价仅现货20%\">HBM现货价狂飙 三星7成产能锁到2031年 长约价仅现货20%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-13662.html\" title=\"中国反对四项内容 G20财长会议未能发布「联合公报」\">中国反对四项内容 G20财长会议未能发布「联合公报」</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/hour/article-13688.html\" 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    "createdAt": "2026-09-02T02:06:14.000Z",
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