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南韩砸800兆韩元建晶片集群 美国不满:为何不把工厂盖在美国?

2026-08-25 12:36:08 网络 阅读(1)

美国对南韩的半导体投资施压持续升高。最新消息指出,美方近期要求南韩政府与半导体企业扩大在美国的记忆体晶片生产设施投资,并确保稳定供应记忆体产品,同时罕见对南韩政府主导、规模高达800兆韩元的湖南半导体集群计划表达不满,认为首尔一方面积极扶植国内半导体投资,另一方面却迟迟未能提出具体的赴美半导体投资方案,形成明显落差。

南韩砸800兆韩元建晶片集群 美国不满:为何不把工厂盖在美国?

南韩《朝鲜日报》25日报导,这是美方迄今首次在要求南韩扩大半导体投资的过程中,直接提及南韩政府主导的「超大型计划」。知情的南韩执政党人士透露,美方近期透过正式与非正式管道,要求南韩企业投资美国本土的记忆体晶圆厂,同时保障记忆体供应量。该人士表示,在南韩政府宣布推动湖南半导体超大型计划后,美方对南韩半导体投资的施压明显加剧。

不过,另一名相关人士指出,美方的不满并非直接反对湖南半导体集群本身,而是认为南韩企业在美国的半导体投资计划迟迟没有明确落地。换言之,美方关切的是南韩是否将大量资源优先投入国内,而未能以相同速度扩充美国的半导体产能。

南韩政府6月底正式公布「三大超大型计划」,其中半导体部分规划在光州与全罗道等西南部地区打造新的半导体生产基地,预计吸引企业投资800兆韩元(约5,179亿美元),建设4座记忆体晶圆厂,使该地区成为继首都圈之后的南韩第二大半导体聚落。南韩政府表示,随着AI带动晶片需求快速成长,单一依赖首都圈的生产基地已不足以支应未来需求,加上既有产业聚落面临电力与用水限制,因此必须建立新的生产据点。

这项规模空前的投资计划也面临庞大的基础设施挑战。路透7月报导,湖南半导体集群规划的4座晶圆厂用电量可能相当于该地区目前全年用电量的80%,用水需求甚至可能超过光州市所有住宅用水量。当地政府与中央政府正在研议包括新建输电网、调整水坝运作、使用再生水,以及小型模组化核反应炉等方案,但输电线路与核能设施也引发地方居民反弹。

就在南韩积极推动国内超大型半导体投资之际,美国对取得本土记忆体产能的需求也正在增加。美国商务部长卢特尼克(Howard Lutnick)7月出席美光(MU-US)生产设施活动时,曾公开点名三星电子与SK海力士,表示两家公司都有意在美国兴建工厂,并称美方已与两家公司展开讨论。

美方同时要求南韩企业提供稳定的记忆体供应。随着全球记忆体市场因AI伺服器、高频宽记忆体(HBM)与资料中心需求快速成长,美国企业愈来愈倾向与南韩供应商签署长期供应协议(LTA),甚至支付订金以提前锁定供货量。在美国限制中国半导体进口与强化供应链安全的背景下,南韩记忆体业者的重要性也进一步上升。

不过,对三星电子与SK海力士而言,美方要求意味着新的投资压力。三星电子已在美国德州泰勒市投资超过370亿美元建设晶圆代工厂,SK海力士则正推进印第安纳州先进封装厂计划,投资额约38.7亿美元。若美国进一步要求两家公司在当地建立大型记忆体晶圆厂,将使两家企业同时面临南韩国内与海外的庞大资本支出。

这也是南韩企业目前最担心的「双重投资」问题。一方面,企业必须承接800兆韩元湖南半导体集群的长期建设任务;另一方面,若美方将投资要求进一步正式化,南韩晶片大厂还可能需要追加数百亿美元,在美国建立新的记忆体产能。

南韩政府目前则试图将美国的半导体投资要求,与两国既有的3,500亿美元对美投资协议切割处理。根据双方去年达成的协议,南韩承诺在美国投资3,500亿美元,其中1,500亿美元将用于造船合作,另外2,000亿美元则用于其他战略性投资,两国仍在协商具体项目与执行方式。

南韩政府强调,美方提出的半导体投资要求属于另一项议题,不应与既有的3,500亿美元投资框架混为一谈。南韩产业通商资源部长官金正官日前赴美进行紧急访问,并与卢特尼克等美方官员进行多轮协商,返国后表示双方已取得「重大且有意义的进展」,首批对美战略投资计划预计将于9月公布。

值得注意的是,金正官20日返抵南韩后曾表示,这次与卢特尼克的会谈主要聚焦能源领域,并未讨论半导体。不过,《朝鲜日报》报导显示,美国对南韩企业在美投资记忆体产能的要求,可能透过其他正式与非正式管道持续进行,未来仍可能成为两国投资谈判最后阶段的重要变数。

随着压力升高,南韩政商高层近期密集互动。SK集团会长崔泰源20日已与南韩总统李在明举行非公开晚宴,三星电子会长李在镕与现代汽车(HYMTF-US)集团会长郑义宣也传出正安排与李在明会面。南韩政界人士指出,这些会面仓促安排的主要背景之一,就是企业希望直接向政府反映美国投资要求所带来的沉重负担,并讨论如何协调国内外投资优先顺序。

对南韩半导体产业而言,问题不只是单纯增加资本支出,而是全球产能布局可能被美国产业政策重新塑造。南韩企业若将更多资金投入美国,有助于巩固进入美国市场的资格并降低地缘政治风险,但同时也可能分散原本规划投入湖南集群的资源,增加技术人才、电力、用水与设备调度的难度。

尤其AI带动的记忆体需求正处于强劲成长期,三星电子与SK海力士不仅要持续扩充传统DRAM与NAND产能,也必须投入大量资本发展HBM等高阶产品。路透日前报导,南韩晶片产业景气强劲,三星电子与SK海力士受惠于AI带动的半导体超级循环,已成为南韩企业获利与政府税收的重要来源。

此外,三星电子与SK海力士在中国仍设有大型记忆体生产基地,也正面临美国出口管制政策的不确定性。两家公司近期传出评估部分中国半导体设备,作为美国进一步收紧设备出口限制时的备用方案,反映南韩记忆体大厂必须同时在美国、中国与南韩之间调整供应链与投资布局。

因此,美方此次直接将南韩800兆韩元湖南半导体计划与赴美投资问题挂钩,也凸显全球半导体竞争正从技术与产能竞赛,进一步延伸至企业资本配置的主导权争夺。对三星电子、SK海力士等企业而言,未来最大的挑战可能不是决定是否继续扩产,而是如何在美国要求供应链在地化、南韩政府希望打造第二个半导体中心,以及中国市场与既有生产基地仍具战略重要性的情况下,同时满足各方需求。

随着南韩政府预计9月公布首批对美投资项目,美国是否进一步将「美国本土记忆体晶圆厂」列入谈判条件,以及三星电子与SK海力士是否需要追加新的美国投资,将成为观察美韩半导体合作下一阶段的重要焦点。

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    "title": "南韩砸800兆韩元建晶片集群 美国不满:为何不把工厂盖在美国?",
    "shortTitle": "南韩砸800兆韩元建晶片集群 美国不满:为何不把工厂盖在美国",
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    "description": "美国加大对南韩半导体投资施压,要求企业赴美兴建记忆体工厂并保障供应,更罕见点名800兆韩元湖南半导体集群。三星与SK海力士恐同时承受南韩扩产与美国建厂的双重资本压力。",
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    "content": "<p>美国对南韩的半导体投资施压持续升高。最新消息指出,美方近期要求南韩政府与半导体企业扩大在美国的记忆体晶片生产设施投资,并确保稳定供应记忆体产品,同时罕见对南韩政府主导、规模高达800兆韩元的湖南半导体集群计划表达不满,认为首尔一方面积极扶植国内半导体投资,另一方面却迟迟未能提出具体的赴美半导体投资方案,形成明显落差。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6585954/l/4cf85d6a790f608987530fd11d7c412a.jpg\" alt=\"南韩砸800兆韩元建晶片集群 美国不满:为何不把工厂盖在美国?\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>南韩《朝鲜日报》25日报导,这是美方迄今首次在要求南韩扩大半导体投资的过程中,直接提及南韩政府主导的「超大型计划」。知情的南韩执政党人士透露,美方近期透过正式与非正式管道,要求南韩企业投资美国本土的记忆体晶圆厂,同时保障记忆体供应量。该人士表示,在南韩政府宣布推动湖南半导体超大型计划后,美方对南韩半导体投资的施压明显加剧。</p>\n\n<p>不过,另一名相关人士指出,美方的不满并非直接反对湖南半导体集群本身,而是认为南韩企业在美国的半导体投资计划迟迟没有明确落地。换言之,美方关切的是南韩是否将大量资源优先投入国内,而未能以相同速度扩充美国的半导体产能。</p>\n\n<p>南韩政府6月底正式公布「三大超大型计划」,其中半导体部分规划在光州与全罗道等西南部地区打造新的半导体生产基地,预计吸引企业投资800兆韩元(约5,179亿美元),建设4座记忆体晶圆厂,使该地区成为继首都圈之后的南韩第二大半导体聚落。南韩政府表示,随着AI带动晶片需求快速成长,单一依赖首都圈的生产基地已不足以支应未来需求,加上既有产业聚落面临电力与用水限制,因此必须建立新的生产据点。</p>\n\n<p>这项规模空前的投资计划也面临庞大的基础设施挑战。路透7月报导,湖南半导体集群规划的4座晶圆厂用电量可能相当于该地区目前全年用电量的80%,用水需求甚至可能超过光州市所有住宅用水量。当地政府与中央政府正在研议包括新建输电网、调整水坝运作、使用再生水,以及小型模组化核反应炉等方案,但输电线路与核能设施也引发地方居民反弹。</p>\n\n<p>就在南韩积极推动国内超大型半导体投资之际,美国对取得本土记忆体产能的需求也正在增加。美国商务部长卢特尼克(Howard Lutnick)7月出席美光(MU-US)生产设施活动时,曾公开点名三星电子与SK海力士,表示两家公司都有意在美国兴建工厂,并称美方已与两家公司展开讨论。</p>\n\n<p>美方同时要求南韩企业提供稳定的记忆体供应。随着全球记忆体市场因AI伺服器、高频宽记忆体(HBM)与资料中心需求快速成长,美国企业愈来愈倾向与南韩供应商签署长期供应协议(LTA),甚至支付订金以提前锁定供货量。在美国限制中国半导体进口与强化供应链安全的背景下,南韩记忆体业者的重要性也进一步上升。</p>\n\n<p>不过,对三星电子与SK海力士而言,美方要求意味着新的投资压力。三星电子已在美国德州泰勒市投资超过370亿美元建设晶圆代工厂,SK海力士则正推进印第安纳州先进封装厂计划,投资额约38.7亿美元。若美国进一步要求两家公司在当地建立大型记忆体晶圆厂,将使两家企业同时面临南韩国内与海外的庞大资本支出。</p>\n\n<p>这也是南韩企业目前最担心的「双重投资」问题。一方面,企业必须承接800兆韩元湖南半导体集群的长期建设任务;另一方面,若美方将投资要求进一步正式化,南韩晶片大厂还可能需要追加数百亿美元,在美国建立新的记忆体产能。</p>\n\n<p>南韩政府目前则试图将美国的半导体投资要求,与两国既有的3,500亿美元对美投资协议切割处理。根据双方去年达成的协议,南韩承诺在美国投资3,500亿美元,其中1,500亿美元将用于造船合作,另外2,000亿美元则用于其他战略性投资,两国仍在协商具体项目与执行方式。</p>\n\n<p>南韩政府强调,美方提出的半导体投资要求属于另一项议题,不应与既有的3,500亿美元投资框架混为一谈。南韩产业通商资源部长官金正官日前赴美进行紧急访问,并与卢特尼克等美方官员进行多轮协商,返国后表示双方已取得「重大且有意义的进展」,首批对美战略投资计划预计将于9月公布。</p>\n\n<p>值得注意的是,金正官20日返抵南韩后曾表示,这次与卢特尼克的会谈主要聚焦能源领域,并未讨论半导体。不过,《朝鲜日报》报导显示,美国对南韩企业在美投资记忆体产能的要求,可能透过其他正式与非正式管道持续进行,未来仍可能成为两国投资谈判最后阶段的重要变数。</p>\n\n<p>随着压力升高,南韩政商高层近期密集互动。SK集团会长崔泰源20日已与南韩总统李在明举行非公开晚宴,三星电子会长李在镕与现代汽车(HYMTF-US)集团会长郑义宣也传出正安排与李在明会面。南韩政界人士指出,这些会面仓促安排的主要背景之一,就是企业希望直接向政府反映美国投资要求所带来的沉重负担,并讨论如何协调国内外投资优先顺序。</p>\n\n<p>对南韩半导体产业而言,问题不只是单纯增加资本支出,而是全球产能布局可能被美国产业政策重新塑造。南韩企业若将更多资金投入美国,有助于巩固进入美国市场的资格并降低地缘政治风险,但同时也可能分散原本规划投入湖南集群的资源,增加技术人才、电力、用水与设备调度的难度。</p>\n\n<p>尤其AI带动的记忆体需求正处于强劲成长期,三星电子与SK海力士不仅要持续扩充传统DRAM与NAND产能,也必须投入大量资本发展HBM等高阶产品。路透日前报导,南韩晶片产业景气强劲,三星电子与SK海力士受惠于AI带动的半导体超级循环,已成为南韩企业获利与政府税收的重要来源。</p>\n\n<p>此外,三星电子与SK海力士在中国仍设有大型记忆体生产基地,也正面临美国出口管制政策的不确定性。两家公司近期传出评估部分中国半导体设备,作为美国进一步收紧设备出口限制时的备用方案,反映南韩记忆体大厂必须同时在美国、中国与南韩之间调整供应链与投资布局。</p>\n\n<p>因此,美方此次直接将南韩800兆韩元湖南半导体计划与赴美投资问题挂钩,也凸显全球半导体竞争正从技术与产能竞赛,进一步延伸至企业资本配置的主导权争夺。对三星电子、SK海力士等企业而言,未来最大的挑战可能不是决定是否继续扩产,而是如何在美国要求供应链在地化、南韩政府希望打造第二个半导体中心,以及中国市场与既有生产基地仍具战略重要性的情况下,同时满足各方需求。</p>\n\n<p>随着南韩政府预计9月公布首批对美投资项目,美国是否进一步将「美国本土记忆体晶圆厂」列入谈判条件,以及三星电子与SK海力士是否需要追加新的美国投资,将成为观察美韩半导体合作下一阶段的重要焦点。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-9235.html\" title=\"Kimi K3发布后美AI股市值蒸发4700亿美元 矽谷惊叹中国AI崛起速度\">Kimi K3发布后美AI股市值蒸发4700亿美元 矽谷惊叹中国AI崛起速度</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-7370.html\" title=\"韩矽晶圆厂SK矽特隆清算美国子公司SiC产能 欲藉2.3兆韩元新厂抢抓算力晶片需求\">韩矽晶圆厂SK矽特隆清算美国子公司SiC产能 欲藉2.3兆韩元新厂抢抓算力晶片需求</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-10832.html\" title=\"中国国产AI晶片 今年国内市占率有望接近90%\">中国国产AI晶片 今年国内市占率有望接近90%</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-2340.html\" title=\"全球最强晶片散热技术诞生!韩KAIST突破性液冷散热技术问世 极端发热控温100℃内\">全球最强晶片散热技术诞生!韩KAIST突破性液冷散热技术问世 极端发热控温100℃内</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-12346.html\" title=\"小米全新REDMI Note 17系列8/28登台 主打史上最大电量强攻下半年市占\">小米全新REDMI Note 17系列8/28登台 主打史上最大电量强攻下半年市占</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/AI/article-11563.html\" title=\"DeepSeek今天正式涨价 采用峰谷定价\">DeepSeek今天正式涨价 采用峰谷定价</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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