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美国拟管制AI「算力」!中国AI透过海外数据中心租用辉达GB300、月之暗面遭点名

2026-08-30 14:40:39 网络 阅读(1)

美国政府对中国人工智慧(AI)产业的晶片管制,正从「限制晶片出口」进一步延伸至「限制算力使用」。其中,中国AI公司月之暗面(Moonshot AI)更是直接被点名。

美国拟管制AI「算力」!中国AI透过海外数据中心租用辉达GB300、月之暗面遭点名

根据《The Information》报导,川普政府正在研拟一项针对AI晶片的新规则,目标锁定中国AI公司透过海外数据中心,远端使用美国先进AI晶片所提供的计算能力。

这项规则目前尚未公布具体条文,但其政策背景已逐渐浮现。《CNBC》日前报导,多家中国AI公司目前透过泰国、马来西亚、日本等地的云端服务商,取得包括辉达(NVDA-US) GB300在内的受管制晶片算力。

问题在于,美国现行出口管制主要追踪的是晶片本身的「流向」,并未直接限制晶片算力遭海外客户远端租用的情况。

从管晶片到管算力 美国出口管制出现新缺口

美国对中国先进半导体的管制始于2022年10月7日。美国商务美国工业和安全局(BIS)当时发布《半导体出口管制临时最终规则》,限制向中国出口超过600 TOPS性能的晶片及相关制造设备。

这项政策也迫使辉达调整对中国市场的产品策略。由于A100、H100无法直接出口中国,辉达在FY2023 10-K中披露,并因此认列4亿美元库存减值,后续推出A800、H800等符合当时管制要求的版本。

然而,管制范围很快再次收紧。2023年10月,BIS将相关性能门槛下调至4800 TOPS,进一步堵住A800、H800等产品的管制漏洞;2024年11月,美国又将先进封装与EDA软体纳入相关管制。

但过去这些措施的核心仍是「出口」、「再出口」及「转让」。换言之,只要先进晶片没有实际被出口或再出口到中国,单纯透过海外数据中心提供远端算力,便可能落在既有规范之外。

这正成为美国政府目前试图补上的缺口。

中国AI透过海外云端取得算力 Moonshot AI遭点名

《CNBC》报导指出,中国AI企业正在利用东南亚及其他海外地区的云端基础设施取得先进晶片算力。

白宫官员Michael Kratsios 7月曾公开点名月之暗面(Moonshot AI),指其利用泰国一处数据中心内的GB300晶片。

此外,《CNBC》引述知情人士指出,字节跳动与新加坡云端服务商Aolani合作,在马来西亚取得辉达晶片提供的算力;阿里巴巴(09988-HK) 与腾讯(00700-HK) 也被指采取类似安排。

Aolani则表示,其客户并不拥有支撑相关服务的晶片,也没有未来取得晶片的权利或实体存取权;客户对该公司的服务、基础设施及技术进行的任何授权存取,都完全符合适用法规。

这也凸显美国政府目前面临的核心问题:从现行出口管制的文字来看,这类模式并不一定涉及晶片的出口或再出口,因此未必直接违反既有规定。

「远端存取安全法案」已在众议院过关

美国国会也已开始针对远端算力存取建立新的法律框架。

《远端存取安全法案》(Remote Access Security Act,RASA)今年1月已在众议院通过,目前仍停留在参议院。法案计划授权美国政府对受管制硬体与软体的远端云端存取实施出口管制,同时要求云端服务商执行客户身分验证(KYC)。

新美国安全中心技术与国家安全访问学者Michelle Nie表示,美国晶片出口管制的目的,在于阻止中国利用美国先进晶片训练尖端AI,而远端存取模式正对这项政策目标形成威胁。

不过,她也指出,RASA本身只是赋予政府相关权限,后续仍需要BIS制定具体规则,包括哪些计算工作受到限制、哪些使用者不得存取,以及云端服务商应如何执行有效的KYC。

AI政策与战略研究所(AI Policy & Strategy Institute)计算政策团队高级研究员Cassia Kim则认为,真正困难之处在于制定出既有效又能实际执行的规范。

东南亚大型数据中心恐面临重新评估

如果美国最终将管制范围从晶片本身延伸至算力使用,受到影响的可能不只是中国AI公司,海外云端服务商及数据中心业者同样可能面临更高的合规要求。

白宫向《CNBC》表示,川普政府已建立「现代史上最严格的出口管制体系」,并仍将保护美国国家与经济安全列为政策重点。

与此同时,全球数据中心产业仍处于快速扩张阶段。仲量联行估计,到2030年全球数据中心容量将增加一倍至约200GW。

在马来西亚、印尼及泰国,目前规划中的大型数据中心项目中,容量超过100MW的项目共有31个,但目前实际运作的仅有2个。

若未来美国开始对「算力跨境租用」进行管制,部分建立在跨境算力需求上的数据中心商业模式,可能因此需要重新评估。

中国本土算力替代压力升高

面对美国持续收紧的先进晶片管制,中国也在加大本土半导体产业投入。

2024年5月,中国国家积体电路产业投资基金三期承诺投入约475亿美元,主要投向中芯国际(00981-HK) 、长鑫科技(688825-CN) 、长江存储及华为海思等企业。

在无法取得艾司摩尔(ASML-US) EUV设备的情况下,中芯国际利用DUV多重曝光技术实现7nm级制程量产,但在良率方面仍与台积电存在差距,5nm则被业界分析认为在商业上仍不可行。

华为升腾910B、910C及910D则由海思设计、中芯国际代工。BIS在2025年5月发布的通用禁令10指南中认定,这些晶片使用美国技术且未获授权,因此任何使用、出口、再出口或维修相关晶片的行为,都可能构成持续违反美国《出口管理条例》(EAR)。

SemiAnalysis估计,华为在2020年遭台积电(2330-TW) 断供前,从台积电取得约290万颗升腾裸片。这批晶片属于既有库存,后续新增供应则必须依靠自身产线。

海外「算力外挂」空间可能遭进一步压缩

即使晶片取得受到限制,中国AI模型的发展并未因此停滞。

月之暗面的Kimi K3、DeepSeek以及阿里巴巴近期推出的AI模型,仍在基准测试中展现出色表现。

《CNBC》引述业界人士指出,透过海外云端服务取得先进计算资源,是中国AI模型能力提升的重要因素之一。

但随着美国政府开始将注意力从「晶片在哪里」转向「谁正在使用这些晶片提供的算力」,这条海外算力通道正面临新的政策压力。

目前新规最终内容仍未确定,但可以确定的是,美国AI晶片出口管制的政策焦点正在扩大。过去以实体晶片流向为核心的管制框架,若进一步延伸至远端算力存取,将使中国AI企业取得先进计算资源的方式面临更大的限制。

对中国AI产业而言,海外算力可以提供额外的计算资源,但这条「外挂」通道本身并非稳固的长期基础。随着美国收紧管制,中国本土算力与自主供应能力的重要性也将进一步凸显。

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    "content": "<p>美国政府对中国人工智慧(AI)产业的晶片管制,正从「限制晶片出口」进一步延伸至「限制算力使用」。其中,中国AI公司月之暗面(Moonshot AI)更是直接被点名。</p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><img src=\"https://cimg.cnyes.cool/prod/news/6591738/l/62db10e07977f4ed54b8917d71882262.jpg\" alt=\"美国拟管制AI「算力」!中国AI透过海外数据中心租用辉达GB300、月之暗面遭点名\" style=\"width:50%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:15px auto;display:block;\"></p>\n\n\n<p>根据《The Information》报导,川普政府正在研拟一项针对AI晶片的新规则,目标锁定中国AI公司透过海外数据中心,远端使用美国先进AI晶片所提供的计算能力。</p>\n\n<p>这项规则目前尚未公布具体条文,但其政策背景已逐渐浮现。《CNBC》日前报导,多家中国AI公司目前透过泰国、马来西亚、日本等地的云端服务商,取得包括辉达(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:NVDA:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">NVDA-US</a>) GB300在内的受管制晶片算力。</p>\n\n<p>问题在于,美国现行出口管制主要追踪的是晶片本身的「流向」,并未直接限制晶片算力遭海外客户远端租用的情况。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>从管晶片到管算力 美国出口管制出现新缺口</strong></h6>\n\n<p>美国对中国先进半导体的管制始于2022年10月7日。美国商务美国工业和安全局(BIS)当时发布《半导体出口管制临时最终规则》,限制向中国出口超过600 TOPS性能的晶片及相关制造设备。</p>\n\n<p>这项政策也迫使辉达调整对中国市场的产品策略。由于A100、H100无法直接出口中国,辉达在FY2023 10-K中披露,并因此认列4亿美元库存减值,后续推出A800、H800等符合当时管制要求的版本。</p>\n\n<p>然而,管制范围很快再次收紧。2023年10月,BIS将相关性能门槛下调至4800 TOPS,进一步堵住A800、H800等产品的管制漏洞;2024年11月,美国又将先进封装与EDA软体纳入相关管制。</p>\n\n<p>但过去这些措施的核心仍是「出口」、「再出口」及「转让」。换言之,只要先进晶片没有实际被出口或再出口到中国,单纯透过海外数据中心提供远端算力,便可能落在既有规范之外。</p>\n\n<p>这正成为美国政府目前试图补上的缺口。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>中国</strong><strong>AI</strong><strong>透过海外云端取得算力 </strong><strong>Moonshot AI</strong><strong>遭点名</strong></h6>\n\n<p>《CNBC》报导指出,中国AI企业正在利用东南亚及其他海外地区的云端基础设施取得先进晶片算力。</p>\n\n<p>白宫官员Michael Kratsios 7月曾公开点名月之暗面(Moonshot AI),指其利用泰国一处数据中心内的GB300晶片。</p>\n\n<p>此外,《CNBC》引述知情人士指出,字节跳动与新加坡云端服务商Aolani合作,在马来西亚取得辉达晶片提供的算力;阿里巴巴(<a data-symbol-template=\"HKS:09988:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">09988-HK</a>) 与腾讯(<a data-symbol-template=\"HKS:00700:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">00700-HK</a>) 也被指采取类似安排。</p>\n\n<p>Aolani则表示,其客户并不拥有支撑相关服务的晶片,也没有未来取得晶片的权利或实体存取权;客户对该公司的服务、基础设施及技术进行的任何授权存取,都完全符合适用法规。</p>\n\n<p>这也凸显美国政府目前面临的核心问题:从现行出口管制的文字来看,这类模式并不一定涉及晶片的出口或再出口,因此未必直接违反既有规定。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>「远端存取安全法案」已在众议院过关</strong></h6>\n\n<p>美国国会也已开始针对远端算力存取建立新的法律框架。</p>\n\n<p>《远端存取安全法案》(Remote Access Security Act,RASA)今年1月已在众议院通过,目前仍停留在参议院。法案计划授权美国政府对受管制硬体与软体的远端云端存取实施出口管制,同时要求云端服务商执行客户身分验证(KYC)。</p>\n\n<p>新美国安全中心技术与国家安全访问学者Michelle Nie表示,美国晶片出口管制的目的,在于阻止中国利用美国先进晶片训练尖端AI,而远端存取模式正对这项政策目标形成威胁。</p>\n\n<p>不过,她也指出,RASA本身只是赋予政府相关权限,后续仍需要BIS制定具体规则,包括哪些计算工作受到限制、哪些使用者不得存取,以及云端服务商应如何执行有效的KYC。</p>\n\n<p>AI政策与战略研究所(AI Policy & Strategy Institute)计算政策团队高级研究员Cassia Kim则认为,真正困难之处在于制定出既有效又能实际执行的规范。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>东南亚大型数据中心恐面临重新评估</strong></h6>\n\n<p>如果美国最终将管制范围从晶片本身延伸至算力使用,受到影响的可能不只是中国AI公司,海外云端服务商及数据中心业者同样可能面临更高的合规要求。</p>\n\n<p>白宫向《CNBC》表示,川普政府已建立「现代史上最严格的出口管制体系」,并仍将保护美国国家与经济安全列为政策重点。</p>\n\n<p>与此同时,全球数据中心产业仍处于快速扩张阶段。仲量联行估计,到2030年全球数据中心容量将增加一倍至约200GW。</p>\n\n<p>在马来西亚、印尼及泰国,目前规划中的大型数据中心项目中,容量超过100MW的项目共有31个,但目前实际运作的仅有2个。</p>\n\n<p>若未来美国开始对「算力跨境租用」进行管制,部分建立在跨境算力需求上的数据中心商业模式,可能因此需要重新评估。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>中国本土算力替代压力升高</strong></h6>\n\n<p>面对美国持续收紧的先进晶片管制,中国也在加大本土半导体产业投入。</p>\n\n<p>2024年5月,中国国家积体电路产业投资基金三期承诺投入约475亿美元,主要投向中芯国际(<a data-symbol-template=\"HKS:00981:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">00981-HK</a>) 、长鑫科技(<a data-symbol-template=\"CNS:688825:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">688825-CN</a>) 、长江存储及华为海思等企业。</p>\n\n<p>在无法取得艾司摩尔(<a data-symbol-template=\"USS:ASML:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">ASML-US</a>) EUV设备的情况下,中芯国际利用DUV多重曝光技术实现7nm级制程量产,但在良率方面仍与台积电存在差距,5nm则被业界分析认为在商业上仍不可行。</p>\n\n<p>华为升腾910B、910C及910D则由海思设计、中芯国际代工。BIS在2025年5月发布的通用禁令10指南中认定,这些晶片使用美国技术且未获授权,因此任何使用、出口、再出口或维修相关晶片的行为,都可能构成持续违反美国《出口管理条例》(EAR)。</p>\n\n<p>SemiAnalysis估计,华为在2020年遭台积电(<a data-symbol-template=\"TWS:2330:STOCK:COMMON\" href=\"#\">2330-TW</a>) 断供前,从台积电取得约290万颗升腾裸片。这批晶片属于既有库存,后续新增供应则必须依靠自身产线。</p>\n\n<h6><strong>海外「算力外挂」空间可能遭进一步压缩</strong></h6>\n\n<p>即使晶片取得受到限制,中国AI模型的发展并未因此停滞。</p>\n\n<p>月之暗面的Kimi K3、DeepSeek以及阿里巴巴近期推出的AI模型,仍在基准测试中展现出色表现。</p>\n\n<p>《CNBC》引述业界人士指出,透过海外云端服务取得先进计算资源,是中国AI模型能力提升的重要因素之一。</p>\n\n<p>但随着美国政府开始将注意力从「晶片在哪里」转向「谁正在使用这些晶片提供的算力」,这条海外算力通道正面临新的政策压力。</p>\n\n<p>目前新规最终内容仍未确定,但可以确定的是,美国AI晶片出口管制的政策焦点正在扩大。过去以实体晶片流向为核心的管制框架,若进一步延伸至远端算力存取,将使中国AI企业取得先进计算资源的方式面临更大的限制。</p>\n\n<p>对中国AI产业而言,海外算力可以提供额外的计算资源,但这条「外挂」通道本身并非稳固的长期基础。随着美国收紧管制,中国本土算力与自主供应能力的重要性也将进一步凸显。</p>\n<div class=\"related-articles seo-links\">\n  <h4>相关阅读</h4>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-10325.html\" title=\"储存晶片涨势踩煞车!伯恩斯坦:价格上行空间已明显受限 短线可反弹但别追高\">储存晶片涨势踩煞车!伯恩斯坦:价格上行空间已明显受限 短线可反弹但别追高</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-6652.html\" title=\"270亿参数塞进iPhone!苹果洽谈AI新创 54GB大模型缩至不到4GB\">270亿参数塞进iPhone!苹果洽谈AI新创 54GB大模型缩至不到4GB</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-3815.html\" title=\"美光跃升全球最重要股票之一 摆脱周期股定位\">美光跃升全球最重要股票之一 摆脱周期股定位</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-11250.html\" title=\"苹果首款折叠iPhone Ultra传9月亮相 美国率先开卖 台湾可能暂时买不到\">苹果首款折叠iPhone Ultra传9月亮相 美国率先开卖 台湾可能暂时买不到</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-9806.html\" title=\"88万家企业纳入集体诉讼!Google恐面临50亿英镑天价求偿\">88万家企业纳入集体诉讼!Google恐面临50亿英镑天价求偿</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/new/mg/article-4359.html\" title=\"Meta忧自家模型遭「蒸馏」污染 传禁用Claude Code、Codex\">Meta忧自家模型遭「蒸馏」污染 传禁用Claude Code、Codex</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>",
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    "createdAt": "2026-08-30T06:10:03.000Z",
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